Medical Terminology Definitions

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Questions and Answers

What is Amniocentesis?

Taking a fluid sample between the 15th and the 16th week of pregnancy to diagnose congenital anomalies.

What is a bicornate uterus?

A uterus having two horns or horn-shaped branches.

What is a neonate?

Newborn baby.

What is dysplasia?

<p>Marked by abnormal adult cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is muscular dystrophy?

<p>Progressive degeneration and weakening of the skeletal muscles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is dystrophy?

<p>Condition produced by faulty nutrition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are contractures?

<p>Immobility of muscles or a joint caused by shortening or wasting of tissue or muscle fibers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is electromyography?

<p>An electrodiagnostic assessment of the activity of the skeletal muscles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are meninges?

<p>Covering around the brain and the spinal cord.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does anencephalic mean?

<p>No cranial vault and little cerebral tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Foramen Ovale?

<p>Opening in the septum between the right and left atria of the fetal heart.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does acyanotic mean?

<p>Absence of a bluish appearance of the skin and mucous membranes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is adenosarcoma?

<p>A cancerous gland-like tumor such as Wilms' tumor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does azoospermia mean?

<p>An absence of spermatozoa in the seaman.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meconium?

<p>The first stool of a newborn, greenish black with a tarry consistency.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the pylorus?

<p>The narrow part of the stomach toward the duodenum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is stenosis?

<p>Narrowing of an opening.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Tachypnea?

<p>Rapid and shallow breathing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Trisomy?

<p>One or more than the normal number of chromosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Anticholinesterase?

<p>Any enzyme that counteracts in the presence of choline esters.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does autoimmune mean?

<p>An immune response resulting in the presence of self-antigens or auto-antigens of certain body cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Candidiasis?

<p>(Moniliasis) white, cheesy, curdlike patch on buccal mucosa due to superficial fungal infection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is collagen?

<p>A protein fiber with a unique triple-helix that gives it great strength. Tissues with a lot of collagen fibers are typically very strong, e.g. bone, tendons, ligaments, etc.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does hematopoietic mean?

<p>Pertaining to the production and the development of blood cells or a substance that stimulates their production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Hypogammaglobulinemia?

<p>A below normal concentration of gamma globulin in the blood associated with a decreased resistance to infection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Immunocompetent mean?

<p>Immunodeficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Immunodeficiency?

<p>The diminished ability of the immune system to react with appropriate cellular immunity response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Immunoelectrophoresis?

<p>Technique used to separate and allow identification of complex proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an immunogen?

<p>An antigen</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Immunoglobulin?

<p>Protein that can act as an antibody</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does immunosuppressive mean?

<p>Having the property of suppressing the bodys immune response to antigens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Keratoconjunctivitis?

<p>Dryness of the conjunctiva resulting from a decrease in lacrimal function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is lymph?

<p>A mostly clear, colorless, transparent, alkaline fluid found within the lymphatic vessels; formed in tissues throughout the body.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Lymphadenopathy?

<p>Disease of the lymphnodes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a lymphocyte?

<p>One of two types of (B Cells &amp; T Cells) of leukocytes found in blood, lymph, and lymphoid tissue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a macrophage?

<p>A monocyte blood cell.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are phagocytes?

<p>Cells that digest particles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Phagocytosis?

<p>The process by which cells surround and digest certain particles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Corticotropin?

<p>Hormone secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Epiphyseal mean?

<p>The long end of a bone where bone growth occurs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Hyperglycemia?

<p>An increase in the normal blood glucose level.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Hypothalamus?

<p>Portion of the diencephalon of the brain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Panhypopituitarism?

<p>Condition in which the entire pituitary gland ceases to function and is not producing any pituitary hormones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Polydipsia?

<p>Excessive thirst</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Pruritus?

<p>Itching</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Radioimmunoassay?

<p>Radiology used to detect the concentration of the antigen or the antibody or any other protein in the serum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Thyrotoxicosis?

<p>A toxic condition caused by hyperactivity of the thyroid gland.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Thyrotropin?

<p>Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Triiodothyronine?

<p>Hormone that helps regulate growth and development, metabolism, and body temperature.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Vasopressin?

<p>ADH. Increases blood volume. Secreted by Posterior pituitary in response to increased plasma osmolarity. Diaretics make you pee ADH - no pee. ADH stimulates reabsorption of H2O by kidnesy. Decreased urine volume, Increased blood volume and Increased Blood pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Amblyopia?

<p>Reduced vision in an eye without a detectable organic lesion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Blepharitis?

<p>Inflammation of the eyelids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Cryotherapy?

<p>The therapeutic use of cold.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a macula?

