Medical Terminology Chapters 2-4 Flashcards

Medical Terminology Key Terms

• Amniocentesis: Surgical procedure to extract fluid from the abdomen for diagnostic purposes.

• Tonsillitis: Inflammation of the lymph tissue located in the throat.

• Prolapse: Medical term denoted by the suffix -ptosis, indicating a downward displacement of an organ.

• Ischemia: Condition where blood is restricted or withheld from a particular area.

• Necr/o: Prefix that denotes death in medical terms.

• Acromegaly: Abnormal enlargement of extremities occurring after puberty, typically caused by a pituitary gland disorder.

• Otalgia: Medical term for pain in the ear.

• Chronic: Describes a condition that persists over a long period.

• Arteriole: A small artery that branches off from a larger artery.

• -scope: Suffix indicating an instrument designed for visual examination.

• Cystocele: Condition characterized by a hernia in the urinary bladder.

• Multiple Myeloma: A type of cancer that forms in the bone marrow.

• Myelogram: An X-ray record specifically of the spinal cord.

• -cocci: Suffix referring to berry-shaped bacteria.

• Polymorphonuclear leukocyte: Another term for neutrophil, a type of white blood cell.

• -graph: Suffix indicating an instrument that records data.

• -oid: Suffix that indicates resemblance to something.

• Leukocyte: General term for white blood cells, including eosinophils.

• Laryngectomy: Surgical removal of the larynx or voice box.

• Angioplasty: Surgical procedure aimed at repairing blood vessels.

• Lymphocyte: A type of blood cell responsible for producing antibodies.

• -sclerosis: Opposite of -malacia, indicating hardening of tissue.

• Hypertrophy: Excessive development or increase in the size of cells.

• -therapy: Suffix indicating treatment.

• -stomy: Suffix meaning a surgical creation of a permanent opening.

• Intercostal: Refers to positioning between the ribs.

• Contralateral: Pertaining to the opposite side of the body.

• Exophthalmos: Condition characterized by protrusion of the eyeball.

• Syndactyly: A congenital anomaly where fingers or toes are fused together.

• Symbiosis: A relationship between organisms, with parasitism as a specific example.

• Prodrome: Early symptoms that appear before the onset of an illness.

• Ante Cibum: Term indicating before meals.

• Antibodies: Proteins produced by leukocytes that combat antigens.

• Symphysis: Condition where bones grow together, notably in the pelvis.

• Ultrasonography: Imaging technique using sound waves and echoes to produce visual images.

• Metamorphosis: Process involving a change in shape or form.

• Hyperglycemia: Condition marked by excessive sugar levels in the blood.

• Retroperitoneal: Describes anatomical structures located behind the abdomen.

• Antigens: Molecules that trigger an immune response, such as those found in streptococci.

• Relapse: Return of disease symptoms after a period of improvement.

• Dia-: Prefix meaning complete or through.

• Abductor muscle: Muscle functionally carrying a limb away from the body.

• Dyspnea: Medical term for difficulty in breathing.

• Brady-: Prefix meaning slow.

• Parathyroid glands: Located dorsally within the neck, these glands regulate calcium levels.

• Recombinant DNA: Genetic material produced artificially by combining DNA from different organisms.

• Tachycardia: Condition characterized by an abnormally rapid heartbeat.

• Epithelium: Tissue composed of surface cells lining internal organs and covering the skin.

• Percutaneous: Procedure performed through the skin.

• Adipose: Tissue that pertains to fat storage.

• Cartilage: Flexible connective tissue found at the joints.

• Chondrosarcoma: A malignant tumor arising from cartilage tissue.

• Chromosomes: Rod-shaped structures within the nucleus containing genetic material.

• Craniotomy: Surgical procedure involving the incision of the skull.

• Epithelial Cells: Cells that cover the external body surface and line internal organs.

• Histology: The study of biological tissues, their structure, and function.