Medical Terminology Chapter 4 Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What does arthralgia refer to?

Muscle pain

Joint pain (correct)

Headache

Bone pain

What is the term for bone pain?

ostealgia or osteodynia

What does myalgia mean?

muscle pain

What does cephalagia refer to?

headache Signup and view all the answers

What is gastralgia?

stomach pain Signup and view all the answers

What does epigastralgia refer to?

pain in the epigastrium Signup and view all the answers

What does otalgia mean?

earache Signup and view all the answers

What is a hernia?

pouching of a part from its normal location Signup and view all the answers

What does inguinal hernia mean?

pouching of the intestines through layers of the abdominal wall in the groin area Signup and view all the answers

What is a hiatal hernia?

protrusion of part of the stomach upward through the hiatus Signup and view all the answers

What is a hydrocele?

a pouching or hernia of the fluid in the testicle Signup and view all the answers

What does varicocele refer to?

swollen, twisted veins near the testicle Signup and view all the answers

What is a cystocele?

a sagging or pouching of the bladder into the vagina Signup and view all the answers

What does rectocele mean?

a sagging or pouching of the rectum into the vagina Signup and view all the answers

What does pelvic floor relaxation refer to?

a sagging or pouching of pelvic organs into the vagina Signup and view all the answers

What is bradycardia?

the condition of a slow heart rate Signup and view all the answers

What does tachycardia mean?

the condition of a fast heart rate Signup and view all the answers

What is an arrhythmia?

loss or abnormality of rhythm in heartbeat Signup and view all the answers

What does pneumonia refer to?

a condition of lung infection Signup and view all the answers

What is aphasia?

the condition of the inability to speak Signup and view all the answers

What does dysphasia mean?

the condition of difficulty speaking Signup and view all the answers

What is schizophrenia?

the mental illness in which the mind is said to be split from reality Signup and view all the answers

What does dysthymia refer to?

term for mild depression Signup and view all the answers

What is aphagia?

the condition in which one is unable to swallow Signup and view all the answers

What does dysphagia mean?

the condition of difficulty eating or swallowing Signup and view all the answers

What is polyuria?

the condition of excessive urination Signup and view all the answers

What does polydipsia refer to?

the condition of excessive thirst Signup and view all the answers

What does hyperlipemia mean?

a blood condition of excessive fat Signup and view all the answers

What is glycemia?

term of the presence of sugar in the blood Signup and view all the answers

What does hyperglycemia mean?

the term for an excessive amount of sugar in the blood Signup and view all the answers

What is hypoglycemia?

the term for low amounts of sugar in the blood Signup and view all the answers

What does hypoxemia refer to?

the term that describes a deficient level of oxygen in the blood Signup and view all the answers

What is anemia?

a condition of reduced numbers of red blood cells Signup and view all the answers

What does leukemia refer to?

a malignant disease of blood-forming organs Signup and view all the answers

What is ischemia?

the loss of blood flow to tissue Signup and view all the answers

What does bronchogenic mean?

that which originates in the bronchus Signup and view all the answers

What does iatrogenic mean?

that which is produced as a result of treatment Signup and view all the answers

What is dermatitis?

inflammation of the skin Signup and view all the answers

What does rhinitis refer to?

inflammation of the nose Signup and view all the answers

What is pharyngitis?

inflammation of the throat Signup and view all the answers

What does tonsillitis mean?

inflammation of the tonsils Signup and view all the answers

What is otitis?

inflammation of the ear Signup and view all the answers

What is pneumonitis?

inflammation of the lungs Signup and view all the answers

What does bronchitis refer to?

inflammation of the bronchi Signup and view all the answers

What does arthritis mean?

inflammation of the joints Signup and view all the answers

What is osteoarthritis?

inflammation of the bone and joints Signup and view all the answers

What does hepatitis refer to?

inflammation of the liver Signup and view all the answers

What is appendicitis?

inflammation of the appendix Signup and view all the answers

What does phlebitis mean?

inflammation of a vein Signup and view all the answers

What is thrombophlebitis?

inflammation of a vein with formation of a clot Signup and view all the answers

What does vaginitis refer to?

inflammation of the vagina Signup and view all the answers

What is salpingitis?

inflammation of the uterine tubes Signup and view all the answers

What does oophoritis mean?

inflammation of the ovaries Signup and view all the answers

What is endometritis?

inflammation of the endometrium Signup and view all the answers

What does pelvic inflammatory disease refer to?

