Medical Terminology: Prefixes Overview
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Medical Terminology: Prefixes Overview

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Questions and Answers

What does the prefix 'macro-' indicate in a medical term?

  • One
  • Small
  • Large (correct)
  • Half
  • Which root term refers specifically to the heart?

  • Vascul/o
  • Cardi/o (correct)
  • Hemo
  • Phleb/o
  • What does the suffix '-ectomy' signify in medical terminology?

  • Surgical repair
  • Removal of (correct)
  • Condition of
  • Inflammation
  • Which of the following prefixes indicates a direction or position?

    <p>Inter-</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which suffix is used to denote a condition or disease?

    <p>-oma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of varicella?

    <p>Itching and red spots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus is responsible for causing varicella?

    <p>Herpes virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom of rubeola?

    <p>Body covered with a red rash</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which group of individuals is varicella most commonly found?

    <p>Children</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does varicella typically present itself in addition to the rash?

    <p>High fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease is also known as the chickenpox virus?

    <p>Varicella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom differentiates rubeola from varicella?

    <p>Body covered with a red rash</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary characteristic of Parkinson's disease?

    <p>It is a type of Parkinsonism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is most commonly associated with tuberculosis?

    <p>Coughing blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding Parkinson's disease?

    <p>It is a nervous disorder without a known cause.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about tuberculosis is incorrect?

    <p>It is a type of Parkinsonism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is NOT typically associated with Parkinson's disease?

    <p>Coughing blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is allergic rhinitis commonly known as?

    <p>Hay fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primary body parts are affected by allergic rhinitis?

    <p>Nose and eyes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a cause of allergic rhinitis?

    <p>Bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main health concern associated with pertussis?

    <p>Infectious disease affecting the bronchial tubes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which demographic is most commonly affected by pertussis?

    <p>Children</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom is most characteristic of allergic rhinitis?

    <p>Chronic sneezing and nasal congestion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the nature of allergic rhinitis?

    <p>Allergic reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What treatment is often recommended for managing allergic rhinitis?

    <p>Antihistamines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a severe complication associated with pertussis in children?

    <p>Hearing loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is pertussis primarily transmitted?

    <p>Airborne droplets from coughing or sneezing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Medical Terminology

    • Medical terms built with prefixes, roots, and suffixes
    • Prefixes placed at the beginning of the term, indicating location, direction, quality, quantity, color, or type

    Prefixes

    • For size:
      • macro-/ megalo- - large
      • micro- - small
    • For numbers:
      • mono-, uni- - One
      • di / bi-, tri-, qua(dr/r/t) - two, three, four
      • semi- - Half
      • hemi- - half (one side)
      • equi- - Equal
      • poly- - Many
    • For level:
      • hyper- - above normal
      • Hypo- - Below normal
      • eu-/normo- - normal, good
    • For time or speed:
      • post- - After
      • re- - Again
      • retro- - back, backward
      • pro-, pre-, ante- - Before
      • neo- - new
      • chron- - Slow
      • brady- (Cardia) - slow
      • tachy- (cardia) - Fast
    • For function or quality:
      • anti-, contra- - Against
      • mal- - Bad
      • eti- - Cause
      • a-, de- - Without
      • dys- - Not working correctly, painful
    • For direction or position:
      • ab- - away from
      • ad- - Towards
      • supra- - above
      • peri-, epi-, circum- - Around
      • end(o)- - within, inside
      • exo-, ecto- - outside, out of
      • auto- - self
      • dia- - through, completely
      • trans- (osophageal) - inter
      • inter- - Between
      • con- - together
      • sub- - Below
    • For colors:
      • chromo- / chromato- - color
      • melan- - black
      • leuko- - white
      • erythro- - red
      • cyano- - blue
      • chloro- - green
    • Other prefixes:
      • prostho- - addition of artificial part
      • echo- - reflected sound
      • chemo- - chemical
      • electro- - electrical

