Medical Terminology Universal Class Unit 1
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Questions and Answers

What does the circulatory/cardiovascular system include?

  • Heart, blood, and blood vessels (correct)
  • Stomach and intestines
  • Brain and nerves
  • Lungs and airways

    • What is the function of the lymphatic system?

    It returns excess cellular waste products and fluid from the tissues to the circulatory system by way of a clear fluid called lymph.

    What is the main function of the respiratory system?

    Controls breathing

    What does the digestive system do?

    <p>Brings food into the body and breaks it down.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the urinary system?

    <p>Maintains the proper balance of water, salts, and acids through constant filtering of the blood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the nervous system do?

    <p>Coordinates and controls all bodily actions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the integumentary system include?

    <p>Skin and hair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the endocrine system?

    <p>Produces hormones that regulate body activities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the male and female reproductive systems produce?

    <p>Cells that unite to form the embryo, fetus, and infant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the musculoskeletal system?

    <p>It supports the body and allows it to move.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a 'sign' in medical terminology?

    <p>Evidence of a condition that can be observed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'atrophy' refer to?

    <p>A wasting away or shrinking of tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is 'edema'?

    <p>Accumulated excess fluid in the tissues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'hypertrophy' mean?

    <p>Overdevelopment of the size of an organ due to an increase in the size of the cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'pyrexia' indicate?

    <p>Feverish.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is 'hypothermia'?

    <p>A body temperature below normal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'hyperpyrexia' mean?

    <p>A life-threatening high temperature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'afebrile' mean?

    <p>Without fever.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is 'tachycardia'?

    <p>Heart rate greater than 100 beats per minute.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'bradycardia' refer to?

    <p>Heart rate less than 60 beats per minute.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'apnea' mean?

    <p>The cessation of respiration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is defined as 'hyperpnea'?

    <p>Respiration rate over 25 breaths per minute.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'bradypnea' mean?

    <p>Slow breathing at a rate of 8-9 breaths per minute or less.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a 'symptom'?

    <p>A subjective indication of a disease or a change in condition as perceived by the patient.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'anorexia' refer to?

    <p>Loss of appetite.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is 'malaise'?

    <p>A vague sensation of not feeling well.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'nausea' indicate?

    <p>Sickness of the stomach with the desire to throw up.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is 'tinnitus'?

    <p>Ringing in the ears.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'vertigo' refer to?

    <p>Sensation of spinning or turning around.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a 'syndrome'?

    <p>A set of signs and symptoms that occur together as part of a disease process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'diagnosis' refer to?

    <p>Identification of the complaint or disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a 'differential diagnosis'?

    <p>An attempt to distinguish between two or more diseases with similar symptoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'prognosis' mean?

    <p>A prediction of the probable course and outcome of a disorder.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'acute' refer to in medical terms?

    <p>Disease or symptom with a rapid onset, severe course, and a short duration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'chronic' mean?

    <p>Disease or symptom with a long duration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'paroxysmal' refer to?

    <p>A sudden onset of symptoms that recur periodically.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is 'remission'?

    <p>Partial or complete disappearance of the symptoms of the disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'cure' mean?

    <p>Restoration of health, a disease-free state.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an 'eponym'?

    <p>A structure, disease, operation, or procedure named for the person who described it.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'acronym' refer to?

    <p>A word developed from the initial letter or letters of the major parts of a compound term.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'treatment' involve?

    <p>The medical, surgical, or psychiatric assessment and management of a patient's ailment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is 'active treatment'?

    <p>Directed to obtain a cure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'systemic treatment' refer to?

    <p>Directed toward control of constitutional signs and symptoms of an illness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is 'palliative treatment' aimed at?

    <p>Relieving the bothersome symptoms of an ailment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of prophylactic treatment?

    <p>Prevention of a condition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'local' treatment mean?

    <p>Involves only a small area or part of the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'general' treatment refer to?

    <p>Involving the whole body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'systemic' mean?

    <p>Pertaining to all body systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'abdomen' translate to in medical terms?

    <p>Abdomin/o.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'front' translate to in medical terminology?

    <p>Anter/o.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'bronchial tubes' translate to?

    <p>Bronch/o.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'neck of the body or uterus' translate to?

    <p>Cervic/o.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'coccyx/tailbone' translate to?

    <p>Coccyg/o.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'skull' translate to?

    <p>Crani/o.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'surface, skin' translate to?

    <p>Epithili/o.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'esophagus' translate to?

    <p>Esophag/o.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'liver' translate to?

    <p>Hepat/o.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'lapar/o' translate to?

    <p>Abdomen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'larynx' translate to?

    <p>Laryng/o.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'side, lateral' translate to?

    <p>Later/o.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'loin' translate to?

    <p>Lumb/o.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'lymph' translate to?

    <p>Lymph/o.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'mediastinum' translate to?

    <p>Mediastin/o.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'pelvic' translate to?

    <p>Pelv/o.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'peritoneum' refer to?

    <p>Peritone/o.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'pharynx' translate to?

    <p>Pharyng/o.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'pleura' translate to?

    <p>Pleur/o.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'back, behind' translate to?

    <p>Poster/o.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'sacrum' translate to?

    <p>Sacr/o.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'spine' translate to?

    <p>Spin/o.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'chest' translate to?

    <p>Thorac/o.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'trachea' translate to?

    <p>Trache/o.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'vertebra' translate to?

    <p>Vertebr/o.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the study of the heart called?