inflammation of multiple organs in the pelvic cavity Signup and view all the answers

What is osteomalacia?

softening of the bone Signup and view all the answers

What does chondromalacia mean?

softening of the cartilage Signup and view all the answers

What is tracheomalacia?

a disorder of the trachea that causes it to be abnormally collapsible Signup and view all the answers

What does laryngomalacia mean?

a softened larynx Signup and view all the answers

What is necromania?

a condition of abnormal impulse toward death Signup and view all the answers

What does mania refer to?

a state of abnormal elation and increased activity Signup and view all the answers

What is manic depression?

a mental illness characterized by mood swings Signup and view all the answers

What does hepatomegaly mean?

enlargement of the liver Signup and view all the answers

What is splenomegaly?

enlargement of the spleen Signup and view all the answers

What does cardiomegaly refer to?

enlargement of the heart Signup and view all the answers

What is acromegaly?

the condition of enlarged extremities due to hypersecretion of growth hormone Signup and view all the answers

What does kyphosis mean?

abnormal posterior curvature of the thoracic spine Signup and view all the answers

What is lordosis?

abnormal anterior bend of the lumbar spine Signup and view all the answers

What does scoliosis refer to?

the condition of a lateral S-shaped curve of the spine Signup and view all the answers

What is neurosis?

any mental condition in which anxiety is a prominent feature Signup and view all the answers

What does psychosis mean?

a condition of the mind characterized by a distortion of reality Signup and view all the answers

What is nephrosis?

the condition of degeneration of the renal tubes Signup and view all the answers

What does spondylosis refer to?

a condition of the vertebrae Signup and view all the answers

What is endometriosis?

migration of portions of the endometrium outside the uterine cavity Signup and view all the answers

What does macrocytosis mean?

increase of large (red) cells Signup and view all the answers

What is microcytosis?

increase of small (red) cells Signup and view all the answers

What does leukocytosis refer to?

increase of white cells Signup and view all the answers

What is sclerosis?

general term for a condition of hardened tissue Signup and view all the answers

What does arteriosclerosis mean?

the condition of hardened arteries Signup and view all the answers

What is atherosclerosis?

the hardening of fatty paste within arteries Signup and view all the answers

What does stenosis refer to?

any abnormal narrowing of a structure Signup and view all the answers

What is thrombosis?

a condition of stationary clot formation Signup and view all the answers

What does necrosis refer to?

a condition of tissue death Signup and view all the answers

What is an infarct?

the scar left by necrosis Signup and view all the answers

What does myocardial infarction mean?

heart attack Signup and view all the answers

What does lithiasis refer to?

the formation or presence of stones Signup and view all the answers

What is microlithiasis?

the formation of small stones Signup and view all the answers

What does renal calculi mean?

kidney stones Signup and view all the answers

What does nephrolithiasis refer to?

the presence of one or more kidney stones Signup and view all the answers

What is cholelithiasis?

the formation or presence of gallstones Signup and view all the answers

What does seizure refer to?

a sudden disturbance in brain function Signup and view all the answers

What is epilepsy?

a condition characterized by recurrent seizures Signup and view all the answers

What does narcolepsy mean?

a sleep disorder characterized by sudden need to sleep Signup and view all the answers

What is neoplasia?

new formation of cells into tumors Signup and view all the answers

What does dysplasia refer to?

abnormal cell and tissue development Signup and view all the answers

What is carcinoma?

a cancerous epithelial tumor Signup and view all the answers

What does melanoma refer to?

malignant tumors of the skin Signup and view all the answers

What is osteoma?

a benign bone tumor Signup and view all the answers

What does osteosarcoma refer to?

a malignant bone tumor Signup and view all the answers

What is a myoma?

muscle tumor Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Arthralgia: Refers to joint pain, common in various conditions like arthritis.
Ostealgia/Osteodynia: Indicates pain associated with bones, potentially linked to fractures or diseases like osteoporosis.
Myalgia/Myodynia: Describes muscle pain, often resulting from overexertion or injury.
Cephalagia/Cephalodynia: Commonly known as headache, can have multiple triggers including tension and migraines.
Gastralgia: Refers to stomach pain, often linked to gastrointestinal disorders.
Epigastralgia: Specifically indicates pain in the epigastric region, often associated with digestive issues.
Otalgia/Otodynia: Denotes earache, which can arise from infections or discomfort in the ear structure.

