Podcast
Questions and Answers
The opening where the renal artery and renal vein enter and leave the kidney is called the:
The opening where the renal artery and renal vein enter and leave the kidney is called the:
Hilum
Urine is expelled from the body through the:
Urine is expelled from the body through the:
Urethra
The filtering units found in the kidneys that are responsible for urine formation are called:
The filtering units found in the kidneys that are responsible for urine formation are called:
Nephrons
In the process of urine formation, filtration takes place in the:
In the process of urine formation, filtration takes place in the:
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The kidneys secrete erythropoietin to stimulate the production of:
The kidneys secrete erythropoietin to stimulate the production of:
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The renal corpuscle is composed of capillaries known as the:
The renal corpuscle is composed of capillaries known as the:
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Waste products are transported to the kidneys via the:
Waste products are transported to the kidneys via the:
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The renal pelvis is:
The renal pelvis is:
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Which hormone is produced by the kidneys?
Which hormone is produced by the kidneys?
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After wastes are removed, blood leaves the kidney by way of the:
After wastes are removed, blood leaves the kidney by way of the:
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Reabsorption in the nephron occurs in the:
Reabsorption in the nephron occurs in the:
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The renal corpuscle is composed of the funnel-shaped end of the renal tubule and the:
The renal corpuscle is composed of the funnel-shaped end of the renal tubule and the:
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Waste filtered by the kidney includes:
Waste filtered by the kidney includes:
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The area at the base of the bladder delineated by the urethra and the ureters is called the:
The area at the base of the bladder delineated by the urethra and the ureters is called the:
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In a frontal section of the kidney, the outer layer is the:
In a frontal section of the kidney, the outer layer is the:
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The combining form (CF) py/o means:
The combining form (CF) py/o means:
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The CF vesic/o means:
The CF vesic/o means:
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The CF lith/o means:
The CF lith/o means:
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The CF olig/o means:
The CF olig/o means:
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The CF noct/o means:
The CF noct/o means:
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The CF azot/o means:
The CF azot/o means:
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The CF kal/i means:
The CF kal/i means:
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The CF urethr/o means:
The CF urethr/o means:
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The CF pyel/o means:
The CF pyel/o means:
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The CF glomerul/o means:
The CF glomerul/o means:
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The CF ren/o means:
The CF ren/o means:
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The suffix -uria means:
The suffix -uria means:
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The prefix retro- means:
The prefix retro- means:
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The suffix -genesis means:
The suffix -genesis means:
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The prefix dia- means:
The prefix dia- means:
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The loss of large amounts of plasma protein in urine, causing systemic edema, is called:
The loss of large amounts of plasma protein in urine, causing systemic edema, is called:
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Which term means blood in the urine?
Which term means blood in the urine?
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Solidified protein fragments, shaped like the tubules in which they form, are called:
Solidified protein fragments, shaped like the tubules in which they form, are called:
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An abnormal passage from a hollow organ to the surface or from one organ to another is called a(n):
An abnormal passage from a hollow organ to the surface or from one organ to another is called a(n):
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The condition in which excess amounts of urea, creatinine, and uric acid build up in the blood is called:
The condition in which excess amounts of urea, creatinine, and uric acid build up in the blood is called:
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Wilms tumor is a rapidly developing tumor of the kidney found especially in children.
Wilms tumor is a rapidly developing tumor of the kidney found especially in children.
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Anuria is the failure of the kidneys to produce urine.
Anuria is the failure of the kidneys to produce urine.
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Two major causes of acute tubular necrosis (ATN) are ischemia and nephrotoxic injury.
Two major causes of acute tubular necrosis (ATN) are ischemia and nephrotoxic injury.
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Abnormal passage from a hollow organ to the surface or from one organ to another is a fissure.
Abnormal passage from a hollow organ to the surface or from one organ to another is a fissure.
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Involuntary discharge of urine is called nocturia.
Involuntary discharge of urine is called nocturia.
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The backflow of urine into the renal pelvis causes an expansion of the renal pelvis.
The backflow of urine into the renal pelvis causes an expansion of the renal pelvis.
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Scanty output of urine is called oliguria.
Scanty output of urine is called oliguria.
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An increased blood level of calcium is called hypercalcemia.
An increased blood level of calcium is called hypercalcemia.
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Loss of excessive amounts of protein, resulting in systemic edema, is a characteristic of pyelonephritis.
Loss of excessive amounts of protein, resulting in systemic edema, is a characteristic of pyelonephritis.
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Hemodialysis is a method of removing waste substances from the blood by shunting it from the body to an artificial kidney.
