Medical Terminology: Chapter 3 Pathology

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Questions and Answers

What is ankylosis?

Inflammation of a bursa

Loss of mobility in a joint due to disease or injury (correct)

Stiffness of the joints

Abnormal softening of cartilage

What condition is characterized by stiffness of the joints, especially in the elderly?

Arthrosclerosis

What is bursitis?

Inflammation of a bursa

What does chondromalacia refer to?

Abnormal softening of cartilage Signup and view all the answers

What is a chondroma?

A slow-growing benign tumor derived from cartilage cells Signup and view all the answers

What is costochondritis?

Inflammation of the cartilage connecting a rib to the sternum Signup and view all the answers

What is hallux valgus commonly known as?

Bunion Signup and view all the answers

What does hemarthrosis mean?

Blood within a joint Signup and view all the answers

What condition is caused by inflammation of the synovial membrane?

Synovitis Signup and view all the answers

What is dislocation?

Total displacement of a bone from its joint Signup and view all the answers

What is a subluxation?

Partial displacement of a bone from its joint Signup and view all the answers

What is arthritis?

Inflammatory condition of one or more joints Signup and view all the answers

What is osteoarthritis also known as?

Wear-and-tear arthritis Signup and view all the answers

What does spondylosis refer to?

Spinal osteoarthritis Signup and view all the answers

What is gouty arthritis characterized by?

Deposits of uric acid in the joints Signup and view all the answers

What is rheumatoid arthritis?

A chronic autoimmune disorder affecting joints Signup and view all the answers

What condition is known as ankylosing spondylitis?

A form of rheumatoid arthritis causing inflammation of the spine joints Signup and view all the answers

What is juvenile rheumatoid arthritis?

An autoimmune disorder affecting children aged 16 or less Signup and view all the answers

What is a herniated disk?

Breaking apart of an intervertebral disk causing pressure on spinal nerves Signup and view all the answers

What does lumbago refer to?

Lower back pain Signup and view all the answers

What is spondylolisthesis?

Forward slipping movement of a lower lumbar vertebra Signup and view all the answers

What is spina bifida?

Congenital defect related to the spinal canal Signup and view all the answers

What does kyphosis refer to?

Abnormal increase in the outward curvature of the thoracic spine Signup and view all the answers

What is lordosis also known as?

Swayback Signup and view all the answers

What does scoliosis mean?

Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine Signup and view all the answers

What is craniostenosis?

Malformation of the skull due to premature closure of cranial sutures Signup and view all the answers

What is fibrous dysplasia?

A bone disorder that replaces normal bone structure with fibrous tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is ostealgia?

Pain in a bone Signup and view all the answers

What does osteitis mean?

Inflammation of the bone Signup and view all the answers

What is osteomalacia known as in adults?

Adult rickets Signup and view all the answers

What does osteomyelitis refer to?

Inflammation of the bone marrow and adjacent bone Signup and view all the answers

What is osteonecrosis?

Death of bone due to insufficient blood supply Signup and view all the answers

What is Paget's disease?

Bone disease characterized by excessive breakdown and abnormal formation Signup and view all the answers

What does periostitis mean?

Inflammation of the periosteum Signup and view all the answers

What is rickets?

Deficiency disease occurring in children characterized by defective bone growth Signup and view all the answers

What is short stature also known as?

Dwarfism Signup and view all the answers

What is talipes commonly known as?

Clubfoot Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Joint Conditions and Inflammations

Ankylosis: Loss of joint mobility due to disease or injury; characterized by stiffness.
Arthrosclerosis: Joint stiffness, particularly prevalent in the elderly.
Bursitis: Inflammation of a bursa, the fluid-filled sacs that cushion joints.
Costochondritis: Inflammation of cartilage connecting ribs to the sternum.
Synovitis: Inflammation of the synovial membrane leading to swelling and pain; can arise from arthritis or trauma.

Chondromalacia: Abnormal softening of cartilage, often affecting joint function.
Chondroma: A benign tumor composed of cartilage cells; typically slow-growing.

Arthritis and Degenerative Conditions

Arthritis: An inflammatory condition affecting one or more joints.
Osteoarthritis: Common form of arthritis known as wear-and-tear arthritis, prevalent with aging.
Rheumatoid Arthritis: Chronic autoimmune disorder attacking joints and organs; inflames and thickens synovial membranes.
Gouty Arthritis: Arthritis characterized by uric acid deposits in joints, a byproduct of purine metabolism.

Spinal Conditions

Spondylosis: Spinal osteoarthritis leading to degeneration and loss of spinal function.
Ankylosing Spondylitis: Specific type of rheumatoid arthritis causing inflammation between vertebrae.
Herniated Disk: Condition where an intervertebral disk ruptures, pressing on spinal nerves.

Developmental and Structural Defects

Spina Bifida: Congenital defect where the spinal canal fails to close, exposing the spinal cord.
Scoliosis: Abnormal lateral curvature of the spine, presenting as a sideways deviation.

Pain and Inflammatory Disorders

Lumbago: Lower back pain affecting the lumbar region.
Ostealgia: Also known as osteodynia; indicates pain in the bones.
Osteitis: Inflammation of bone often linked to infection or injury.

Bone Disorders

Osteomalacia: Abnormal softening of bones in adults; commonly due to Vitamin D deficiency.
Paget's Disease: Characterized by excessive breakdown and abnormal formation of bone tissue.
Fibrous Dysplasia: Bone disorder replacing normal bone with fibrous tissue, causing structural abnormalities.

Growth and Developmental Conditions

Rickets: A childhood condition due to Vitamin D deficiency, leading to bone growth defects.
Short Stature: Known as dwarfism; results from inadequate long bone growth, with an average adult height of 4'10".

Foot Conditions

Hallux Valgus: Abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the big toe, commonly referred to as a bunion.
Talipes: Also known as clubfoot; encompasses congenital deformities of the foot involving the talus bones.

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Description

Explore essential medical terminology related to pathology in this chapter 3 quiz. Test your knowledge on terms like ankylosis, arthrosclerosis, and bursitis. Perfect for students and professionals in the medical field seeking to enhance their vocabulary.