Medical Terminology Chapter 9 Flashcards

Muscle Terminology

• Combining Form for Muscle: muscul/o
• Muscular: Relates to muscles (muscul/o) and indicates a connection (ar).
• Muscle Terms: my/o, myos/o, muscul/o refer to muscle tissue.
• Musculature: System composed of muscles (muscul/o and -ature).
• Musculoskeletal: Relates to muscle (muscul/o) and skeleton (skelet/o) structures.

Muscle Control & Structure

• Voluntary Muscle Control: muscle activity under personal free will (volunt/o)
• Striated Muscle: Muscle fibers characterized by multiple nuclei and color bands.
• Tendinous Structure: Pertains to tendons (tendin/o) and their attributes (-ous).

Insertion and Action

• Insertion: The action of introducing or putting in (insert/o).
• Bursa: Latin singular for bursae; a synovial membrane sac that cushions tendon-bone areas near limb joints.

Connective Tissues

• Fascial: Pertains to fascia (fasci/o), a thin connective tissue joining with tendons.
• Aponeurosis: A fibrous sheet of connective tissue attaching flat muscles to bones or deeper muscles.

Key Muscles

• Biceps Brachii: Composed of two heads (bi-) in the arm (brachii).
• Brachioradialis: Muscle connecting the arm (branchi/o) with the forearm bone (radi/o).
• Extensor Digitorum: Muscle responsible for straightening digits (extens/o), actively produces movement.
• Flexor Halluces Brevis: Short muscle that flexes the big toe (halluces).
• Gluteus Maximus: Large muscle of the buttocks (gluteus).
• Rectus Abdominis: Muscle that runs straight up and down in the abdomen.

Movement Terminology

• Flexion: Bending a joint to decrease the angle between body parts (flex/o).
• Extension: Straightening a joint to increase the angle (extens/o).
• Abduction: Movement away from the body’s midline (ab-).
• Adduction: Movement toward the midline (ad-).
• Rotation: Moving a body part around its axis.

Procedures and Conditions

• Myorrhaphy: Surgical procedure to suture torn muscle.
• Tenorrhaphy: Surgical procedure to suture torn tendon.
• Fibromyalgia: Chronic pain in specific muscle trigger points, cause often unidentified.
• Supination: Lying on the back or turning the palm upward (supinat/o).
• Pronation: Lying facedown or turning the palm downward (pronat/o).
• Eversion: Movement of a body part outward, away from the midline.
• Inversion: Movement of a body part inward, towards the midline.

Muscle Diseases

• Myasthenia Gravis: Condition characterized by abnormal fatigue in facial muscles (asthen/o).
• Myopathy: Encompasses various muscle diseases.
• Myositis: Inflammation of muscle leads to localized swelling and tenderness.
• Polymyositis: A chronic progressive inflammatory muscle disease.