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Questions and Answers
What does the prefix 'macro-' indicate in a medical term?
What does the prefix 'macro-' indicate in a medical term?
Which root term refers specifically to the heart?
Which root term refers specifically to the heart?
What does the suffix '-ectomy' signify in medical terminology?
What does the suffix '-ectomy' signify in medical terminology?
Which of the following prefixes indicates a direction or position?
Which of the following prefixes indicates a direction or position?
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Which suffix is used to denote a condition or disease?
Which suffix is used to denote a condition or disease?
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What is the primary characteristic of varicella?
What is the primary characteristic of varicella?
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Which virus is responsible for causing varicella?
Which virus is responsible for causing varicella?
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Which of the following is a symptom of rubeola?
Which of the following is a symptom of rubeola?
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In which group of individuals is varicella most commonly found?
In which group of individuals is varicella most commonly found?
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How does varicella typically present itself in addition to the rash?
How does varicella typically present itself in addition to the rash?
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Which disease is also known as the chickenpox virus?
Which disease is also known as the chickenpox virus?
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What symptom differentiates rubeola from varicella?
What symptom differentiates rubeola from varicella?
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What is a primary characteristic of Parkinson's disease?
What is a primary characteristic of Parkinson's disease?
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Which of the following symptoms is most commonly associated with tuberculosis?
Which of the following symptoms is most commonly associated with tuberculosis?
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Which statement is true regarding Parkinson's disease?
Which statement is true regarding Parkinson's disease?
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Which of the following statements about tuberculosis is incorrect?
Which of the following statements about tuberculosis is incorrect?
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Which symptom is NOT typically associated with Parkinson's disease?
Which symptom is NOT typically associated with Parkinson's disease?
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What is allergic rhinitis commonly known as?
What is allergic rhinitis commonly known as?
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What primary body parts are affected by allergic rhinitis?
What primary body parts are affected by allergic rhinitis?
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Which of the following is NOT a cause of allergic rhinitis?
Which of the following is NOT a cause of allergic rhinitis?
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What is the main health concern associated with pertussis?
What is the main health concern associated with pertussis?
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Which demographic is most commonly affected by pertussis?
Which demographic is most commonly affected by pertussis?
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What symptom is most characteristic of allergic rhinitis?
What symptom is most characteristic of allergic rhinitis?
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Which of the following best describes the nature of allergic rhinitis?
Which of the following best describes the nature of allergic rhinitis?
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What treatment is often recommended for managing allergic rhinitis?
What treatment is often recommended for managing allergic rhinitis?
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What is a severe complication associated with pertussis in children?
What is a severe complication associated with pertussis in children?
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How is pertussis primarily transmitted?
How is pertussis primarily transmitted?
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Study Notes
Medical Terminology
- Medical terms built with prefixes, roots, and suffixes
- Prefixes placed at the beginning of the term, indicating location, direction, quality, quantity, color, or type
Prefixes
-
For size:
- macro-/ megalo- - large
- micro- - small
-
For numbers:
- mono-, uni- - One
- di / bi-, tri-, qua(dr/r/t) - two, three, four
- semi- - Half
- hemi- - half (one side)
- equi- - Equal
- poly- - Many
-
For level:
- hyper- - above normal
- Hypo- - Below normal
- eu-/normo- - normal, good
-
For time or speed:
- post- - After
- re- - Again
- retro- - back, backward
- pro-, pre-, ante- - Before
- neo- - new
- chron- - Slow
- brady- (Cardia) - slow
- tachy- (cardia) - Fast
-
For function or quality:
- anti-, contra- - Against
- mal- - Bad
- eti- - Cause
- a-, de- - Without
- dys- - Not working correctly, painful
-
For direction or position:
- ab- - away from
- ad- - Towards