Hernias

Hernia: Involves protrusion of tissue through an abnormal opening, commonly seen in abdominal regions.
Inguinal Hernia: Occurs when intestines push through the abdominal wall in the groin area, prevalent in males.
Hiatal Hernia: Characterized by stomach protruding through the diaphragm, may cause gastroesophageal reflux.

Fluid and Vein Conditions

Hydrocele: A pouch filled with fluid surrounding the testicle, often appearing in newborns.
Varicocele: Abnormal enlargement of veins within the scrotum, can lead to fertility issues.
Cystocele: Bladder bulging into the vagina, often results from childbirth or pelvic floor stress.
Rectocele: Prolapse of the rectum into the vagina, generally due to weakened pelvic support.

Heart Conditions

Bradycardia: A slower than normal heart rate, which can indicate various underlying health issues.
Tachycardia: A faster heart rate, potentially signaling stress or heart disease.
Arrhythmias/Dysrhythmia: Irregular heart rhythms that can lead to various health complications.

Respiratory and Neurological Terms

Pneumonia: A lung infection leading to inflammation and difficulty breathing.
Aphasia: Condition of inability to speak, often associated with stroke or brain injury.
Dysphasia: Difficulty in speech production, usually linked to brain disorders.

Mental Health Conditions

Schizophrenia: A severe mental disorder characterized by distorted thinking and perceptions.
Dysthymia: Mild depression, less severe but more chronic than major depressive episodes.

Swallowing and Urination Issues

Aphagia: Inability to swallow, often resulting from neurological disorders.
Dysphagia: Difficulty swallowing can indicate a range of serious conditions.
Polyuria: Excessive urination, often linked to diabetes insipidus or uncontrolled diabetes mellitus.
Polydipsia: Excessive thirst, commonly found in diabetes.

Blood Conditions

Hyperlipemia: Elevated levels of fat in the blood, risk factor for cardiovascular diseases.
Glycemia: Refers to the presence of sugar in the blood, important for diabetes management.
Hyperglycemia: Excess sugar levels in blood, indicative of uncontrolled diabetes.
Hypoglycemia: Low blood sugar levels, can cause dizziness and confusion.

Inflammation Conditions

Dermatitis: Inflammation of the skin, often due to allergic reactions or irritants.
Rhinitis: Inflammation of nasal passages, typically due to allergies or infections.
Pharyngitis: Sore throat due to inflammation, often viral or bacterial.

Joint and Organ Inflammation

Arthritis: General term for joint inflammation affecting mobility.
Osteoarthritis: Joint inflammation specifically involving degeneration of bone and cartilage.
Hepatitis: Inflammation of the liver that can be caused by viruses or toxins.
Appendicitis: Inflammation of the appendix requiring surgical intervention.

Growths and Tumors

Neoplasia: Abnormal cell growth resulting in benign or malignant tumors.
Carcinoma: Malignant epithelial tumors, often require aggressive treatment.
Melanoma: Severe form of skin cancer characterized by unusual moles and skin changes.

Bone and Soft Tissue Conditions

Osteomalacia: Softening of bones due to vitamin D deficiency, leading to increased fracture risk.
Spondylosis: Degenerative condition affecting the vertebrae, often seen in older adults.

Conditions of the Nervous System

Epilepsy: Chronic seizure disorder requiring management through medication.
Narcolepsy: A sleep disorder marked by uncontrollable sleep attacks.

Conditions Affecting the Heart

Myocardial Infarction: Commonly known as heart attack, results from blood flow obstruction causing heart muscle death.
Cardiomegaly: Enlarged heart, can be due to high blood pressure or heart disease.

Kidney Conditions

Nephrolithiasis: Presence of kidney stones which can cause severe pain.
Cholelithiasis: Formation of gallstones, contributing to digestive issues.

Abnormal Growth Conditions

Macrocytosis: Presence of large red blood cells, often linked to vitamin B12 deficiency.
Microcytosis: Presence of small red blood cells, commonly found in iron deficiency anemia.

Vascular Conditions

Stenosis: Abnormal narrowing of a structure, commonly seen in arteries leading to impaired blood flow.
Thrombosis: Blood clot formation within a vessel, can lead to significant health issues.

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Description

Enhance your understanding of key medical terms with this flashcard quiz focused on Chapter 4 of Medical Terminology. Each card presents a word along with its definition, ranging from conditions like joint pain to headaches. Perfect for students looking to solidify their medical vocabulary.