Medical Terminology Universal Class Unit 1

Questions and Answers

What does the circulatory/cardiovascular system include?

Heart, blood, and blood vessels (correct)

Stomach and intestines

Brain and nerves

Lungs and airways

What is the function of the lymphatic system?

It returns excess cellular waste products and fluid from the tissues to the circulatory system by way of a clear fluid called lymph.

What is the main function of the respiratory system?

Controls breathing

What does the digestive system do?

Brings food into the body and breaks it down. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the urinary system?

Maintains the proper balance of water, salts, and acids through constant filtering of the blood. Signup and view all the answers

What does the nervous system do?

Coordinates and controls all bodily actions. Signup and view all the answers

What does the integumentary system include?

Skin and hair Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the endocrine system?

Produces hormones that regulate body activities. Signup and view all the answers

What do the male and female reproductive systems produce?

Cells that unite to form the embryo, fetus, and infant. Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the musculoskeletal system?

It supports the body and allows it to move. Signup and view all the answers

What is a 'sign' in medical terminology?

Evidence of a condition that can be observed. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'atrophy' refer to?

A wasting away or shrinking of tissues. Signup and view all the answers

What is 'edema'?

Accumulated excess fluid in the tissues. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'hypertrophy' mean?

Overdevelopment of the size of an organ due to an increase in the size of the cells. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'pyrexia' indicate?

Feverish. Signup and view all the answers

What is 'hypothermia'?

A body temperature below normal. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'hyperpyrexia' mean?

A life-threatening high temperature. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'afebrile' mean?

Without fever. Signup and view all the answers

What is 'tachycardia'?

Heart rate greater than 100 beats per minute. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'bradycardia' refer to?

Heart rate less than 60 beats per minute. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'apnea' mean?

The cessation of respiration. Signup and view all the answers

What is defined as 'hyperpnea'?

Respiration rate over 25 breaths per minute. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'bradypnea' mean?

Slow breathing at a rate of 8-9 breaths per minute or less. Signup and view all the answers

What is a 'symptom'?

A subjective indication of a disease or a change in condition as perceived by the patient. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'anorexia' refer to?

Loss of appetite. Signup and view all the answers

What is 'malaise'?

A vague sensation of not feeling well. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'nausea' indicate?

Sickness of the stomach with the desire to throw up. Signup and view all the answers

What is 'tinnitus'?

Ringing in the ears. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'vertigo' refer to?

Sensation of spinning or turning around. Signup and view all the answers

What is a 'syndrome'?

A set of signs and symptoms that occur together as part of a disease process. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'diagnosis' refer to?

Identification of the complaint or disease. Signup and view all the answers

What is a 'differential diagnosis'?

An attempt to distinguish between two or more diseases with similar symptoms. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'prognosis' mean?

A prediction of the probable course and outcome of a disorder. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'acute' refer to in medical terms?

Disease or symptom with a rapid onset, severe course, and a short duration. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'chronic' mean?

Disease or symptom with a long duration. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'paroxysmal' refer to?

A sudden onset of symptoms that recur periodically. Signup and view all the answers

What is 'remission'?

Partial or complete disappearance of the symptoms of the disease. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'cure' mean?

Restoration of health, a disease-free state. Signup and view all the answers

What is an 'eponym'?

A structure, disease, operation, or procedure named for the person who described it. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'acronym' refer to?

A word developed from the initial letter or letters of the major parts of a compound term. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'treatment' involve?

The medical, surgical, or psychiatric assessment and management of a patient's ailment. Signup and view all the answers

What is 'active treatment'?

Directed to obtain a cure. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'systemic treatment' refer to?

Directed toward control of constitutional signs and symptoms of an illness. Signup and view all the answers

What is 'palliative treatment' aimed at?

Relieving the bothersome symptoms of an ailment. Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of prophylactic treatment?

Prevention of a condition. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'local' treatment mean?

Involves only a small area or part of the body. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'general' treatment refer to?

Involving the whole body. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'systemic' mean?

Pertaining to all body systems. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'abdomen' translate to in medical terms?

Abdomin/o. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'front' translate to in medical terminology?

Anter/o. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'bronchial tubes' translate to?

Bronch/o. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'neck of the body or uterus' translate to?

Cervic/o. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'coccyx/tailbone' translate to?

Coccyg/o. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'skull' translate to?

Crani/o. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'surface, skin' translate to?

Epithili/o. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'esophagus' translate to?

Esophag/o. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'liver' translate to?

Hepat/o. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'lapar/o' translate to?

Abdomen. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'larynx' translate to?

Laryng/o. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'side, lateral' translate to?

Later/o. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'loin' translate to?

Lumb/o. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'lymph' translate to?

Lymph/o. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'mediastinum' translate to?

Mediastin/o. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'pelvic' translate to?

Pelv/o. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'peritoneum' refer to?

Peritone/o. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'pharynx' translate to?

Pharyng/o. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'pleura' translate to?

Pleur/o. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'back, behind' translate to?

Poster/o. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'sacrum' translate to?

Sacr/o. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'spine' translate to?

Spin/o. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'chest' translate to?

Thorac/o. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'trachea' translate to?

Trache/o. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'vertebra' translate to?

Vertebr/o. Signup and view all the answers

What is the study of the heart called?

