Medical Terminology: SIRS and Sepsis

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Questions and Answers

Sepsis can occur due to both infectious and non-infectious agents.

True

Severe sepsis affects only the body’s skin system.

False

Septic shock is characterized by severe sepsis and the presence of hypotension.

True

Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) can occur without any infection.

True Signup and view all the answers

Sepsis is only caused by bacterial infections.

False Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of endotoxemia?

Increased vascular permeability Signup and view all the answers

Which type of toxin is primarily responsible for disturbances in fluid and electrolyte balance in the intestine?

Enterotoxins Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a clinical finding associated with acute endotoxemia?

Polycythemia Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant consequence of increased vascular permeability in endotoxemia?

Heart and renal failure Signup and view all the answers

How do metabolic toxins contribute to toxemia?

They accumulate due to abnormal metabolism or incomplete elimination. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common clinical finding in septic shock?

Severe peripheral vasodilatation Signup and view all the answers

What sign indicates severe endotoxemia?

Cool skin and extremities Signup and view all the answers

Which clinical pathology finding is associated with mild endotoxemia?

Neutrophilia Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic sign of chronic toxemia?

Separation from the group Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a treatment method for septic shock?

Fluid and electrolyte therapy Signup and view all the answers

In the presence of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), which symptom is likely to manifest?

Petechial hemorrhages Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of stress on animals according to the content?

Leads to the development of psychosomatic disease Signup and view all the answers

What condition is described by prolonged inadequate supply of nutrients?

Undernutrition Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is NOT associated with hypothermia in septic shock?

Fever Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes hyperorexia?

Increased food intake due to hunger contractions Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Sepsis and its Causes

Sepsis can be triggered by infectious and non-infectious agents.
Severe sepsis affects multiple body systems, not just the skin.
Septic shock involves severe sepsis and low blood pressure (hypotension).
Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) can occur independently of infections.
Sepsis can be caused by various infections, not just bacterial infections.

Endotoxemia: Characteristics and Consequences

Endotoxemia is characterized by the presence of endotoxins in the bloodstream, typically released by bacteria.
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an endotoxin produced by Gram-negative bacteria, is a primary contributor to fluid and electrolyte imbalances in the intestines.
Increased vascular permeability in endotoxemia results in fluid leakage from blood vessels, leading to tissue swelling and reduced blood volume.
Metabolic toxins contribute to toxemia by disrupting normal metabolic processes, leading to imbalances in blood sugar and other essential substances.

Clinical Manifestations of Endotoxemia and Septic Shock

Acute endotoxemia is associated with fever, tachycardia (rapid heartbeat), and leukocytosis (increased white blood cell count).
Severe endotoxemia is indicated by signs like hypotension (low blood pressure) and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC).
Mild endotoxemia may present with elevated lactate levels in blood tests.
Chronic toxemia is often characterized by weight loss and a weakened immune system.
Septic shock commonly manifests with tachycardia, hypotension, and a decreased urine output.
Treatment for septic shock may involve intravenous fluids, antibiotics, and medications to support blood pressure.
Disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) in septic shock can cause excessive bleeding due to impaired blood clotting.

Stress, Starvation, and Septic Shock

Stress can negatively impact animals, potentially contributing to the development of sepsis.
Starvation, characterized by prolonged nutrient deficiency, weakens the immune system and increases susceptibility to infections.
Hypothermia in septic shock can manifest as low body temperature, but shivering is not necessarily a symptom.
Hyperorexia is a condition characterized by excessive hunger and increased food intake.

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Description

This quiz covers key concepts related to Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome (SIRS), sepsis, severe sepsis, and septic shock. Test your understanding of the causes, symptoms, and complications associated with these medical conditions.