Medical Terminology - The Cell Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What does 'chromo' mean?

  • cell
  • framework
  • colored (correct)
  • body
  • What does '-some' refer to?

    body

    What does 'cyto' mean?

    cell

    What does 'skeleton' refer to in medical terminology?

    <p>framework</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'hyper' indicate?

    <p>excessive</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'hypo' mean?

    <p>below normal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'iso' signify?

    <p>same as</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does '-tonic' relate to?

    <p>concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does '-o/sis' mean?

    <p>condition of</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'metastasis' refer to?

    <p>beyond control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'neo' mean?

    <p>new</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does '-plasm' refer to?

    <p>growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'phag/o/' mean?

    <p>eat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does '-cytosis' signify?

    <p>process of</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'atrophy' mean?

    <p>to waste away</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'benign' mean?

    <p>harmless</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is 'papilloma'?

    <p>a benign, superficial wart-like growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are 'stem cells'?

    <p>unspecialized cells that can renew themselves</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'cell membrane' refer to?

    <p>the semipermeable membrane surrounding the cytoplasm of a cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'nucleus' contain?

    <p>DNA and RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are 'chromosomes'?

    <p>gene-carrying structures found in the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of 'endoplasmic reticulum'?

    <p>assists in the production, processing, and transport of proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do 'mitochondria' do?

    <p>produces energy and respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is 'adenosine triphosphate'?

    <p>principal chemical compound that cells use to store energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a 'peroxisome'?

    <p>cellular organelle that digests worn-out cells and bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is 'cytoplasm'?

    <p>jellylike fluid inside the cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do 'centrioles' aid in?

    <p>cell division</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do 'Golgi bodies' do?

    <p>package and distribute proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of 'cytoskeleton'?

    <p>supporting organelles in cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are 'specialized human cells'?

    <p>nerve cells, muscle cells, red blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the 'nuclear envelope'?

    <p>double membrane that surrounds the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is 'nucleoplasm'?

    <p>fluid that fills the space between chromatin and nucleoli</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are 'nucleoli'?

    <p>areas in nucleus with high concentrations of protein and RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do 'ribosomes' do?

    <p>synthesize proteins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do 'lysosomes' contain?

    <p>digestive enzymes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'hypertrophy' mean?

    <p>increase in size or number of cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'dysplasia' refer to?

    <p>change in size, shape, organization of cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a 'tumor'?

    <p>cell division that does not occur in the usual pattern</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is 'phagocytosis'?

    <p>cell eating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tumor is 'cancer'?

    <p>malignant tumor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'malignant' mean?

    <p>cancerous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Medical Terminology - The Cell

    • Chromo refers to "colored," often used in terms related to pigmentation in cells.
    • -some signifies "body," a term commonly seen in biological structures.
    • Cyto means "cell," a fundamental unit of life.
    • Skeleton denotes a "framework," indicating support structures within cells.
    • Hyper indicates "excessive," often used to describe abnormal conditions in cells.
    • Hypo means "below normal," contrasting hyper with underactivity or reduced presence.
    • Iso translates to "same as," used when comparing concentration levels.
    • -tonic relates to "concentration," important in discussing solutions surrounding cells.
    • -o/sis identifies a "condition of," used in various medical diagnoses.
    • Metastasis refers to the spread of cells, particularly in a cancer context, beyond their original site.
    • Neo indicates "new," often associated with new formations such as tissues or cells.
    • -plasm denotes "growth," representing various biological developments.
    • Phag/o/ means "eat," relevant in describing cellular activities like eating foreign substances.
    • -cytosis implies a "process of," used in discussing cellular functions.
    • Atrophy describes a condition where cells waste away, often due to disease or aging.
    • Benign refers to non-cancerous conditions, considered harmless.
    • Papilloma is a benign, wart-like growth typically superficial.
    • Stem cells are unspecialized cells capable of self-renewal and differentiation into specialized cells.
    • Cell membrane is a semipermeable barrier controlling substance exchange in and out of the cell.
    • Nucleus contains genetic material (DNA and RNA) and directs cell activities, often termed the "brain" of the cell.
    • Chromosomes are threadlike structures found in the nucleus, housing genetic information; humans possess 23 pairs.
    • Endoplasmic reticulum is a membrane system involved in protein and lipid production and transport; acts as the cell's transportation system.
    • Mitochondria are organelles responsible for energy production via respiration; stores ATP.
    • Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the primary energy storage compound in cells.
    • Peroxisome is an organelle involved in digesting worn-out cells and bacteria through oxidation.
    • Cytoplasm is the jelly-like fluid inside cells, holding organelles between the membrane and nucleus.
    • Centrioles assist in cell division, specifically in animal cells.
    • Golgi bodies serve as the cell's packaging center, distributing processed proteins and materials.
    • Cytoskeleton is a network of supporting structures in the cytoplasm, functioning like bones in the human body.
    • Specialized human cells include nerve cells, muscle cells, and red blood cells, highlighting the diversity of cell types.
    • Nuclear envelope is a double membrane entity encircling the nucleus.
    • Nucleoplasm fills the space within the nucleus, between chromatin and nucleoli.
    • Nucleoli are sites within the nucleus where ribosomes are assembled, characterized by high protein and RNA concentrations.
    • Ribosomes are organelles responsible for protein synthesis in the cytoplasm.
    • Lysosomes contain digestive enzymes crucial for cellular digestion processes.
    • Hypertrophy describes an increase in cell size or number, often due to muscle building or organ enlargement.
    • Dysplasia refers to an abnormal change in the size, shape, and organization of cells, often an early sign of disease.
    • Tumor is the result of abnormal cell division, commonly referred to as neoplasm, which can be benign or malignant.
    • Phagocytosis is a process wherein cells "eat" or engulf foreign particles or other cells.
    • Cancer is characterized by malignant tumors, indicating uncontrolled cell growth.
    • Malignant describes cancerous conditions, distinguishing them from benign growths.

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    Test your knowledge of essential medical terminology related to cells with these flashcards. Each card features a key term along with its definition to help reinforce your understanding. Perfect for students and healthcare professionals looking to enhance their vocabulary in the field of biology.

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