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Questions and Answers
75% of all medical terms are derived from ______ and ______ words
75% of all medical terms are derived from ______ and ______ words
GREEK, LATIN
ETYMOLOGY is the study of the history of words, their origins, and how their form and meaning have changed over ______
ETYMOLOGY is the study of the history of words, their origins, and how their form and meaning have changed over ______
time
The prefix of a medical term gives you a clue into what to expect in a word’s ______
The prefix of a medical term gives you a clue into what to expect in a word’s ______
meaning
The suffix of a medical term tells you what is happening with a specific body part or ______
The suffix of a medical term tells you what is happening with a specific body part or ______
All medical terms have at least one ______ word
All medical terms have at least one ______ word
When connected to other word elements, root words are converted into combining ______
When connected to other word elements, root words are converted into combining ______
____ barked
____ barked
Physicians’ Desk Reference: P___
Physicians’ Desk Reference: P___
Pulseless electrical activity: P___
Pulseless electrical activity: P___
Pregnancy induced hypertension: P___
Pregnancy induced hypertension: P___
Post-operative: p___-op
Post-operative: p___-op
By mouth (per os): _O
By mouth (per os): _O
The abbreviation for sexually transmitted diseases is ___
The abbreviation for sexually transmitted diseases is ___
The abbreviation for short of breath is ___
The abbreviation for short of breath is ___
The abbreviation for total parenteral nutrition is ___
The abbreviation for total parenteral nutrition is ___
The abbreviation for temperature, pulse, respiration is ___
The abbreviation for temperature, pulse, respiration is ___
The abbreviation for transurethral resection of the prostate is ___
The abbreviation for transurethral resection of the prostate is ___
The abbreviation for three times a day is ___
The abbreviation for three times a day is ___
By adding the e to the plural, the “aah” sound ending pronunciation becomes “eh.” Axilla, ______
By adding the e to the plural, the “aah” sound ending pronunciation becomes “eh.” Axilla, ______
The exceptions to changing the ma or oma ending to mata are: Carcinoma, ______
The exceptions to changing the ma or oma ending to mata are: Carcinoma, ______
When a term ends in nx, change the x to g and add es. Larynx, ______
When a term ends in nx, change the x to g and add es. Larynx, ______
Medical Rule 8: For Latin medical terms that consist of a noun and adjective, pluralize both terms. Condyloma acuminatum, ______
Medical Rule 8: For Latin medical terms that consist of a noun and adjective, pluralize both terms. Condyloma acuminatum, ______
The es is pronounced “eez.” Analysis, ______
The es is pronounced “eez.” Analysis, ______
Medical Rule 6: When a term ends in yx, ax, or ix, change the x to c and add es. Calyx, ______
Medical Rule 6: When a term ends in yx, ax, or ix, change the x to c and add es. Calyx, ______
Medical Rule 4: Change the is ending to es. Placenta previa, placentae ______
Medical Rule 4: Change the is ending to es. Placenta previa, placentae ______
English Rule 2: When a term ends in s, x, ch, or sh, add es. Stress, ______
English Rule 2: When a term ends in s, x, ch, or sh, add es. Stress, ______
English Rule 3: When a term ends in y after a consonant, change the y to I and add es. Artery, ______
English Rule 3: When a term ends in y after a consonant, change the y to I and add es. Artery, ______
English Rule 4: When a term ends in o after a consonant, add nes. Comedo, ______
English Rule 4: When a term ends in o after a consonant, add nes. Comedo, ______
Nursing Assistant. Person who performs routine patient care tasks under the supervision of a registered ______.
Nursing Assistant. Person who performs routine patient care tasks under the supervision of a registered ______.
Nutritionist – Dietitian. Person professionally trained to work on the procedures of the use of food for therapeutic purposes in the management of persons suffering from a ______.
Nutritionist – Dietitian. Person professionally trained to work on the procedures of the use of food for therapeutic purposes in the management of persons suffering from a ______.
Orthopedic Surgeon. Physician specializing in surgical treatment of diseases of the ______ and joints.
Orthopedic Surgeon. Physician specializing in surgical treatment of diseases of the ______ and joints.
Osteopath. Doctor of osteopathy; physician specializing in the treatment of disorders by ensuring proper formation and alignment of the muscles and bones as well as by traditional ______.
Osteopath. Doctor of osteopathy; physician specializing in the treatment of disorders by ensuring proper formation and alignment of the muscles and bones as well as by traditional ______.
Otolaryngologist. Physician specializing in diseases of the head and neck, especially the ears and respiratory ______.
