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Questions and Answers
What does the suffix ‘-itis’ signify in medical nomenclature?
What does the suffix ‘-itis’ signify in medical nomenclature?
Which of the following is NOT a cause of inflammation?
Which of the following is NOT a cause of inflammation?
What is one of the main protective functions of inflammation?
What is one of the main protective functions of inflammation?
Which term describes inflammation of the lungs?
Which term describes inflammation of the lungs?
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Which condition is most closely associated with endogenous causes of inflammation?
Which condition is most closely associated with endogenous causes of inflammation?
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What characterizes multifocal lesions within an organ?
What characterizes multifocal lesions within an organ?
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Which statement best describes peracute inflammation?
Which statement best describes peracute inflammation?
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Which of the following is NOT a cardinal sign of inflammation?
Which of the following is NOT a cardinal sign of inflammation?
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What is the primary reason for the heat (calor) experienced in an inflamed area?
What is the primary reason for the heat (calor) experienced in an inflamed area?
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Which type of inflammation is characterized by a short-term process that can last a few hours to a few days?
Which type of inflammation is characterized by a short-term process that can last a few hours to a few days?
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Study Notes
Lecture: Inflammation
- Lecture on inflammation, delivered by Dr. Mohamed M. Metwally, Professor of veterinary pathology, on 20/10/2024.
- Inflammation is a progressive reaction to injury in vascularized tissue.
- Inflammation originates from the Latin word 'inflammare' meaning 'something on fire'.
- Inflammation is a protective mechanism.
- Key purpose of inflammation: to dilute, isolate and eliminate the causative agent; and to repair tissue damage as a result of the injury.
Types of Inflammation
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Acute inflammation: a short-term process (a few hours to days), usually appearing minutes/hours after initial exposure. The process progresses rapidly to resolution or chronic inflammation.
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Cardinal signs of inflammation (Gross lesions):
- Redness (rubor)
- Heat (calor)
- Swelling (tumor)
- Pain (dolor)
- Loss of function (functiolaesa)
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Microscopic lesions:
- Vascular congestion
- Leukocytic infiltration
- Presence of exudate
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Cardinal signs of inflammation (Gross lesions):
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Chronic inflammation: a prolonged process (weeks to years), characterized by chronic inflammatory cell infiltration and fibroplasia.
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Causes:
- Failure of the acute inflammatory response to eliminate the causative agent
- Repeated episodes of acute inflammation
- Unique biochemical characteristics/virulence factors in causative agents
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Gross picture:
- Grey/white color
- Firm consistency due to fibroblast proliferation and fibrous connective tissue deposition
- Irregular shape due to haphazard leukocyte accumulation and fibrosis
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Microscopic picture:
- Inflammatory cell infiltrate (lymphocytes, macrophages)
- Proliferation of fibroblasts and deposition of collagen
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Causes:
Classification of Inflammation
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Distribution:
- Focal (single inflamed area)
- Multifocal (multiple inflamed foci)
- Locally extensive (involving a considerable area)
- Diffuse (involving the entire organ)
- Severity: inflammation can be mild, moderate, or severe based on the extent of injury and tissue damage.
- Duration: inflammation can be peracute, acute, or chronic based on the length of time the process persists.
Types of Inflammatory exudates
- Serous: clear watery fluid, often containing proteins (e.g., albumin).
- Catarrhal: mucous membranes, containing viscous gelatinous fluid.
- Purulent/suppurative: pus-containing exudate, caused by pyogenic bacteria.
- Hemorrhagic: blood-containing exudate.
- Fibrinous: fibrinous exudate (e.g. pseudo-membrane).
Inflammatory Cells
- Acute: Mast cells, neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils.
- Chronic: Macrophages, epithelioid cells, multinucleated giant cells and Lymphocytes.
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Description
Test your knowledge on medical terminology related to inflammation with this quiz. Answer questions about the suffix ‘-itis’ and various causes and functions of inflammation. Ideal for students studying health sciences or medicine.