Cardiology. Signup and view all the answers

What is the field of study that focuses on the skin?

Dermatology. Signup and view all the answers

What is 'endocrinology'?

Study of the endocrine glands. Signup and view all the answers

What is 'gastroenterology'?

Study of the stomach and intestines. Signup and view all the answers

What is 'gynecology'?

Study of women and women's diseases. Signup and view all the answers

What is 'hematology'?

Study of the blood. Signup and view all the answers

What is 'neurology'?

Study of the nerves, brain, and spine. Signup and view all the answers

What is 'oncology'?

Study of tumors (cancerous/malignant). Signup and view all the answers

What is 'ophthalmology'?

Study of the eye. Signup and view all the answers

What does 'pathology' mean?

Study of disease. Signup and view all the answers

What is 'psychology'?

Study of the mind and mental disorders. Signup and view all the answers

What is 'rheumatology'?

Study of joint diseases. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Body Systems

Circulatory system: Comprises the heart, blood, and blood vessels (capillaries, veins, arteries).
Lymphatic system: Functions as part of the immune system; returns excess waste and fluid to circulation via lymph.
Respiratory system: Key role in controlling the process of breathing.
Digestive system: Responsible for bringing food into the body and breaking it down for nutrient absorption.
Urinary system: Regulates water, salt, and acid balance by filtering blood and managing fluid elimination.
Nervous system: Coordinates and controls all bodily actions, integrating sensory information.
Integumentary system (skin): Acts as the outer protective layer of the body.
Endocrine system: Produces hormones for regulating bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis.
Reproductive systems: Generate gametes for creating embryos and supporting fetal development.
Musculoskeletal system: Provides structure, support, and allows mobility.

Medical Terms and Definitions

Sign: Observable evidence of a medical condition, like fever.
Atrophy: Reduction in size or wasting away of tissues.
Edema: Swelling due to excess fluid accumulation in tissues.
Hypertrophy: Enlargement of organs or tissues from increased cell size.
Pyrexia: Medical term for fever.
Hypothermia: Abnormally low body temperature.
Hyperpyrexia: Dangerously high body temperature.
Afebrile: Absence of fever.
Tachycardia: Heart rate exceeding 100 beats per minute.
Bradycardia: Heart rate below 60 beats per minute.
Apnea: Temporary cessation of breathing.
Hyperpnea: Elevated respiration rate exceeding 25 breaths per minute.
Bradypnea: Abnormally slow breathing rate, 8-9 breaths per minute or less.

Symptoms and Diagnoses

Symptom: Subjective indication of a disease as experienced by the patient.
Anorexia: Loss of appetite.
Malaise: General feeling of discomfort or unease.
Nausea: Sensation of stomach upset often leading to vomiting.
Tinnitus: Ringing or buzzing in the ears.
Vertigo: Sensation of spinning or disorientation.
Syndrome: A collection of signs and symptoms indicative of a specific disease.
Diagnosis: Identification and naming of a medical condition.
Differential diagnosis: Identifying a disease by comparing similar symptoms found in different conditions.
Prognosis: Forecast regarding the likely outcome of a disorder.

Treatment Approaches

Acute: Characterized by rapid onset, severe symptoms, and typically short duration.
Chronic: Long-lasting or recurring diseases or symptoms.
Paroxysmal: Sudden onset of symptoms that occur at intervals.
Remission: Temporary or permanent reduction of disease symptoms without a cure.
Cure: Restoration to a state of health; elimination of the disease.
Eponym: Term named after the individual who first described it.
Acronym: A word formed from the initial letters of a series of words.

Treatment Types

Active treatment: Focused on curing a disease.
Systemic treatment: Aimed at controlling overall signs and symptoms of an illness.
Palliative treatment: Relief from symptoms without aimed cure.
Prophylactic treatment: Prevention-focused strategies.

Anatomical Terms

Abdomen: Abdomin/o and lapar/o refer to the abdominal region.
Anterior: Anter/o, indicating the front side of the body.
Bronchial tubes: Bronch/o, referring to the passage connecting the windpipe to the lungs.
Cervical: Cervic/o, relating to the neck.
Coccyx: Coccyg/o, commonly known as the tailbone.
Skull: Crani/o, the bony structure around the brain.
Lymph: Lymph/o, referring to the fluid in the lymphatic system.
Thoracic cavity: Thorac/o, pertaining to the chest.

Medical Specialties

Cardiology: Study and treatment of heart conditions.
Dermatology: Focuses on skin health and diseases.
Endocrinology: Specializes in hormonal and glandular disorders.
Gastroenterology: Deals with stomach and intestinal issues.
Gynecology: Focuses on women's health issues.
Hematology: Study of blood and blood disorders.
Neurology: Focuses on the nervous system, brain, and spinal cord.
Oncology: Study of tumors and cancer treatment.
Ophthalmology: Examination and treatment of eye disorders.
Pathology: Study of disease processes.
Psychology: The study of mental health and disorders.
Rheumatology: Concerned with joint diseases.

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Description

Explore the foundational terms of medical terminology in this Unit 1 flashcard quiz. Each card covers essential systems like the circulatory, lymphatic, and respiratory systems, providing clear definitions for better understanding. Perfect for beginners in healthcare or students of medical terminology.