Medical Terminology Chapter 4 Flashcards

Pain-Related Terms

• Arthralgia: Refers to joint pain, common in various conditions like arthritis.
• Ostealgia/Osteodynia: Indicates pain associated with bones, potentially linked to fractures or diseases like osteoporosis.
• Myalgia/Myodynia: Describes muscle pain, often resulting from overexertion or injury.
• Cephalagia/Cephalodynia: Commonly known as headache, can have multiple triggers including tension and migraines.
• Gastralgia: Refers to stomach pain, often linked to gastrointestinal disorders.
• Epigastralgia: Specifically indicates pain in the epigastric region, often associated with digestive issues.
• Otalgia/Otodynia: Denotes earache, which can arise from infections or discomfort in the ear structure.

Hernias

• Hernia: Involves protrusion of tissue through an abnormal opening, commonly seen in abdominal regions.
• Inguinal Hernia: Occurs when intestines push through the abdominal wall in the groin area, prevalent in males.
• Hiatal Hernia: Characterized by stomach protruding through the diaphragm, may cause gastroesophageal reflux.

Fluid and Vein Conditions

• Hydrocele: A pouch filled with fluid surrounding the testicle, often appearing in newborns.
• Varicocele: Abnormal enlargement of veins within the scrotum, can lead to fertility issues.
• Cystocele: Bladder bulging into the vagina, often results from childbirth or pelvic floor stress.
• Rectocele: Prolapse of the rectum into the vagina, generally due to weakened pelvic support.

Heart Conditions

• Bradycardia: A slower than normal heart rate, which can indicate various underlying health issues.
• Tachycardia: A faster heart rate, potentially signaling stress or heart disease.
• Arrhythmias/Dysrhythmia: Irregular heart rhythms that can lead to various health complications.

Respiratory and Neurological Terms

• Pneumonia: A lung infection leading to inflammation and difficulty breathing.
• Aphasia: Condition of inability to speak, often associated with stroke or brain injury.
• Dysphasia: Difficulty in speech production, usually linked to brain disorders.

Mental Health Conditions

• Schizophrenia: A severe mental disorder characterized by distorted thinking and perceptions.
• Dysthymia: Mild depression, less severe but more chronic than major depressive episodes.

Swallowing and Urination Issues

• Aphagia: Inability to swallow, often resulting from neurological disorders.
• Dysphagia: Difficulty swallowing can indicate a range of serious conditions.
• Polyuria: Excessive urination, often linked to diabetes insipidus or uncontrolled diabetes mellitus.
• Polydipsia: Excessive thirst, commonly found in diabetes.

Blood Conditions

• Hyperlipemia: Elevated levels of fat in the blood, risk factor for cardiovascular diseases.
• Glycemia: Refers to the presence of sugar in the blood, important for diabetes management.
• Hyperglycemia: Excess sugar levels in blood, indicative of uncontrolled diabetes.
• Hypoglycemia: Low blood sugar levels, can cause dizziness and confusion.

Inflammation Conditions

• Dermatitis: Inflammation of the skin, often due to allergic reactions or irritants.
• Rhinitis: Inflammation of nasal passages, typically due to allergies or infections.
• Pharyngitis: Sore throat due to inflammation, often viral or bacterial.

Joint and Organ Inflammation

• Arthritis: General term for joint inflammation affecting mobility.
• Osteoarthritis: Joint inflammation specifically involving degeneration of bone and cartilage.
• Hepatitis: Inflammation of the liver that can be caused by viruses or toxins.
• Appendicitis: Inflammation of the appendix requiring surgical intervention.

Growths and Tumors

• Neoplasia: Abnormal cell growth resulting in benign or malignant tumors.
• Carcinoma: Malignant epithelial tumors, often require aggressive treatment.
• Melanoma: Severe form of skin cancer characterized by unusual moles and skin changes.

Bone and Soft Tissue Conditions

• Osteomalacia: Softening of bones due to vitamin D deficiency, leading to increased fracture risk.
• Spondylosis: Degenerative condition affecting the vertebrae, often seen in older adults.

Conditions of the Nervous System

• Epilepsy: Chronic seizure disorder requiring management through medication.
• Narcolepsy: A sleep disorder marked by uncontrollable sleep attacks.

Conditions Affecting the Heart

• Myocardial Infarction: Commonly known as heart attack, results from blood flow obstruction causing heart muscle death.
• Cardiomegaly: Enlarged heart, can be due to high blood pressure or heart disease.

Kidney Conditions

• Nephrolithiasis: Presence of kidney stones which can cause severe pain.
• Cholelithiasis: Formation of gallstones, contributing to digestive issues.

Abnormal Growth Conditions

• Macrocytosis: Presence of large red blood cells, often linked to vitamin B12 deficiency.
• Microcytosis: Presence of small red blood cells, commonly found in iron deficiency anemia.

Vascular Conditions

• Stenosis: Abnormal narrowing of a structure, commonly seen in arteries leading to impaired blood flow.
• Thrombosis: Blood clot formation within a vessel, can lead to significant health issues.