Medical Terminology Mid Term Chapters 1-10

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Questions and Answers

What is the term for enlargement of extremities after puberty due to a pituitary gland problem?

Anemia

Cancerous tumor

Arthralgia

Acromegaly (correct)

What is the procedure called for the removal of a gland?

Adenectomy

What is the surgical puncture to remove fluid from the sac around the embryo called?

Amniocentesis

What condition is characterized by a decrease in the number of red blood cells or hemoglobin?

Anemia Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for pain in a joint?

Arthralgia Signup and view all the answers

What is the microscopic examination of living tissue called?

Biopsy Signup and view all the answers

What is another term for a cancerous tumor?

Carcinoma Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'cell membrane' refer to?

Allows materials to pass into and out of the cell Signup and view all the answers

Cerebral pertains to which part of the body?

The largest part of the brain Signup and view all the answers

What does chronic mean?

Continuing over a long period of time Signup and view all the answers

What is the tailbone called?

Coccyx Signup and view all the answers

In which body cavity is the pituitary gland located?

Cranial Signup and view all the answers

What is the procedure called involving an incision of the skull?

Craniotomy Signup and view all the answers

What is inflammation of the urinary bladder called?

Cystitis Signup and view all the answers

What is a visual examination of the urinary bladder called?

Cystoscopy Signup and view all the answers

What is the study of cells known as?

Cytology Signup and view all the answers

What are genes composed of?

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a muscular wall separating the abdominal and thoracic cavities?

Diaphragm Signup and view all the answers

What does the term electroencephalogram refer to?

Record of electricity in the brain Signup and view all the answers

What part of the cell is involved in protein formation?

Endoplasmic reticulum Signup and view all the answers

What tool is used to examine within the body?

Endoscope Signup and view all the answers

What does adipose mean?

Pertaining to fat Signup and view all the answers

What is gastric resection called?

Gastrectomy Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix '-graph' imply?

Instrument to record Signup and view all the answers

What does hematoma refer to?

Collection of blood Signup and view all the answers

A tumor of the liver is called what?

Hepatoma Signup and view all the answers

What condition is indicated by high levels of sugar in the blood?

Hyperglycemia Signup and view all the answers

What does hypertrophy mean?

Excessive development Signup and view all the answers

What are the upper lateral regions of the abdomen called?

Hypochondriac regions Signup and view all the answers

What does iatrogenic mean?

Pertaining to produced by treatment Signup and view all the answers

What does the term inguinal refer to?

Pertaining to the groin Signup and view all the answers

What is the procedure for the removal of the voice box called?

Laryngectomy Signup and view all the answers

What is another term for the voice box?

Larynx Signup and view all the answers

What condition is characterized by an increase in numbers of malignant white blood cells?

Leukemia Signup and view all the answers

What does myelogram refer to?

X-ray record of the spinal cord Signup and view all the answers

What is an abnormal condition of the kidney called?

Nephrosis Signup and view all the answers

What does neurectomy mean?

Resection of a nerve Signup and view all the answers

What does '-oid' indicate in medical terminology?

Resembling Signup and view all the answers

What is the instrument used to view the eye called?

Ophthalmoscope Signup and view all the answers

What is inflammation of a joint known as?

Osteitis Signup and view all the answers

What does the term osteotomy refer to?

Incision of a bone Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for pain in the ear?

Otalgia Signup and view all the answers

What is the membrane surrounding the heart called?

Pericardium Signup and view all the answers

What condition refers to disease of the lung?

Pneumonia Signup and view all the answers

What does '-ptosis' mean?

Prolapse Signup and view all the answers

What is an abnormal condition of the mind called?

Psychosis Signup and view all the answers

What does rhinitis refer to?

Inflammation of the nose Signup and view all the answers

What does the term sagittal relate to?

Plane that divides the body into right and left portions Signup and view all the answers

What does sarcoma refer to?

Malignant tumor of flesh tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is the term 'sclerosis' the opposite of?

