Medical Terminology Chapter 5 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What is the gastrointestinal (GI) system?

A continuous tube beginning with the mouth and ending at the anus.

What is another name for the digestive system?

Alimentary canal.

What are the accessory organs of the digestive system?

Liver, gallbladder, pancreas.

What does stomatitis refer to?

Inflammation of the mouth. Signup and view all the answers

What does stomatalgia mean?

Pain in the mouth. Signup and view all the answers

What is another term for pain in the mouth?

Stomatodynia. Signup and view all the answers

What does stomatorraphy refer to?

Suture of the mouth. Signup and view all the answers

What does the combining form stomat/o mean?

The mouth. Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix -itis mean?

Inflammation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of the suffix -algia?

Pain. Signup and view all the answers

What is another meaning of the suffix -dynia?

Pain. Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix -rraphy indicate?

Suture. Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix -pathy indicate?

Disease state. Signup and view all the answers

What is stomatopathy?

Any disease of the mouth. Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix -plasty mean?

Surgical repair of the mouth. Signup and view all the answers

What does palat/o refer to?

Palate (the roof of the mouth). Signup and view all the answers

What does palatoplasty involve?

Surgical repair of the palate. Signup and view all the answers

What is gingivectomy?

Surgical removal of gum tissue. Signup and view all the answers

What does the combining form gingiv/o mean?

Gum. Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix -ectomy mean?

Excision. Signup and view all the answers

What is gingivitis?

Inflammation of the gums. Signup and view all the answers

What are the salivary glands?

Glands in the mouth that secrete saliva. Signup and view all the answers

What does the root sial mean?

Salivary glands. Signup and view all the answers

What is a sialolith?

Salivary stone. Signup and view all the answers

What does the combining form sial/o refer to?

Salivary. Signup and view all the answers

What does the root lith mean?

Stone. Signup and view all the answers

What is dysphagia?

Difficulty in swallowing or eating. Signup and view all the answers

What does the prefix dys- mean?

Difficult. Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix -phagia indicate?

Swallowing or eating. Signup and view all the answers

What does the combining form dent/o mean?

Teeth. Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix -ist refer to?

One who specializes in. Signup and view all the answers

What does the combining form odont/o mean?

Teeth. Signup and view all the answers

What does odontitis refer to?

Inflammation of the teeth. Signup and view all the answers

What is malocclusion?

Poorly aligned teeth. Signup and view all the answers

What does the prefix mal- mean?

Poor, bad, or difficult. Signup and view all the answers

What does occlusion mean in dentistry?

Alignment. Signup and view all the answers

What does dentalalgia mean?

Toothache. Signup and view all the answers

What is another term for toothache?

Odontalgia. Signup and view all the answers

What does prosthodontics refer to?

Adding teeth or replacing some or all of the teeth. Signup and view all the answers

What does the combining form prosth/o mean?

Add or replace. Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix -ics pertain to?

Condition of. Signup and view all the answers

What is oligodontia?

The condition of having fewer than the normal number of teeth. Signup and view all the answers

What does the combining form olig/o mean?

Few or scanty. Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix -ia signify?

Condition or pertaining to. Signup and view all the answers

What does the combining form gloss/o mean?

Tongue. Signup and view all the answers

What are glossalgia and glossodynia?

Two terms meaning pain in the tongue. Signup and view all the answers

What does glossitis mean?

Inflammation of the tongue. Signup and view all the answers

What does sublingual mean?

Under the tongue. Signup and view all the answers

What does the prefix sub- indicate?

Beneath. Signup and view all the answers

What does the combining form lingu/o mean?

Tongue. Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix -al pertain to?

Pertaining to. Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix -rrhaphy signify?

Suture. Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix -oma indicate?

Tumor. Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix -tomy refer to?

Incision. Signup and view all the answers

What is glossotomy?

Incision in the tongue. Signup and view all the answers

What does glossorrhaphy refer to?

Suture of the tongue. Signup and view all the answers

What is glossoma?

Tumor of the tongue. Signup and view all the answers

What is glossopathy?

Disease of the tongue. Signup and view all the answers

What does glossoplegia mean?

Paralysis of the tongue. Signup and view all the answers

What does the prefix hypo- mean?

Below or under. Signup and view all the answers

What does hypoglossal refer to?

Under the tongue. Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix -osis mean?

Condition of. Signup and view all the answers

What does glossosis refer to?

Any condition of the tongue. Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix -scope mean?

Instrument used to examine an object. Signup and view all the answers

What is a glossoscope?

An instrument for examining the tongue. Signup and view all the answers

What does the combining form cheil/o mean?

Lips. Signup and view all the answers

What does cheilosis refer to?

Any condition of the lips. Signup and view all the answers

What is cheilopathy?

Any disease of the lips. Signup and view all the answers

What does cheilitis mean?

Inflammation of the lips. Signup and view all the answers

What is cheilotomy?

Incision into the lips. Signup and view all the answers

What does cheiloplasty entail?

Plastic repair of lips. Signup and view all the answers

What is cheilostomatoplasty?