<p>A small spot or colored area.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a Meibomian gland?

<p>A sebaceous gland on the posterior margin of each eyelid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Myringotomy?

<p>Surgical incision of the eardrum preformed to release fluid or pus from the middle ear.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is retinopathy?

<p>Refers to non-inflammatory eye disorders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Seborrhea?

<p>The excessive secretion of sebum from the sebaceous glands.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Tonometry?

<p>Measure of intraocular pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Tympanoplasty?

<p>Surgical repair of the eardrum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Vertigo?

<p>Loss of equilibrium or sensation of instability, dizziness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Cellulitis?

<p>An acute, diffuse, spreading, infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a Comedo?

<p>A blackhead; as seen in achne.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Electrodesiccation?

<p>Tissue is destroyed by burning with an electric spark.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are Exudate?

<p>Fluid, cells, or cellular debris that have oozed into the tissue because of injury or swelling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Exudative mean?

<p>Fluid, cells, or cellular debris that have oozed into the tissue because of injury or swelling.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a Fissure?

<p>A crack or groove on a surface.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Keratolytic?

<p>Substance that causes shedding of the skin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are Plaques?

<p>Mounds of fat, mixed with minerals, that build up along artery walls in atherosclerosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does sebaceous mean?

<p>Oil glands of the skin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Vesicular mean?

<p>Breath sounds: found over most of lung tissue. Found over lung periphery. Low pitched, soft breezy sound.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Avulsion?

<p>Separation of a body part by tearing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Calcitonin?

<p>A hormone produced by the C-cells of the thyroid gland that decreases serum calcium levels. It targets the bones (stimulates osteoblasts), the kidneys (reduces calcium reabsorption), and the small intestine (decreases calcium absorption).</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is crepitation?

<p>Dry, grating sound or sensation caused by bone ends rubbing together, indicating a fracture or joint destruction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Fascia?

<p>A fiberous membrane that covers, seperates, and supports the muscles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is azoospermia?

<p>An absence of spermatozoa in the semen</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is immunocompetent?

<p>Immunodeficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a otoscopy?

<p>Visual examination of the ear using an otoscope</p> Signup and view all the answers

Define acyanotic.

<p>Absence of a bluish appearance of the skin and mucous membranes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does hematopoietic pertain to?

<p>Pertaining to the production and the development of blood cells or a substance that stimulates their production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is epiphyseal?

<p>The long end of a bone where bone growth occurs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an iridotomy?

<p>Incision into the iris (usually with a laser) to allow drainage of aqueous humor from the posterior to anterior chamber; used to treat a type of glaucoma.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a meibomian?

<p>A sebaceous gland on the posterior margin of each eyelid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are sebaceous glands?

<p>Oil glands of the skin.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Amniocentesis

Taking a fluid sample between the 15th and 16th week of pregnancy to diagnose congenital anomalies.

Bicornate uterus

A uterus having two horns or horn-shaped branches.

Neonate

Newborn baby

Dysplasia

Marked by abnormal adult cells.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Muscular dystrophy

Progressive degeneration and weakening of the skeletal muscles.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Dystrophy

Condition produced by faulty nutrition.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Contractures

Immobility of muscles or a joint caused by shortening or wasting of tissue or muscle fibers.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Electromyography

An electrodiagnostic assessment of the activity of the skeletal muscles.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Meninges

Covering around the brain and the spinal cord.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Anecephalic

No cranial vault and little cerebral tissue.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Foramen Ovale

Opening in the septum between the right and left atria of the fetal heart.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Acyanotic

Absence of a bluish appearance of the skin and mucous membranes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Adenosarcoma

A cancerous gland-like tumor such as Wilms' tumor.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ataxic

Uncoordinated gait associated with pathology of the central nervous system.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Azoospermia

An absence of spermatozoa in the semen.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Meconium

The first stool of a newborn, greenish black with a tarry consistency.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Pylorus

The narrow part of the stomach toward the duodenum.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Stenosis

Narrowing of an opening.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Tachypnea

Rapid and shallow breathing.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Trisomy

One or more than the normal number of chromosomes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Anticholinesterase

Any enzyme that counteracts in the presence of choline esters.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Autoimmune

An immune response resulting in the presence of self-antigens or auto-antigens of certain body cells.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Candidiasis

(Moniliasis) white,cheesy, curdlike patch on buccal mucosa due to superficial fungal infection.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Collagen

A protein fiber with a unique triple-helix that gives it great strength; found in bone, tendons, ligaments, etc.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hematopoietic

Pertaining to the production and development of blood cells.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hypogammaglobulinemia

