Medical Terminology Chapter 16

Questions and Answers

What is the definition of epidermis?

Dense, fibrous, connective tissue; containing collagen

A thick, fat containing tissue

A thin, cellular membrane layer; containing keratin (correct)

Most superficial layer of the epidermis

What is the deepest layer of the epidermis called?

Basal layer

What is the most superficial layer of the epidermis?

Stratum corneum

What type of tissue does the dermis contain?

Dense, fibrous connective tissue containing collagen Signup and view all the answers

What is found in the subcutaneous layer?

Fat Signup and view all the answers

What is keratin?

Hard protein material found in the epidermis, hair, and nails Signup and view all the answers

What are melanocytes?

Cells containing a pigment called melanin Signup and view all the answers

What is melanin?

Skin pigment Signup and view all the answers

What is an albino?

A person with skin deficient in pigment Signup and view all the answers

What is a hair follicle?

Sac within which each hair grows Signup and view all the answers

What are nails?

Hard keratin plates covering the dorsal surface of the last bone of each toe and finger Signup and view all the answers

What is a lunula?

The half moon shaped whitish area at the base of a nail Signup and view all the answers

What is the cuticle?

Band of epidermis; it gives rise to all the epidermal cells Signup and view all the answers

What is paronychium?

Soft tissue surrounding the nail border Signup and view all the answers

What are sebaceous glands?

Oil secreting gland in the dermis that is associated with hair follicles Signup and view all the answers

What are sweat glands?

Tiny, coiled glands found on almost all body surfaces Signup and view all the answers

What is diaphoresis?

Excessive sweating Signup and view all the answers

What does cutane/o refer to?

Skin Signup and view all the answers

What does albin/o refer to?

White Signup and view all the answers

What does diaphor/o refer to?

Profuse sweating Signup and view all the answers

What is a decubitus ulcer?

Bed sore Signup and view all the answers

What is basal cell carcinoma?

Malignant neoplasm originating in the basal layer of the epidermis Signup and view all the answers

What is squamous cell carcinoma?

Malignant neoplasm originating in scale-like cells of the epidermis Signup and view all the answers

What is malignant melanoma?

Cancerous tumor composed of melanocytes Signup and view all the answers

What is acne vulgaris?

Buildup of sebum and keratin in pores of the skin leading to papular and pustular eruptions Signup and view all the answers

What is psoriasis?

Chronic, recurrent dermatosis marked by silvery-gray scales covering red patches on the skin Signup and view all the answers

What is a keloid?

Thickened scar tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is tinea?

Ringworm Signup and view all the answers

What is a nevus?

Mole Signup and view all the answers

What is a verruca?

Wart Signup and view all the answers

What is a pilonidal cyst?

Sac of fluid and hair over sacral region Signup and view all the answers

What is urticaria?

Hives Signup and view all the answers

What is vitiligo?

Loss of pigment in areas of the skin Signup and view all the answers

What is actinic keratosis?

Precancerous lesion that can evolve into squamous cell carcinoma Signup and view all the answers

What is a callus?

Increased growth of cells in the keratin layer of the epidermis caused by pressure or friction Signup and view all the answers

What are bullae?

Large blisters Signup and view all the answers

What are pustules?

Pus-filled sacs such as those seen in acne or pimples Signup and view all the answers

What does varicella refer to?

Chickenpox Signup and view all the answers

What is eczema?

Inflammatory skin disease with erythematous, papulovesicular, or papalosquamous lesions Signup and view all the answers

What is tinea pedia?

Athlete's foot Signup and view all the answers

What is dermatitis?

Inflammation of the skin Signup and view all the answers

What are dysplastic nevi?

Abnormal, premalignant moles Signup and view all the answers

What is leukoplakia?

White patches on the mucous membrane of the tongue or inner cheek Signup and view all the answers

What is scleroderma?

Chronic disease marked by hardening and shrinking of connective tissue in the skin Signup and view all the answers

What is pruritus?

Itching Signup and view all the answers

What is alopecia?

