Medical Terminology Chapter 16 - Skin Flashcards

Skin Layers and Structures

• Epidermis: Thin cellular membrane layer containing keratin.
• Basal Layer: Deepest layer of the epidermis where cell regeneration occurs.
• Stratum Corneum: Most superficial layer of the epidermis, providing a protective barrier.
• Dermis: Dense, fibrous connective tissue layer rich in collagen, supports skin structure.
• Subcutaneous Layer: Thick layer of fat-containing tissue, providing insulation and cushioning.

Key Cellular Components

• Keratin: Hard protein found in epidermis, hair, and nails; provides structural integrity.
• Melanocytes: Cells responsible for producing melanin, the pigment that colors the skin.
• Melanin: Skin pigment that determines complexion and provides some protection against UV radiation.

Skin Conditions and Disorders

• Albino: Individual with a deficiency in skin pigmentation due to lack of melanin.
• Acne Vulgaris: Caused by buildup of sebum and keratin; characterized by papules and pustules.
• Psoriasis: Chronic condition marked by silvery-gray scales on red patches of skin.
• Eczema: Inflammatory skin disease with red, itchy lesions; can be vesicular or scaly.
• Vitiligo: Loss of skin pigment leading to uneven coloration.

Growths and Tumors

• Basal Cell Carcinoma: Malignant tumor originating from the basal layer of the epidermis.
• Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Malignant neoplasm arising from scale-like cells of the epidermis.
• Malignant Melanoma: Cancerous tumor composed of melanocytes; highly aggressive.
• Dysplastic Nevi: Abnormal moles that can be precursors to melanoma.

Skin Appendages

• Hair Follicles: Sacs from which hair grows; associated with dermal glands.
• Nails: Hard keratin plates protecting the tips of fingers and toes.
• Cuticle: Band of skin at the base of nails, contributing to epidermal cell generation.
• Sebaceous Glands: Oil-secreting glands associated with hair follicles.
• Sweat Glands: Coiled glands present on nearly all body surfaces, helping regulate temperature.

Miscellaneous Terms

• Decubitus Ulcer: Also known as bed sores, caused by prolonged pressure on the skin.
• Diaphoresis: Excessive sweating; can indicate medical conditions or stress.
• Keloid: Thickened scar tissue formed due to excessive collagen growth during healing.
• Urticaria: Skin condition producing hives, often due to allergic reactions.
• Alopecia: Hair loss; can occur in patches (alopecia areata) or as general baldness.

Lesions and Marks

• Ecchymosis: Black-and-blue mark resulting from bleeding under the skin.
• Petechiae: Small pinpoint hemorrhages indicating possible clotting disorders.
• Bullae: Large blisters filled with fluid.
• Pustules: Small pus-filled sacs, commonly seen in acne lesions.

Infections

• Impetigo: Contagious bacterial infection characterized by sores and crusting.
• Tinea: Fungal infection commonly known as ringworm; can affect skin and nails.
• Tinea Pedis: Athlete's foot, a common fungal infection affecting the feet.

Other Conditions

• Scleroderma: Chronic disease leading to hardening and tightening of skin and connective tissues.
• Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Autoimmune disease causing inflammation, affecting joints and skin, often presents with a butterfly rash.

This summary captures essential terminology and definitions related to skin anatomy, conditions, and terms relevant to medical terminology in the dermatological context.