A below normal concentration of gamma globulin in the blood, associated with a decreased resistance to infection.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Immunodeficiency

The diminished ability of the immune system to react with appropriate cellular immunity response.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Immunoelectrophoresis

Technique used to separate and allow identification of complex proteins.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Immunogen

An antigen.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Immunoglobulin

Protein that can act as an antibody.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Immunosuppressive

Having the property of suppressing the body's immune response to antigens.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Keratoconjunctivitis

Dryness of the conjunctiva resulting from a decrease in lacrimal function.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Lymph

A mostly clear, colorless, transparent, alkaline fluid found within the lymphatic vessels.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Lymphadenopathy

Disease of the lymph nodes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Lymphocyte

One of two types of (B cells & T cells) of leukocytes found in blood, lymph, and lymphoid tissue.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Macrophage

A monocyte blood cell.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Phagocytes

Cells that digest particles.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Phagocytosis

The process by which cells surround and digest certain particles.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Acidosis

Pathologic disease resulting from an abnormal level of hydrogen ions (decrease in pH).

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cortocotropin

Hormone secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Epiphyseal

The long end of a bone where bone growth occurs.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Gonadotropin

Hormone that stimulates the testes and the ovaries to function.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hyperglycemia

An increase in the normal blood glucose level.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hyperkalemia

A greater than normal amount of calcium in the blood.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Hypocalcemia

Low calcium levels in the blood.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Panhypopituitarism

Condition in which the entire pituitary gland ceases to function and is not producing any pituitary hormones.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Polydipsia