Plastic surgery of the lips and mouth. Signup and view all the answers

What does the combining form stomato mean?

Mouth. Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word plasty involve?

Plastic repair or surgery. Signup and view all the answers

What does buccal mean?

Pertaining to the cheek. Signup and view all the answers

What does the root word bucca refer to?

Cheek. Signup and view all the answers

What is pharyngocele?

Herniation of the throat. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term pharynx mean?

The throat. Signup and view all the answers

What does the combining form pharyng/o refer to?

Throat. Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix -cele mean?

Herniation. Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix -plegia signify?

Paralysis. Signup and view all the answers

What are pharynalgia and pharyngodynia?

Two terms meaning pain in the throat. Signup and view all the answers

What does pharyngoplegia refer to?

Paralysis of the pharyngeal muscles. Signup and view all the answers

What is pharyngitis?

Inflammation of the pharynx. Signup and view all the answers

What does pharyngectomy involve?

Excision of part of the pharynx. Signup and view all the answers

What does the pharynx separate from the mouth?

By the soft palate. Signup and view all the answers

What does uvulitis mean?

Inflammation of the uvula. Signup and view all the answers

What is uvulectomy?

Excision of the uvula. Signup and view all the answers

What does the esophagus refer to?

The passage extending from the pharynx to the stomach made of muscle and membranes. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term scope imply?

An instrument used for visual examination. Signup and view all the answers

What is an esophagoscope?

Instrument used for visual examination of the esophagus. Signup and view all the answers

What does esophagostenosis mean?

Narrowing of the esophagus. Signup and view all the answers

What is the combining form esophag/o?

Esophagus. Signup and view all the answers

What are esophagodynia and esophagalgia?

Pain in the esophagus. Signup and view all the answers

What does esophagitis mean?

Inflammation of the esophagus. Signup and view all the answers

What is esophagocele?

Herniation of the esophagus. Signup and view all the answers

What does the root gastr mean?

Stomach. Signup and view all the answers

What does gastritis refer to?

Inflammation of the stomach. Signup and view all the answers

What does gastroenteritis mean?

Inflammation of the stomach and small intestines. Signup and view all the answers

What does the combining form enter/o refer to?

Small intestine. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Gastrointestinal System

The gastrointestinal (GI) system is a continuous tube that starts at the mouth and ends at the anus.
Known also as the digestive system or alimentary canal.

Accessory Organs

Liver, gallbladder, and pancreas are considered accessory organs in digestion.

Stomatitis: Inflammation of the mouth.
Stomatalgia / Stomatodynia: Terms for pain in the mouth.
Stomatorraphy: Refers to the suture of the mouth.
Stomat/o: Combining form for "mouth."
Suffixes including -itis (inflammation), -algia (pain), -dynia (pain), -rraphy (suture), and -pathy (disease state) are common in medical terminology.

Oral and Dental Procedures

Stomatopathy: Any disease of the mouth.
Palat/o: Refers to the palate, with palatoplasty being the surgical repair of the palate.
Gingivectomy: Surgical removal of gum tissue.

Teeth and Oral Health

Gingiv/o: Means "gum."
Gingivitis: Inflammation of the gums.
Dysphagia: Refers to difficulty in swallowing or eating.
Dent/o and Odont/o: Combining forms meaning "teeth."
Dentalalgia / Odontalgia: Medical terms for toothache.
Malocclusion: Poorly aligned teeth, a condition often addressed in dentistry.

Surgical and Diagnostic Terms

Prosthodontics: Specialization focused on adding or replacing teeth.
Oligodontia: Condition of having fewer than usual teeth.

Gloss/o: Combining form for "tongue."
Terms include glossalgia (pain in the tongue), glossitis (inflammation), glossotomy (incision in the tongue), and glossorrhaphy (suture of the tongue).
Glosso- conditions may include glossoplegia (paralysis) and glossopathy (disease).

Lips and Throat Conditions

Cheil/o: Refers to lips.
Conditions such as cheilosis and cheilitis are forms of lip inflammation and disease.
Pharynx: The throat, associated with conditions like pharyngitis (inflammation) and pharyngocele (herniation).

Esophagus Terminology

Esophagus: The muscular tube from the throat to the stomach, susceptible to conditions like esophagitis (inflammation) and esophagostenosis (narrowing).
Esophagoscope: Instrument for examining the esophagus.

Stomach and Intestinal Health

Gastr/o: Root word for stomach; gastritis refers to its inflammation.
Gastroenteritis: Inflammation of both the stomach and the small intestines.
Enter/o: Combining form for small intestine.

Key Suffixes and Prefixes

-oma: Indicates a tumor.
-ectomy: Means excision.
-scope: Refers to an instrument used for examination.
hypo-: Prefix meaning below or under.

These terms and definitions are fundamental for understanding medical conditions and procedures related to the digestive system and oral health.

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Test your knowledge of medical terminology related to the gastrointestinal and digestive systems. This quiz includes key terms such as gastrointestinal system, digestive system, and important accessory organs. Ideal for students learning medical vocabulary.