-malacia Signup and view all the answers

What is the instrument called that is used to visually examine?

-scope Signup and view all the answers

What do histologists study?

Tissues Signup and view all the answers

What is the pleural cavity?

Space between the membranes around the lungs Signup and view all the answers

What does '-stomy' mean?

Surgical creation of a permanent opening Signup and view all the answers

What does supine mean?

Lying on the back Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for treatment in medical terminology?

-therapy Signup and view all the answers

What does thoracic refer to?

Pertaining to the chest Signup and view all the answers

What is the name for the esophagus?

Throat Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells does a histologist study?

Tissues Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for inflammation of lymph tissue in the throat?

Tonsillitis Signup and view all the answers

What does transverse refer to?

Plane that divides the body into upper and lower portions Signup and view all the answers

What is the pelvic cavity?

Cavity surrounded by the hip bone Signup and view all the answers

What is the spinal cavity?

Cavity surrounded by the backbones Signup and view all the answers

What is the abdominal cavity?

Cavity below the chest containing digestive organs Signup and view all the answers

What does cervical refer to?

Region of the neck Signup and view all the answers

What does lumbar refer to?

Region of the waist Signup and view all the answers

What part of the body does the sacrum refer to?

Region of the sacrum Signup and view all the answers

What does coccygeal refer to?

Region of the tailbone Signup and view all the answers

What does superficial mean?

Opposite of deep Signup and view all the answers

What does distal refer to?

Opposite of proximal Signup and view all the answers

What does the term supine also imply?

Opposite of prone Signup and view all the answers

What does ventral mean?

Opposite of dorsal Signup and view all the answers

What is the statement: 'The left lung lies _____ to the heart' asking for?

Lateral Signup and view all the answers

What is the statement: 'The ____ end of the humerus is at the shoulder' asking for?

Proximal Signup and view all the answers

What does the statement: 'The liver lies ____ to the intestines' ask for?

Superior Signup and view all the answers

What is another term for a back bone?

Vertebra Signup and view all the answers

What does the statement: 'The ____ end of the thigh bone (femur) joins with the knee cap' ask for?

Distal Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a plane that divides the body into upper and lower portions?

Transverse Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a plane that divides the body into right and left portions?

Sagittal Signup and view all the answers

What does the statement: 'the diaphragm lies (_ ) to the organs in the thoracic cavity' refer to?

Inferior (caudal) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Medical Terminology Summary