Excessive thirst.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Polyphagia

Excessive eating

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

  • Amniocentesis involves taking a fluid sample between the 15th and 16th week of pregnancy to diagnose congenital anomalies.
  • A bicornuate uterus is a uterus with two horns or horn-shaped branches.
  • Neonate refers to a newborn baby.
  • Dysplasia is characterized by abnormal adult cells.
  • Muscular dystrophy is a condition marked by progressive degeneration and weakening of skeletal muscles.
  • Dystrophy is a condition resulting from faulty nutrition.
  • Contractures involve the immobility of muscles or a joint due to shortening or wasting of tissue or muscle fibers.
  • Electromyography is an electrodiagnostic assessment of skeletal muscle activity.
  • Meninges are the covering around the brain and spinal cord.
  • Anencephalic refers to the absence of a cranial vault and presence of only little cerebral tissue.
  • Foramen ovale is an opening in the septum between the right and left atria of the fetal heart.
  • Acyanotic indicates the absence of a bluish appearance in the skin and mucous membranes.
  • Adenosarcoma is a cancerous gland-like tumor, such as Wilms' tumor.
  • Ataxic refers to an uncoordinated gait associated with central nervous system pathology.
  • Azoospermia is the absence of spermatozoa in semen.
  • Meconium is a newborn's first stool, which is greenish-black with a tarry consistency.
  • Pylorus is the narrow part of the stomach toward the duodenum.
  • Stenosis is the narrowing of an opening.
  • Tachypnea is rapid and shallow breathing.
  • Trisomy is the presence of one or more extra chromosomes than the normal number.
  • Anticholinesterase is any enzyme that counteracts in the presence of choline esters.
  • Autoimmune is an immune response resulting in the presence of self-antigens or auto-antigens of certain body cells.
  • Candidiasis (moniliasis) appears as a white, cheesy, curd-like patch on the buccal mucosa due to superficial fungal infection.
  • Collagen is a strong protein fiber with a unique triple-helix found in tissues like bone, tendons, and ligaments.
  • Hematopoietic pertains to the production and development of blood cells or a substance that stimulates their production.
  • Hypogammaglobulinemia is a below-normal concentration of gamma globulin in the blood, leading to decreased resistance to infection.
  • Immunodeficiency is the diminished ability of the immune system to react with an appropriate cellular immunity response.
  • Immunoelectrophoresis is a technique to separate and identify complex proteins.
  • Immunogen is an antigen.
  • Immunoglobulin is a protein that can act as an antibody.
  • Immunosuppressive refers to the property of suppressing the body's immune response to antigens.
  • Keratoconjunctivitis is dryness of the conjunctiva resulting from a decrease in lacrimal function.
  • Lymph is a mostly clear, colorless, transparent, alkaline fluid found within the lymphatic vessels in tissues throughout the body.
  • Lymphadenopathy is a disease of the lymph nodes.
  • Lymphocytes are B cells and T cells, types of leukocytes found in blood, lymph, and lymphoid tissue.
  • Macrophage is a monocyte blood cell.
  • Phagocytes are cells that digest particles.
  • Phagocytosis is the process by which cells surround and digest certain particles.
  • Acidosis is a pathologic condition resulting from an abnormal level of hydrogen ions, leading to a decrease in pH.
  • Corticotropin is a hormone secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland.
  • Epiphyseal refers to the long end of a bone where bone growth occurs.
  • Gonadotropin is a hormone that stimulates the testes and ovaries to function.
  • Hyperglycemia is an increase in the normal blood glucose level.
  • Hyperkalemia is a greater-than-normal amount of calcium in the blood.
  • Hypocalcemia is low calcium levels in the blood.
  • Hypothalamus is a portion of the diencephalon of the brain.
  • Panhypopituitarism is a condition in which the entire pituitary gland ceases to function and does not produce any pituitary hormones.
  • Polydipsia is excessive thirst.
  • Polyphagia is excessive eating.
  • Polyuria is the excretion of abnormally large amounts of urine.
  • Pruritus is itching.
  • Radioimmunoassay is radiology used to detect the concentration of an antigen, antibody, or any other protein in the serum.
  • Somatotropin is growth hormone (GH) secreted by the anterior pituitary.
  • Thyrotoxicosis is a toxic condition caused by hyperactivity of the thyroid gland.
  • Thyrotropin is thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH).
  • Thyroxine, also called thyroid hormone, is produced and secreted by follicle cells in the thyroid gland. It targets all cells in the body and increases overall body metabolism.
  • Triiodothyronine is a hormone that helps regulate growth and development, metabolism, and body temperature.
  • Vasopressin (ADH) increases blood volume and is secreted by the posterior pituitary in response to increased plasma osmolarity, stimulating reabsorption of H2O by the kidneys.
  • Amblyopia is reduced vision in an eye without a detectable organic lesion.
  • Blepharitis is inflammation of the eyelids.
  • Cryotherapy is the therapeutic use of cold.
  • Diplopia is double vision.
  • Iridotomy is an incision into the iris, usually with a laser, to allow drainage of aqueous humor; it is used to treat glaucoma.
  • Macula is a small spot or colored area.
  • Meibomian refers to a sebaceous gland on the posterior margin of each eyelid.
  • Myringotomy is the surgical incision of the eardrum to release fluid or pus from the middle ear.
  • Otoscopy is the visual examination of the ear using an otoscope.
  • Retinopathy refers to non-inflammatory eye disorders.
  • Seborrhea is the excessive secretion of sebum from the sebaceous glands.
  • Sebum is the oily secretion from sebaceous glands.
  • Tinnitus is ringing or buzzing in the ears.
  • Tonometry is the measurement of intraocular pressure.
  • Tympanoplasty is the surgical repair of the eardrum.
  • Vertigo is the loss of equilibrium or sensation of instability, also known as dizziness.
  • Bulla is a fluid-filled blister that is greater than 1 cm in diameter and contains non-purulent exudate.
  • Cellulitis is an acute, diffuse, spreading infection of the skin and subcutaneous tissue.
  • Comedo is a blackhead, as seen in acne.
  • Dermatome is a configured zone of skin innervated by a spinal cord segment.
  • Electrodesiccation involves tissue destruction by burning with an electric spark.
  • Erythema is redness or inflammation of the skin produced by capillary congestion.
  • Exudate is fluid, cells, or cellular debris that has oozed into the tissue because of injury or swelling.
  • Fissure is a crack or groove on a surface.
  • Keratolytic is a substance that causes shedding of the skin.
  • Keratosis is a skin lesion where there is overgrowth and thickening of a cornified epithelium.
  • Nevus is a mole, or circumscribed skin lesion, due to excess melanocytes.
  • Papule is a circular area on the skin that is reddened and elevated.
  • Plaques are mounds of fat, mixed with minerals, that build up along artery walls in atherosclerosis.
  • Sebaceous refers to the oil glands of the skin.
  • Vesicle is a small, blister-like elevation of the skin containing clear fluid.
  • Vesicular breath sounds are found over most of the lung tissue; they are low-pitched, soft, and breezy.
  • Wheal is a smooth, round, elevated area of the skin with red edges and a white center, usually accompanied by itching (hives).
  • Avulsion is the separation of a body part by tearing.
  • Bursae are closed sacs lined with a synovial membrane and filled with fluid, found in areas subject to friction.
  • Calcitonin is a hormone produced by the C-cells of the thyroid gland that decreases serum calcium levels.
  • Crepitation is a dry, grating sound or sensation caused by bone ends rubbing together, indicating a fracture or joint destruction.
  • Fascia is a fibrous membrane that covers, separates, and supports the muscles.

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