Otolaryngologist. Physician specializing in diseases of the head and neck, especially the ears and respiratory ______.
Pediatrician. Physician specializing in the treatment of ______.
Pediatrician. Physician specializing in the treatment of ______.
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Study Notes
Medical Rule 1: Adding the e to the plural, "aah" sound ending pronunciation becomes "eh"
- Axilla, axillae
- Bursa, bursae
- Conjunctiva, conjunctivae
- Scapula, scapulae
- Sclera, sclerae
Medical Rule 5: Change the ma or oma ending to mata
- Carcinoma, carcinomata
- Condyloma, condylomata
- Fibroma, fibromata
- Leiomyoma, leiomyomata
- Note: English plural is also acceptable (e.g., carcinomas, leiomyomas, fibromas)
Medical Rule 7: Change the nx ending to g and add es
- Larynx, larynges
- Phalanx, phalanges
Medical Rule 3: Change the us ending to i
- Analysis, analyses
- Diagnosis, diagnoses
- Exostosis, exostoses
- Metastasis, metastases
- Prognosis, prognoses
- Testis, testes
Medical Rule 6: Change the yx, ax, or ix ending to c and add es
- Appendix, appendices
- Calyx, calyces
- Calix, calices
- Thorax, thoraces
Medical Rule 2: Change the um ending to a
- Alveolus, alveoli
- Bronchus, bronchi
- Coccus, cocci
- Embolus, emboli
- Fungus, fungi
- Glomerulus, glomeruli
- Meniscus, menisci
- Syllabus, syllabi (or syllabuses)
Medical Rule 4: Change the is ending to es
- Acetabulum, acetabula
- Antrum, antra
- Atrium, atria
- Bacterium, bacteria
- Diverticulum, diverticula
- Labium, labia
- Medium, media
English Rule 2: Add es when a term ends in s, x, ch, or sh
- Crutch, crutches
- Distress, distresses
- Patch, patches
- Stress, stresses
English Rule 3: Change the y to I and add es when a term ends in y after a consonant
- Artery, arteries
- Bronchoscopy, bronchoscopies
- Endoscopy, endoscopies
- Ovary, ovaries
- Therapy, therapies
English Rule 4: Add nes when a term ends in o after a consonant
- Comedo, comedones
- Exceptions: Embryo, embryos
- Placebo, placebos
- CVA, CVAs
- EEG, EEGs
- WBC, WBCs
Abbreviations and Terms
- Afferent: towards the center
- Efferent: away from the center
- Pons: bridge
- Vas: vessel
- CNS: central nervous system
- PCP: pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
- PE: physical examination
- EEG: electroencephalogram
- PFT: pulmonary function test
- PM: after death (post mortem)
- PNS: peripheral nervous system
- PO: by mouth (per os)
- Poly: polymorphonuclear leukocyte; neutrophil
- PP: after a meal (post prandial)
- Prep: prepare
- PR: pro time (prothrombin time)
- PT: prothrombin time
- Pts: patients
- Rx: treatment
Introduction to Medical Terminology
- Medical terminology is made up of terms that describe human anatomy and physiology, body locations, diseases, clinical, diagnostic imaging and laboratory testing, together with clinical procedures, surgeries, and diagnoses.
- 75% of all medical terms are derived from Greek and Latin words.
Etymology
- The study of the history of words, their origins, and how their form and meaning have changed over time.
- Eponyms: words named after people
- Acronyms: modern language terms that stand for longer phrases.
Parts of Medical Terms
- Rootword: central meaning of a term, conveyed by a word element
- Prefix: gives a clue into what to expect in a word's meaning
- Suffix: tells what is happening with a specific body part or system
Allied Health Professionals
- Nursing Assistant: performs routine patient care tasks under the supervision of a registered nurse
- Nutritionist: person professionally trained to work on the procedures of the use of food for therapeutic purposes in the management of persons suffering from a disease
- Orthopedic Surgeon: physician specializing in surgical treatment of diseases of the bones and joints
- Osteopath: doctor of osteopathy; physician specializing in the treatment of disorders by ensuring proper formation and alignment of the muscles and bones as well as by traditional methods
- Otolaryngologist: physician specializing in diseases of the head and neck, especially the ears and respiratory system
- Paramedic: person trained to provide emergency care to patients being transported to a hospital
- Pathologist: physician specializing in the diagnosis of disease by means of clinical and laboratory studies of tissues and cells
- Pediatrician: physician specializing in the treatment of children
- Periodontist: dentist specializing in the treatment of diseases affecting the structures that support the teeth, such as the gums
- Pharmacist: person professionally trained to dispense medications and advise patients on their use
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