Acromegaly: Enlargement of extremities post-puberty due to pituitary gland dysfunction.
Adenectomy: Surgical procedure for gland removal.
Amniocentesis: Surgical extraction of amniotic fluid surrounding the embryo.
Anemia: Condition characterized by reduced red blood cell count or hemoglobin levels.
Arthralgia: Medical term for joint pain.
Biopsy: Microscopic analysis of living tissue samples.
Carcinoma: Term for a cancerous tumor.
Cell Membrane: Semipermeable barrier regulating entry and exit of substances in cells.
Cerebral: Relates specifically to the largest brain region.
Chronic: Describes a condition lasting for an extended duration.
Coccyx: Anatomical term for the tailbone.
Cranial: Pertaining to the skull's interior, housing the pituitary gland.
Craniotomy: Surgical incision to access the skull.
Cystitis: Medical term for urinary bladder inflammation.
Cystoscopy: Procedure involving visual examination of the urinary bladder.
Cytology: Discipline concerned with the study of cellular structures.
Death: Represented by the term necr/o.
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid): Genetic material consisting of genes.
Diagnosis: Determination of a patient’s condition based on comprehensive knowledge.
Diaphragm: Muscular barrier separating thoracic and abdominal cavities.
Electroencephalogram: A recording of electrical activity in the brain.
Endoplasmic Reticulum: Cellular structure where protein synthesis occurs.
Endoscope: Device used for internal visual examinations.
Fat (Adipose): Pertaining to storage cells for fat.
Gastrectomy: Surgical removal of part or all of the stomach.
-graph: Suffix denoting an instrument used for recording.
Hematoma: Accumulation of blood due to injury.
Hepatoma: Tumor that arises in liver tissue.
Hyperglycemia: Condition indicating elevated blood sugar levels.
Hypertrophy: Abnormal enlargement of a body part or organ.
Hypochondriac Regions: Upper lateral abdominal areas located beneath the ribs.
Iatrogenic: Referring to conditions caused by medical treatment.
Inguinal: Descriptor for the groin area.
Laryngectomy: Surgical removal of the voice box (larynx).
Larynx: Commonly referred to as the voice box.
Leukemia: Abnormal increase in malignant white blood cell production.
Myelogram: X-ray representation of the spinal cord.
Nephrosis: Abnormal kidney condition.
Neurectomy: Surgical resection of a nerve.
-oid: Suffix indicating resemblance.
Ophthalmoscope: Instrument designed for eye examination.
Osteitis: Inflammation impacting bone tissue.
Osteotomy: Surgical procedure involving bone incision.
Otalgia: Term used for ear pain.
Pericardium: Membrane encasing the heart.
Pneumonia: Infectious disease affecting lung functionality.
Prolapse: Condition denoted by -ptosis, indicating displacement.
Psychosis: Abnormal mental state.
Rhinitis: Medical term for nasal inflammation.
Sagittal Plane: Plane dividing the body into right and left sections.
Sarcoma: Aggressive tumor originating from connective tissues.
-sclerosis: Suffix describing hardening, opposite of -malacia (softening).
-scope: Instrument used for visual examination.
Skin Cell (Epithelial Cell): Basic unit of epidermis, significant in tissue studies.
Pleural Cavity: Space between lung membranes.
-stomy: Surgical creation of a permanent bodily opening.
Supine: Describes lying flat on the back.
-therapy: General term for treatment approaches.
Thoracic: Pertaining to chest structures.
Throat (Pharynx): Common term for pharyngeal region.
Tissues: Histologist focuses on microscopic structures and interrelationships.
Tonsillitis: Inflammation of lymphatic tissue in the throat.
Transhepatic: Refers to pathways or conditions involving the liver.
Viscera: Collective term for internal organs.
Nucleus: Control center within cells, housing chromosomes.
Anabolism: Process that builds complex molecules from smaller units.
Metabolism: Totality of biochemical processes in living cells.
Histologist: Expert studying tissues and their functions.
Genes: DNA segments responsible for inherited traits.
Pharynx: Anatomical name for the throat.
Adipose Tissue: Tissue composed of fat-storing cells.
Trachea: Known as the windpipe, conducting air to the lungs.
Ureter: Tube transporting urine from kidneys to bladder.
Urethra: The conduit for urine excretion from the bladder to external environment.
Cranial Cavity: Encased space holding the brain, surrounded by the skull.
Thoracic Cavity: Chest chamber protected by ribs.
Pelvic Cavity: Space enclosed by the hip bones, containing reproductive and excretory organs.
Spinal Cavity: Dorsal cavity encasing the spinal cord.
Abdominal Cavity: Area beneath the chest containing digestive organs.
Cervical: Relating to the neck region.
Lumbar: Area of lower back.
Sacrum: Pertaining to the sacral region.
Coccygeal: Referencing the tailbone region.
Superficial: Indicates nearness to the body's surface.
Distal: Refers to locations further from the center of the body.
Superior: Positioned above or higher than other structures.
Transverse Plane: Divides the body into upper (superior) and lower (inferior) parts.
Inferior Caudal: Describes structures situated lower in relation to the thoracic cavity.

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Test your knowledge of medical terminology with this comprehensive flashcard quiz covering chapters 1 through 10. From acromegaly to anemia, familiarize yourself with essential terms and their definitions. Perfect for students preparing for their mid-term exams in medical terminology.