Baldness Signup and view all the answers

What is systemic lupus erythematosus?

Widespread inflammatory disease of the joints and collagen of the skin with 'butterfly' rash on the face Signup and view all the answers

What is kaposi sarcoma?

Type of skin cancer associated with AIDS and marked by dark blue purple lesions over the skin Signup and view all the answers

What is ecchymosis?

Black and blue mark Signup and view all the answers

What are petechiae?

Small pinpoint hemorrhages Signup and view all the answers

What is impetigo?

Contagious, infectious pyoderma Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Skin Layers and Structures

Epidermis: Thin cellular membrane layer containing keratin.
Basal Layer: Deepest layer of the epidermis where cell regeneration occurs.
Stratum Corneum: Most superficial layer of the epidermis, providing a protective barrier.
Dermis: Dense, fibrous connective tissue layer rich in collagen, supports skin structure.
Subcutaneous Layer: Thick layer of fat-containing tissue, providing insulation and cushioning.

Key Cellular Components

Keratin: Hard protein found in epidermis, hair, and nails; provides structural integrity.
Melanocytes: Cells responsible for producing melanin, the pigment that colors the skin.
Melanin: Skin pigment that determines complexion and provides some protection against UV radiation.

Skin Conditions and Disorders

Albino: Individual with a deficiency in skin pigmentation due to lack of melanin.
Acne Vulgaris: Caused by buildup of sebum and keratin; characterized by papules and pustules.
Psoriasis: Chronic condition marked by silvery-gray scales on red patches of skin.
Eczema: Inflammatory skin disease with red, itchy lesions; can be vesicular or scaly.
Vitiligo: Loss of skin pigment leading to uneven coloration.

Growths and Tumors

Basal Cell Carcinoma: Malignant tumor originating from the basal layer of the epidermis.
Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Malignant neoplasm arising from scale-like cells of the epidermis.
Malignant Melanoma: Cancerous tumor composed of melanocytes; highly aggressive.
Dysplastic Nevi: Abnormal moles that can be precursors to melanoma.

Skin Appendages

Hair Follicles: Sacs from which hair grows; associated with dermal glands.
Nails: Hard keratin plates protecting the tips of fingers and toes.
Cuticle: Band of skin at the base of nails, contributing to epidermal cell generation.
Sebaceous Glands: Oil-secreting glands associated with hair follicles.
Sweat Glands: Coiled glands present on nearly all body surfaces, helping regulate temperature.

Miscellaneous Terms

Decubitus Ulcer: Also known as bed sores, caused by prolonged pressure on the skin.
Diaphoresis: Excessive sweating; can indicate medical conditions or stress.
Keloid: Thickened scar tissue formed due to excessive collagen growth during healing.
Urticaria: Skin condition producing hives, often due to allergic reactions.
Alopecia: Hair loss; can occur in patches (alopecia areata) or as general baldness.

Lesions and Marks

Ecchymosis: Black-and-blue mark resulting from bleeding under the skin.
Petechiae: Small pinpoint hemorrhages indicating possible clotting disorders.
Bullae: Large blisters filled with fluid.
Pustules: Small pus-filled sacs, commonly seen in acne lesions.

Infections

Impetigo: Contagious bacterial infection characterized by sores and crusting.
Tinea: Fungal infection commonly known as ringworm; can affect skin and nails.
Tinea Pedis: Athlete's foot, a common fungal infection affecting the feet.

Other Conditions

Scleroderma: Chronic disease leading to hardening and tightening of skin and connective tissues.
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: Autoimmune disease causing inflammation, affecting joints and skin, often presents with a butterfly rash.

This summary captures essential terminology and definitions related to skin anatomy, conditions, and terms relevant to medical terminology in the dermatological context.

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Test your knowledge of skin-related medical terminology with these flashcards. Each card features a key term and its definition, helping you to better understand the anatomy and functions of the skin layers. Perfect for students studying dermatology or healthcare professionals looking to refresh their knowledge.

Medical Terminology Chapter 16 - Skin Flashcards