    <p>Cardiology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the field of study that focuses on the skin?

    <p>Dermatology.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is 'endocrinology'?

    <p>Study of the endocrine glands.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is 'gastroenterology'?

    <p>Study of the stomach and intestines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is 'gynecology'?

    <p>Study of women and women's diseases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is 'hematology'?

    <p>Study of the blood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is 'neurology'?

    <p>Study of the nerves, brain, and spine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is 'oncology'?

    <p>Study of tumors (cancerous/malignant).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is 'ophthalmology'?

    <p>Study of the eye.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'pathology' mean?

    <p>Study of disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is 'psychology'?

    <p>Study of the mind and mental disorders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is 'rheumatology'?

    <p>Study of joint diseases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Body Systems

    • Circulatory system: Comprises the heart, blood, and blood vessels (capillaries, veins, arteries).
    • Lymphatic system: Functions as part of the immune system; returns excess waste and fluid to circulation via lymph.
    • Respiratory system: Key role in controlling the process of breathing.
    • Digestive system: Responsible for bringing food into the body and breaking it down for nutrient absorption.
    • Urinary system: Regulates water, salt, and acid balance by filtering blood and managing fluid elimination.
    • Nervous system: Coordinates and controls all bodily actions, integrating sensory information.
    • Integumentary system (skin): Acts as the outer protective layer of the body.
    • Endocrine system: Produces hormones for regulating bodily functions and maintaining homeostasis.
    • Reproductive systems: Generate gametes for creating embryos and supporting fetal development.
    • Musculoskeletal system: Provides structure, support, and allows mobility.

    Medical Terms and Definitions

    • Sign: Observable evidence of a medical condition, like fever.
    • Atrophy: Reduction in size or wasting away of tissues.
    • Edema: Swelling due to excess fluid accumulation in tissues.
    • Hypertrophy: Enlargement of organs or tissues from increased cell size.
    • Pyrexia: Medical term for fever.
    • Hypothermia: Abnormally low body temperature.
    • Hyperpyrexia: Dangerously high body temperature.
    • Afebrile: Absence of fever.
    • Tachycardia: Heart rate exceeding 100 beats per minute.
    • Bradycardia: Heart rate below 60 beats per minute.
    • Apnea: Temporary cessation of breathing.
    • Hyperpnea: Elevated respiration rate exceeding 25 breaths per minute.
    • Bradypnea: Abnormally slow breathing rate, 8-9 breaths per minute or less.

    Symptoms and Diagnoses

    • Symptom: Subjective indication of a disease as experienced by the patient.
    • Anorexia: Loss of appetite.
    • Malaise: General feeling of discomfort or unease.
    • Nausea: Sensation of stomach upset often leading to vomiting.
    • Tinnitus: Ringing or buzzing in the ears.
    • Vertigo: Sensation of spinning or disorientation.
    • Syndrome: A collection of signs and symptoms indicative of a specific disease.
    • Diagnosis: Identification and naming of a medical condition.
    • Differential diagnosis: Identifying a disease by comparing similar symptoms found in different conditions.
    • Prognosis: Forecast regarding the likely outcome of a disorder.

    Treatment Approaches

    • Acute: Characterized by rapid onset, severe symptoms, and typically short duration.
    • Chronic: Long-lasting or recurring diseases or symptoms.
    • Paroxysmal: Sudden onset of symptoms that occur at intervals.
    • Remission: Temporary or permanent reduction of disease symptoms without a cure.
    • Cure: Restoration to a state of health; elimination of the disease.
    • Eponym: Term named after the individual who first described it.
    • Acronym: A word formed from the initial letters of a series of words.

    Treatment Types

    • Active treatment: Focused on curing a disease.
    • Systemic treatment: Aimed at controlling overall signs and symptoms of an illness.
    • Palliative treatment: Relief from symptoms without aimed cure.
    • Prophylactic treatment: Prevention-focused strategies.

    Anatomical Terms

    • Abdomen: Abdomin/o and lapar/o refer to the abdominal region.
    • Anterior: Anter/o, indicating the front side of the body.
    • Bronchial tubes: Bronch/o, referring to the passage connecting the windpipe to the lungs.
    • Cervical: Cervic/o, relating to the neck.
    • Coccyx: Coccyg/o, commonly known as the tailbone.
    • Skull: Crani/o, the bony structure around the brain.
    • Lymph: Lymph/o, referring to the fluid in the lymphatic system.
    • Thoracic cavity: Thorac/o, pertaining to the chest.

    Medical Specialties

    • Cardiology: Study and treatment of heart conditions.
    • Dermatology: Focuses on skin health and diseases.
    • Endocrinology: Specializes in hormonal and glandular disorders.
    • Gastroenterology: Deals with stomach and intestinal issues.
    • Gynecology: Focuses on women's health issues.
    • Hematology: Study of blood and blood disorders.
    • Neurology: Focuses on the nervous system, brain, and spinal cord.
    • Oncology: Study of tumors and cancer treatment.
    • Ophthalmology: Examination and treatment of eye disorders.
    • Pathology: Study of disease processes.
    • Psychology: The study of mental health and disorders.
    • Rheumatology: Concerned with joint diseases.

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    Description

    Explore the foundational terms of medical terminology in this Unit 1 flashcard quiz. Each card covers essential systems like the circulatory, lymphatic, and respiratory systems, providing clear definitions for better understanding. Perfect for beginners in healthcare or students of medical terminology.

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