Questions and Answers
What does 'chromo' mean?
What does '-some' refer to?
body
What does 'cyto' mean?
cell
What does 'skeleton' refer to in medical terminology?
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What does 'hyper' indicate?
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What does 'hypo' mean?
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What does 'iso' signify?
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What does '-tonic' relate to?
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What does '-o/sis' mean?
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What does 'metastasis' refer to?
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What does 'neo' mean?
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What does '-plasm' refer to?
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What does 'phag/o/' mean?
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What does '-cytosis' signify?
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What does 'atrophy' mean?
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What does 'benign' mean?
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What is 'papilloma'?
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What are 'stem cells'?
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What does 'cell membrane' refer to?
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What does 'nucleus' contain?
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What are 'chromosomes'?
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What is the function of 'endoplasmic reticulum'?
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What do 'mitochondria' do?
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What is 'adenosine triphosphate'?
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What is a 'peroxisome'?
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What is 'cytoplasm'?
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What do 'centrioles' aid in?
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What do 'Golgi bodies' do?
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What is the role of 'cytoskeleton'?
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What are 'specialized human cells'?
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What is the 'nuclear envelope'?
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What is 'nucleoplasm'?
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What are 'nucleoli'?
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What do 'ribosomes' do?
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What do 'lysosomes' contain?
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What does 'hypertrophy' mean?
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What does 'dysplasia' refer to?
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What is a 'tumor'?
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What is 'phagocytosis'?
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What type of tumor is 'cancer'?
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What does 'malignant' mean?
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Study Notes
Medical Terminology - The Cell
- Chromo refers to "colored," often used in terms related to pigmentation in cells.
- -some signifies "body," a term commonly seen in biological structures.
- Cyto means "cell," a fundamental unit of life.
- Skeleton denotes a "framework," indicating support structures within cells.
- Hyper indicates "excessive," often used to describe abnormal conditions in cells.
- Hypo means "below normal," contrasting hyper with underactivity or reduced presence.
- Iso translates to "same as," used when comparing concentration levels.
- -tonic relates to "concentration," important in discussing solutions surrounding cells.
- -o/sis identifies a "condition of," used in various medical diagnoses.
- Metastasis refers to the spread of cells, particularly in a cancer context, beyond their original site.
- Neo indicates "new," often associated with new formations such as tissues or cells.
- -plasm denotes "growth," representing various biological developments.
- Phag/o/ means "eat," relevant in describing cellular activities like eating foreign substances.
- -cytosis implies a "process of," used in discussing cellular functions.
- Atrophy describes a condition where cells waste away, often due to disease or aging.
- Benign refers to non-cancerous conditions, considered harmless.
- Papilloma is a benign, wart-like growth typically superficial.
- Stem cells are unspecialized cells capable of self-renewal and differentiation into specialized cells.
- Cell membrane is a semipermeable barrier controlling substance exchange in and out of the cell.
- Nucleus contains genetic material (DNA and RNA) and directs cell activities, often termed the "brain" of the cell.
- Chromosomes are threadlike structures found in the nucleus, housing genetic information; humans possess 23 pairs.
- Endoplasmic reticulum is a membrane system involved in protein and lipid production and transport; acts as the cell's transportation system.
- Mitochondria are organelles responsible for energy production via respiration; stores ATP.
- Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the primary energy storage compound in cells.
- Peroxisome is an organelle involved in digesting worn-out cells and bacteria through oxidation.
- Cytoplasm is the jelly-like fluid inside cells, holding organelles between the membrane and nucleus.
- Centrioles assist in cell division, specifically in animal cells.
- Golgi bodies serve as the cell's packaging center, distributing processed proteins and materials.
- Cytoskeleton is a network of supporting structures in the cytoplasm, functioning like bones in the human body.
- Specialized human cells include nerve cells, muscle cells, and red blood cells, highlighting the diversity of cell types.
- Nuclear envelope is a double membrane entity encircling the nucleus.
- Nucleoplasm fills the space within the nucleus, between chromatin and nucleoli.
- Nucleoli are sites within the nucleus where ribosomes are assembled, characterized by high protein and RNA concentrations.
- Ribosomes are organelles responsible for protein synthesis in the cytoplasm.
- Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes crucial for cellular digestion processes.
- Hypertrophy describes an increase in cell size or number, often due to muscle building or organ enlargement.
- Dysplasia refers to an abnormal change in the size, shape, and organization of cells, often an early sign of disease.
- Tumor is the result of abnormal cell division, commonly referred to as neoplasm, which can be benign or malignant.
- Phagocytosis is a process wherein cells "eat" or engulf foreign particles or other cells.
- Cancer is characterized by malignant tumors, indicating uncontrolled cell growth.
- Malignant describes cancerous conditions, distinguishing them from benign growths.
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Test your knowledge of essential medical terminology related to cells with these flashcards. Each card features a key term along with its definition to help reinforce your understanding. Perfect for students and healthcare professionals looking to enhance their vocabulary in the field of biology.
