Medical Terminology Chapter 4 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

An injury to the body of the muscle or to the attachment of a tendon is known as a/an

strain

Pain in the leg muscles that occurs during exercise and is relieved by rest is known as

intermittent claudication

The term _____________ abnormally increased muscle function or activity.

hyperkinesia

A ________ is a sudden, involuntary contraction of one or more muscles.

spasm Signup and view all the answers

The term ___________ means the rupture or tearing of a muscle.

myorrhexis Signup and view all the answers

The condition of abnormal muscle tone that causes the impairment of voluntary muscle movement is known as

dystonia Signup and view all the answers

A/An _____________ injury can be a strain or tear on any of the three muscles that straighten the hip and bend the knee.

hamstring Signup and view all the answers

___________________ is total paralysis affecting only one side of the body

hemiplegia Signup and view all the answers

A_______________ is a drug that causes temporary paralysis by blocking the transmission of nerve stimuli to the muscles.

neuromuscular blocker Signup and view all the answers

The specialized soft-tissue manipulation technique used to ease the pain of conditions such as fibromyalgia is known as

myofascial release Signup and view all the answers

Inflamed and swollen tendons caught in the narrow space between the bones within the shoulder joint cause the condition known as

impingement syndrome Signup and view all the answers

A stiff neck due to a spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles is known as ___________________ , or wryneck

torticollis Signup and view all the answers

Match the muscle direction and position to the correct term.

crosswise = transverse slanted at an angle = oblique ringlike = sphincter toward the side = lateralis straight = rectus Signup and view all the answers

Match the structure to the correct term.

muscular cap of shoulder = deltoid buttock muscle = gluteus maximus heart muscle = myocardial ring-like muscle = sphincter fibrous connective tissue = tendon Signup and view all the answers

A weakness or slight muscular paralysis is known as

myoparesis Signup and view all the answers

An inflammation of the tissues surrounding the elbow is known as

epicondylitis Signup and view all the answers

The term meaning the degeneration of muscle tissue is

myolysis Signup and view all the answers

The ______________ forms the muscular cap of the shoulder.

deltoid Signup and view all the answers

The movement during which the knees or elbows are bent to decrease the angle of the joints is known as________________

flexion Signup and view all the answers

______________is the lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movement

ataxia Signup and view all the answers

_______________ tendinitis is inflammation of tendons caused by excessive or unusual use of a joint.

overuse Signup and view all the answers

One of the signs of Parkinson's disease is _______________, or extreme slowness in movement.

bradykinesia Signup and view all the answers

The weakness or wearing away of body tissues and structures is known as

atrophy Signup and view all the answers

Which term means movement toward the midline?

adduction Signup and view all the answers

______________________is the circular movement at the far end of a limb

circumduction Signup and view all the answers

A/An __________________ blocker is a drug that causes temporary paralysis by blocking the transmission of nerve stimuli to the muscles.

neuromuscular Signup and view all the answers

___________________ is a group of genetic diseases characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles.

muscular dystrophy Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes a band of fibers that hold structures together abnormally?

adhesion Signup and view all the answers

Which term means a disease characterized by the simultaneous inflammation of voluntary muscles in many parts of the body?

polymyositis Signup and view all the answers

Treatment for Pedro included the surgical suturing of the divided ends of a tendon. The medical term for this procedure is

tenorrhaphy Signup and view all the answers

An ________________________ works under a physician's supervision to develop, implement, and coordinate exercise programs.

exercise physiologist Signup and view all the answers

Ginger Williams has pain in her heel caused by a calcium deposit. This calcium deposit is known as a

heel spur Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Muscle Injuries and Conditions

Strain: Injury to muscle or tendon attachments.
Intermittent claudication: Leg muscle pain during exercise, relieved by rest.
Myorrhexis: Rupture or tearing of a muscle.

Muscle Activity Abnormalities

Hyperkinesia: Abnormally increased muscle function or activity.
Dystonia: Impaired voluntary muscle movement due to abnormal muscle tone.
Myoparesis: Weakness or slight muscular paralysis.
Ataxia: Lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movement.

Muscle Contractions and Disorders

Spasm: Sudden, involuntary contraction of muscles.
Hemiplegia: Total paralysis affecting one side of the body.
Torticollis: Stiff neck due to spasmodic contraction of neck muscles.

Drug Effects on Muscles

Neuromuscular blocker: Drug causing temporary paralysis by blocking nerve stimuli transmission.
Overuse tendinitis: Inflammation of tendons due to excessive joint use.

Surgical and Treatment Techniques

Tenorrhaphy: Surgical suturing of divided tendon ends.
Myofascial release: Soft-tissue manipulation technique for pain relief, often used for conditions like fibromyalgia.

Muscular Structures and Movements

Deltoid: Muscular cap of the shoulder.
Flexion: Movement that decreases the angle of a joint, such as bending knees or elbows.
Circumduction: Circular movement at the far end of a limb.

Muscle Degeneration and Disorders

Myolysis: Degeneration of muscle tissue.
Muscular dystrophy: Group of genetic diseases causing progressive weakness and degeneration of skeletal muscles.
Polymyositis: Disease characterized by simultaneous inflammation of voluntary muscles in multiple body parts.

Joint and Muscle Conditions

Impingement syndrome: Inflammation and swelling of tendons in the shoulder joint.
Epicondylitis: Inflammation of tissues surrounding the elbow.
Adhesion: Band of fibers that hold structures together abnormally.
Heel spur: Calcium deposit causing pain in the heel.

Muscle Movement Terms

Adduction: Movement toward the midline of the body.
Bradykinesia: Extreme slowness in movement, a sign of Parkinson's disease.

Roles in Rehabilitation

Exercise physiologist: Works under a physician to develop, implement, and coordinate exercise programs.

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Test your knowledge of medical terminology with this quiz focused on Chapter 4. Discover definitions and concepts related to musculoskeletal injuries and conditions. Perfect for students preparing for exams in medical terminology.