Medical Terminology Quiz

Anatomy and Functions of the Kidney

• Kidneys are bean-shaped organs located on either side of the spine in the lumbar region, responsible for filtering nitrogenous wastes from the bloodstream to produce urine.
• The renal cortex is the outer region, while the renal medulla is the inner region of the kidney, with functions related to filtration and urine formation.

Key Structures and Terms

• Arteriole: Small artery that regulates blood flow to the kidneys.
• Calyx (Calyces): Cup-like structures in the renal pelvis used for collecting urine.
• Catheter: Tube used for injecting or removing fluids from the body.
• Glomerulus: A tiny ball of capillaries in the kidney essential for filtering blood.
• Glomerular Capsule (Bowman's Capsule): Structure surrounding the glomerulus, collecting filtered materials from blood.
• Renal Pelvis: Central area of the kidney where urine collects before moving to the ureter.

Waste and Electrolyte Management

• Creatinine: Nitrogenous waste found in urine; creatinine clearance measures kidney efficiency in filtering this substance from the blood.
• Urea: Major nitrogenous waste product excreted in urine.
• Uric Acid: Another form of nitrogenous waste excreted in urine.
• Electrolytes: Charged chemical elements vital for muscle and nerve function, including potassium (K+) and sodium (Na+), which are regulated by the kidneys.

Hormonal Regulation

• Erythropoietin (EPO): Hormone produced by the kidneys that stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow.
• Renin: Hormone secreted by the kidneys that raises blood pressure by causing blood vessel constriction.

Urinary System Components

• Nephron: The functional unit of the kidney, where filtration, reabsorption, and secretion occur.
• Renal Artery: Vessel that carries oxygenated blood to the kidneys.
• Renal Vein: Vessel that carries deoxygenated blood away from the kidneys toward the heart.
• Ureters: Tubes that transport urine from each kidney to the urinary bladder.
• Urethra: Tube leading from the urinary bladder to the exterior of the body for urine expulsion.
• Urinary Bladder: Muscular sac that stores urine temporarily before elimination.
• Trigone: Triangular region in the urinary bladder marked by openings for the ureters and urethra.

Urination Process

• Urination (Void): The act of expelling urine from the bladder, also known as micturition.
• Reabsorption: Process by which renal tubules return necessary materials back to the bloodstream after preliminary filtration.

Anatomy and Functions of the Kidney

• Kidneys are bean-shaped organs located on either side of the spine in the lumbar region, responsible for filtering nitrogenous wastes from the bloodstream to produce urine.
• The renal cortex is the outer region, while the renal medulla is the inner region of the kidney, with functions related to filtration and urine formation.

Key Structures and Terms

• Arteriole: Small artery that regulates blood flow to the kidneys.
• Calyx (Calyces): Cup-like structures in the renal pelvis used for collecting urine.
• Catheter: Tube used for injecting or removing fluids from the body.
• Glomerulus: A tiny ball of capillaries in the kidney essential for filtering blood.
• Glomerular Capsule (Bowman's Capsule): Structure surrounding the glomerulus, collecting filtered materials from blood.
• Renal Pelvis: Central area of the kidney where urine collects before moving to the ureter.

Waste and Electrolyte Management

• Creatinine: Nitrogenous waste found in urine; creatinine clearance measures kidney efficiency in filtering this substance from the blood.
• Urea: Major nitrogenous waste product excreted in urine.
• Uric Acid: Another form of nitrogenous waste excreted in urine.
• Electrolytes: Charged chemical elements vital for muscle and nerve function, including potassium (K+) and sodium (Na+), which are regulated by the kidneys.

Hormonal Regulation

• Erythropoietin (EPO): Hormone produced by the kidneys that stimulates red blood cell production in the bone marrow.
• Renin: Hormone secreted by the kidneys that raises blood pressure by causing blood vessel constriction.

Urinary System Components

• Nephron: The functional unit of the kidney, where filtration, reabsorption, and secretion occur.
• Renal Artery: Vessel that carries oxygenated blood to the kidneys.
• Renal Vein: Vessel that carries deoxygenated blood away from the kidneys toward the heart.
• Ureters: Tubes that transport urine from each kidney to the urinary bladder.
• Urethra: Tube leading from the urinary bladder to the exterior of the body for urine expulsion.
• Urinary Bladder: Muscular sac that stores urine temporarily before elimination.
• Trigone: Triangular region in the urinary bladder marked by openings for the ureters and urethra.

Urination Process

• Urination (Void): The act of expelling urine from the bladder, also known as micturition.
• Reabsorption: Process by which renal tubules return necessary materials back to the bloodstream after preliminary filtration.