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Questions and Answers
What anatomical direction refers to the front of the body?
What anatomical direction refers to the front of the body?
Which body cavity contains organs such as the heart and lungs?
Which body cavity contains organs such as the heart and lungs?
The hypochondriac region is located in which quadrant of the abdomen?
The hypochondriac region is located in which quadrant of the abdomen?
Which term refers to a position with the patient lying face down?
Which term refers to a position with the patient lying face down?
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Which anatomical root refers to the hand and foot extremities?
Which anatomical root refers to the hand and foot extremities?
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What is the component of medical terminology that holds the most basic meaning of any word?
What is the component of medical terminology that holds the most basic meaning of any word?
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Which rule is followed in English for forming plurals like 'vertebrae' from 'vertebra'?
Which rule is followed in English for forming plurals like 'vertebrae' from 'vertebra'?
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Which term refers to the rules in medical terminology for forming plurals?
Which term refers to the rules in medical terminology for forming plurals?
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What is the suffix commonly used in medical terms to denote a condition or disease?
What is the suffix commonly used in medical terms to denote a condition or disease?
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Which of the following is a common root word related to the chest area?
Which of the following is a common root word related to the chest area?
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Which directional terms are used to describe parts that are closer to the midline of the body or a specific structure?
Which directional terms are used to describe parts that are closer to the midline of the body or a specific structure?
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Study Notes
Medical Terminology
- Medical terminology is a system of words and phrases used to describe the human body and its functions
- It consists of three components: prefix, root, and suffix
- Prefixes are placed at the beginning of the word and provide additional information
- Roots hold the most basic meaning of any word
- Suffixes are placed at the end of the word and provide additional information
Forming Plurals
- Medical and English rules for forming plurals:
- a to ae (axilla - axillae, scapula - scapulae)
- um to a (jejunum - jejuna, ileum - ilea)
- us to i (thrombus - thrombi, alveolus - alveoli)
- is to es (diagnosis - diagnoses, metastasis - metastases)
- ma/oma to mata (sarcoma - sarcomata, carcinoma - carcinomata)
- on to a (ganglion - ganglia, spermatozoon - spermatozoa)
- yx, ax, ix to x + “es” (appendix - appendices, thorax - thoraces)
- ex to i, x to c + “es” (vortex - vortices, cortex - cortices)
- nx, s, x, ch, sh to x + “es” (larynx - larynges, pharynx - pharynges)
- x to g + “es” (eye - eyes, vein - veins)
- y (after a consonant) to i + “es” (artery - arteries, capillary - capillaries)
- Lowercase abbreviations/acronyms add “s” with (‘) (rbc’s, wbc’s)
- Uppercase abbreviations/acronyms add “s” without (‘) (OCPs, EEGs, ABGs)
Combining Forms and Pronunciation
- Combining forms: electrocardiogram
- Combining vowels and pronunciation rules
- Silent letters and unusual pronunciations:
- ch - k
- dys - dis
- eu - u
- gn - n
- ph - f
- pn - n
Prefixes and Suffixes
- Common prefixes:
- AN-, A-
- ECTO-, EXO-
- INTRA-, AB-
- ENDO-, NEO-
- AD-, HEMI-, NULLI-
- ANTE-, PRE-
- HYPER-, PERI-
- ANTI-, CONTRA-
- HYPO-, POST-
- BI-, DYS-
- INFRA-, INTER-
- RETRO-, TRANS-
- Common suffixes:
- -AC, -IC, -AL, -OUS
- -ATE, -IZE
- -ECTOMY, -GRAM
- -OLOGY, -GRAPH
- -OMA, -GRAPHY
- -ISM, -SCOPE
- -OTOMY, -OSTOMY
- -ENT, -ER, -IST
- -ITIS, -PATHY
- -GENIC, -OLOGIST
- -PHOBIA, -SCOPY
Root Words
- Common root words:
- ABDOMIN/O
- ADEN/O
- DORS/O
- ENCEPHAL/O
- ANTER/O
- ARETRI/O
- GASTR/O
- HEMAT/O
- AUDI/O
- BRACHI/O
- HIST/O
- INTESTIN/O
- LYMPH/O
- MY/O
- NEUR/O
- OCUL/O
- BRONCH/O/IO
- CARCIN/O
- CARDI/O
- COL/O
- CYT/O
- DERM/A/O
- OPTHALM/O
- OPT/O
- GYNEC/O
- OR/O
- PULMON/O
- OT/O
- THORAC/O
- PATH/O
- PHARMAC/O
- VENTR/O
Body Structures
- Directional terms:
- Anatomical position
- Anatomical directions: anterior, medial, proximal, posterior, lateral, distal
- Body planes: sagittal, frontal, transverse
- Body cavities:
- Ventral cavity
- Dorsal cavity
- Abdominal regions: hypochondriac, epigastric, umbilical, inguinal
- Positions:
- Lithotomy position
- Fowler's position
- Lateral recumbent or Sims' position
- Supine position
- Prone position
- Trendelenburg's position
- Head and trunk regions (roots): CEPHAL/O, CERVIC/O, THORAC/O, ABDOMIN/O, CELI/O, LAPAR/O, LUMB/O, PERITON
- Extremities (roots): ACRO, BRACHI/O, DACTYL/O, PED/O, POD/O
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Description
Learn about medical terminology components like prefixes, roots, and suffixes, along with rules for forming plurals in medical and English terms. Explore hyperthyroidism and examples of word transformation.