Hemodialysis is a method of removing waste substances from the blood by shunting it from the body to an artificial kidney.
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Ureteroscopic stone removal is an alternative to ESWL when stones are large or lithotripsy is not recommended.
Ureteroscopic stone removal is an alternative to ESWL when stones are large or lithotripsy is not recommended.
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The surgical treatment for a floating kidney is nephropexy.
The surgical treatment for a floating kidney is nephropexy.
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Besides providing for urine drainage, nephrostomy may provide access to the kidney for various treatments.
Besides providing for urine drainage, nephrostomy may provide access to the kidney for various treatments.
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Indwelling stents provide a safe, long-term treatment for urinary obstruction because they require very little follow-up treatment.
Indwelling stents provide a safe, long-term treatment for urinary obstruction because they require very little follow-up treatment.
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Electromyography is used primarily to measure bladder contraction.
Electromyography is used primarily to measure bladder contraction.
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Study Notes
Kidney Anatomy and Functions
- Hilum: The entry point for the renal artery and exit for the renal vein in the kidney.
- Nephrons: Functional filtering units in kidneys responsible for urine formation.
- Renal Corpuscle: Structure where urine filtration occurs, composed of the glomerulus and a funnel-shaped renal tubule end.
- Renal Pelvis: Section that acts as an extension of the ureter.
- Erythropoietin: Hormone secreted by the kidneys to stimulate red blood cell production in response to low oxygen levels.
- Trigone: Area at the base of the bladder delineated by the urethra and ureters.
Kidney-Related Conditions and Terms
- Azotemia: Condition characterized by an excess of nitrogenous waste products in the blood.
- Nephrotic Syndrome: Loss of large amounts of plasma protein in urine, leading to systemic edema.
- Hematuria: Presence of blood in urine.
- Cystocele: Condition where the bladder herniates into the vagina.
- Urolithiasis: Presence of calculi (stones) in any urinary structure.
- Hydronephrosis: Abnormal dilation of the renal pelvis due to urine accumulation from obstruction.
Urinary Disorders and Symptoms
- Enuresis: Inability to control urination; also known as incontinence.
- Nocturia: Frequent urination at night.
- Polyuria: Excessive urination.
- Oliguria: Scanty urine output.
- Cystitis: Inflammation of the bladder.
- Pyuria: Presence of pus cells in urine.
Diagnostic Procedures
- Urinalysis: Comprehensive evaluation of a urine specimen including physical, chemical, and microscopic analysis.
- Cystoscopy: Visual examination of the bladder for evidence of disease, obtaining biopsies, and removing tissue.
- Renal Nuclear Scan: Test to assess kidney function using a radioactive tracer.
- Voiding Cystourethrography: Radiological examination of the bladder and urethra during urination with contrast medium.
- Bladder Ultrasonography: Imaging technique to assess bladder volume and identify incomplete emptying.
Surgical and Treatment Procedures
- Nephropexy: Surgical fixation of a floating or movable kidney.
- Lithotripsy: Procedure that crushes stones in the urinary tract.
- Nephrostomy: Creation of a passage into the renal pelvis to drain urine externally.
- Cystectomy: Surgical removal of the bladder.
- Ureteral Stent Placement: Insertion of a tube to treat urine flow obstruction.
Medications and Therapies
- Diuretics: Agents that promote urine excretion.
- Antibiotics: Medications used to treat recurrent cystitis, targeting bacterial infections.
- Antispasmodics: Medications that relieve overactive bladder symptoms.
Important Abbreviations
- BUN: Blood Urea Nitrogen, commonly used to evaluate kidney function.
- ESRD: End-Stage Renal Disease, indicating chronic renal failure.
- UA: Urinalysis.
- C&S: Culture and Sensitivity test to identify infective organisms and appropriate antibiotics.
- IVP: Intravenous Pyelogram, radiographic examination of the urinary tract post-contrast injection.
Key Facts
- Wilms tumor is a malignant kidney tumor predominantly found in children.
- Diabetes and hypertension are the primary causes of end-stage renal disease.
- High-frequency sound waves from bladder ultrasonography help visualize and assess bladder conditions.
- Hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis are methods to remove waste from the body when kidneys fail.
- Loss of excessive protein in urine is indicative of conditions like nephrotic syndrome, not pyelonephritis.
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Description
Test your knowledge on kidney anatomy, functions, and related conditions with this informative quiz. Explore key concepts like nephrons, renal corpuscle structure, and common kidney-related conditions. Perfect for students and healthcare professionals alike.