- supra- - above
- peri-, epi-, circum- - Around
- end(o)- - within, inside
- exo-, ecto- - outside, out of
- auto- - self
- dia- - through, completely
- trans- (osophageal) - inter
- inter- - Between
- con- - together
- sub- - Below
-
For colors:
- chromo- / chromato- - color
- melan- - black
- leuko- - white
- erythro- - red
- cyano- - blue
- chloro- - green
-
Other prefixes:
- prostho- - addition of artificial part
- echo- - reflected sound
- chemo- - chemical
- electro- - electrical
Roots
- Core of medical terms
- Provide essential meaning
- Indicate a body part or system
- At least one root per term
- When the prefix is absent, the root is the start of the term
-
Head:
- encephalo - Brain
- cephalo - head
- ot, aur - Ear
- tympan - Ear drum
- ophthalm, ocul - Eye
- faci - face
- rhin/o - Nose
- crani - skull
- lingu - tongue
- labi/o - lip
- bucc/o - Cheek
-
Heart and circulatory:
- Cardi/o - Heart
- Vascul/o, angio - blood vessel
- aort - aorta
- Phleb/o, ven - Vein
- Hemo, sangu - blood
- Arterio - Artery
-
Bones and Muscles:
- brachi/o - Arm
- myo - Muscle
- oste/o - Bone
- dorsum/a - Back
- ped, pod - Foot
- tal - Ankle
- cost - Rib
- scapul - Shoulder
- carp - Wrist
- arth - Joint
-
Digestive system:
- append - Appendix
- cholecyst - gall bladder
- col - colon (large intestine)
- o/esophag/o - oesophagus
- enter (itis) - Small intestine
- ren (al), nephr/o - kidney
- gastr (otomy) - Stomach
- hepato-(itis) - liver
- peritone - membrane lining abdomen and pelvis
- rect, proct - rectum
-
Other common roots
- neur - nerves
- derm, dermat - skin
- chem - drug
- electr - electricity
- therm - heat
- gnos - knowledge
- bio - life
- bar, tension - pressure
- echo - returned sound
- aden/o - gland - cis - to cut - glyc - sugar - gyro - old age - gynae - woman, female - ped - child - onc - tumor - psych - mind - crin - secrete
- pulm - lung
- carcin - cancer
Suffixes
-
End of medical terms
-
Basic nouns and adjective suffixes:
- -genic - Causing
- -ia, -ism, -sis, -y - condition
- -iatry, iatrics - specialty, medical treatment
- -ian, -ist - specialist
- -um, -us - Structure
- -logy - study of
- -ac, -ar(y), -al, -ic, -ior, -ory, -ous, -tic - pertaining to
-
Tests and procedures:
- -plasty - surgical repair
- -ectomy - removal of
- -gram - image / record
- -orrhaphy - suture, stitching
- -otomy - cutting into, incision
- -scopy - Viewing (visual examination)
- -otripsy - crushing, destroying
- -stomy - opening
- -pherenia - Medical condition
-
Pathology or function:
- -emia - blood (condition of)
- -cyte - Cell
- -osis - Condition or disease
- -pnea - Breathing
- -itis - inflammation
- -algia - Pain
- -penia - Deficiency
- -pathy - Disease
- -rrhag(e/ia) - excessive flow
- -oma - mass, tumor
- -schisis - separation, splitting
- -plegia - condition of paralysis
- -lith - Stone
Examples of Suffix Usage
-
-itis (inflammation):
- Carditis - Inflammation of the heart
- Colitis - Inflammation of the colon
- Hepatitis - Inflammation of the liver
- Encephalitis - Inflammation of the brain
- Nephritis - Inflammation of the kidney
- Cystitis - Inflammation of the bladder
- Pneumonitis - Inflammation of the lung
- Otitis - Inflammation of the ear
- Gastritis - Inflammation of the stomach
- Cholecystitis - Inflammation of the gall bladder
-
-ectomy (removal):
- Colectomy - Removal of the colon
- Tonsillectomy - Removal of the tonsils
- Appendectomy - Removal of the appendix
- Nephrectomy - Removal of the kidney
- Gastrectomy - Removal of the stomach
Parts of the Body
-
Common words and their corresponding anatomical names
-
Common Word Anatomical Name Stomach Abdomen Wrist Carpus Elbow Cubitus Buttocks Nates Jaw Mandible Chest Thorax Armpit Axilla Hip Coxa Breast Mamma Knee Patella or Knee cap Groin Inguinal region Side of the head behind eye Temple Bottom part of feet Sole Navel Periumbilical
Symptoms and Signs
- Symptoms - Problems reported by the patient
- Signs - What the doctor finds when examining the patient
Examples of Symptoms
- Tiredness, Varicella (chicken pox virus): An infectious disease of children caused by a herpes virus, characterized by fever and red spots with itching.
- Rubeola (Measles): An infectious disease of children where the body is covered with a red rash.
- Allergic rhinitis (Hay fever): Inflammation in the nose and eyes caused by an allergic reaction to dust mites.
- Pertussis: An infectious disease affecting the bronchial tubes, common in children and sometimes very serious.
- Parkinson's disease: Nervous disorder without a known cause, characterized by tremors, rigidity, and slow movements.
- Tuberculosis: An infectious disease, most common form is infection of the lungs, causing patients to lose weight, cough blood, and have a fever.
- Cystic fibrosis: A hereditary disease where the pancreas produces abnormal mucus that can block pancreatic ducts and air passages.
- Cirrhosis: A progressive disease of the liver, often associated with alcoholism.
- Diphtheria: A bacterial infection that can cause serious complications like heart or nerve damage.
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Description
Explore the fundamentals of medical terminology focusing on prefixes that indicate size, numbers, levels, time, and functions. This quiz will test your understanding of various medical prefixes and their meanings. Perfect for students in health sciences or aspiring medical professionals.