    Roots

    • Core of medical terms
    • Provide essential meaning
    • Indicate a body part or system
    • At least one root per term
    • When the prefix is absent, the root is the start of the term
    • Head:
      • encephalo - Brain
      • cephalo - head
      • ot, aur - Ear
      • tympan - Ear drum
      • ophthalm, ocul - Eye
      • faci - face
      • rhin/o - Nose
      • crani - skull
      • lingu - tongue
      • labi/o - lip
      • bucc/o - Cheek
    • Heart and circulatory:
      • Cardi/o - Heart
      • Vascul/o, angio - blood vessel
      • aort - aorta
      • Phleb/o, ven - Vein
      • Hemo, sangu - blood
      • Arterio - Artery
    • Bones and Muscles:
      • brachi/o - Arm
      • myo - Muscle
      • oste/o - Bone
      • dorsum/a - Back
      • ped, pod - Foot
      • tal - Ankle
      • cost - Rib
      • scapul - Shoulder
      • carp - Wrist
      • arth - Joint
    • Digestive system:
      • append - Appendix
      • cholecyst - gall bladder
      • col - colon (large intestine)
      • o/esophag/o - oesophagus
      • enter (itis) - Small intestine
      • ren (al), nephr/o - kidney
      • gastr (otomy) - Stomach
      • hepato-(itis) - liver
      • peritone - membrane lining abdomen and pelvis
      • rect, proct - rectum
    • Other common roots
      • neur - nerves
      • derm, dermat - skin
      • chem - drug
      • electr - electricity
      • therm - heat
      • gnos - knowledge
      • bio - life
      • bar, tension - pressure
      • echo - returned sound
      • aden/o - gland - cis - to cut - glyc - sugar - gyro - old age - gynae - woman, female - ped - child - onc - tumor - psych - mind - crin - secrete
      • pulm - lung
      • carcin - cancer

    Suffixes

    • End of medical terms

    • Basic nouns and adjective suffixes:

      • -genic - Causing
      • -ia, -ism, -sis, -y - condition
      • -iatry, iatrics - specialty, medical treatment
      • -ian, -ist - specialist
      • -um, -us - Structure
      • -logy - study of
      • -ac, -ar(y), -al, -ic, -ior, -ory, -ous, -tic - pertaining to
    • Tests and procedures:

      • -plasty - surgical repair
      • -ectomy - removal of
      • -gram - image / record
      • -orrhaphy - suture, stitching
      • -otomy - cutting into, incision
      • -scopy - Viewing (visual examination)
      • -otripsy - crushing, destroying
      • -stomy - opening
      • -pherenia - Medical condition
    • Pathology or function:

      • -emia - blood (condition of)
      • -cyte - Cell
      • -osis - Condition or disease
      • -pnea - Breathing
      • -itis - inflammation
      • -algia - Pain
      • -penia - Deficiency
      • -pathy - Disease
      • -rrhag(e/ia) - excessive flow
      • -oma - mass, tumor
      • -schisis - separation, splitting
      • -plegia - condition of paralysis
      • -lith - Stone

    Examples of Suffix Usage

    • -itis (inflammation):
      • Carditis - Inflammation of the heart
      • Colitis - Inflammation of the colon
      • Hepatitis - Inflammation of the liver
      • Encephalitis - Inflammation of the brain
      • Nephritis - Inflammation of the kidney
      • Cystitis - Inflammation of the bladder
      • Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lung
      • Otitis - Inflammation of the ear
      • Gastritis - Inflammation of the stomach
      • Cholecystitis - Inflammation of the gall bladder
    • -ectomy (removal):
      • Colectomy - Removal of the colon
      • Tonsillectomy - Removal of the tonsils
      • Appendectomy - Removal of the appendix
      • Nephrectomy - Removal of the kidney
      • Gastrectomy - Removal of the stomach

    Parts of the Body

    • Common words and their corresponding anatomical names

    • Common Word Anatomical Name
      Stomach Abdomen
      Wrist Carpus
      Elbow Cubitus
      Buttocks Nates
      Jaw Mandible
      Chest Thorax
      Armpit Axilla
      Hip Coxa
      Breast Mamma
      Knee Patella or Knee cap
      Groin Inguinal region
      Side of the head behind eye Temple
      Bottom part of feet Sole
      Navel Periumbilical

    Symptoms and Signs

    • Symptoms - Problems reported by the patient
    • Signs - What the doctor finds when examining the patient

    Examples of Symptoms

    • Tiredness, Varicella (chicken pox virus): An infectious disease of children caused by a herpes virus, characterized by fever and red spots with itching.
    • Rubeola (Measles): An infectious disease of children where the body is covered with a red rash.
    • Allergic rhinitis (Hay fever): Inflammation in the nose and eyes caused by an allergic reaction to dust mites.
    • Pertussis: An infectious disease affecting the bronchial tubes, common in children and sometimes very serious.
    • Parkinson's disease: Nervous disorder without a known cause, characterized by tremors, rigidity, and slow movements.
    • Tuberculosis: An infectious disease, most common form is infection of the lungs, causing patients to lose weight, cough blood, and have a fever.
    • Cystic fibrosis: A hereditary disease where the pancreas produces abnormal mucus that can block pancreatic ducts and air passages.
    • Cirrhosis: A progressive disease of the liver, often associated with alcoholism.
    • Diphtheria: A bacterial infection that can cause serious complications like heart or nerve damage.

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    Description

    Explore the fundamentals of medical terminology focusing on prefixes that indicate size, numbers, levels, time, and functions. This quiz will test your understanding of various medical prefixes and their meanings. Perfect for students in health sciences or aspiring medical professionals.

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