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Medical Terminology Chapter 15
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Medical Terminology Chapter 15

Created by
@BenevolentDramaticIrony

Questions and Answers

What is the definition of laminectomy?

  • Surgical procedure for removing a portion of a vertebrae (correct)
  • Condition of low blood calcium
  • Abnormal condition of curvature of the spine
  • Inflammation of a sac of fluid near the joint

    • What does lordosis refer to?

    Abnormal condition of exaggerated anterior curvature of the spine

    What is hypercalcemia?

    Condition of high blood calcium

    What is kyphosis?

    <p>Abnormal condition of posterior curvature of the spine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does lumbar pertain to?

    <p>Lower back</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is myelopoiesis?

    <p>Formation of bone marrow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does osteitis refer to?

    <p>Inflammation of a bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is osteogenesis?

    <p>Formation of bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does scoliosis mean?

    <p>Abnormal condition of lateral curvature of the spine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does spondylosis mean?

    <p>Abnormal condition of vertebrae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does vertebral mean?

    <p>Pertaining to a backbone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is osteodystrophy?

    <p>Abnormal development of bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are osteoblasts?

    <p>Immature bone cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is osteomalacia?

    <p>Softening of bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of an osteotome?

    <p>Instrument to cut bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do osteoclasts do?

    <p>Bone cells that break down bone to remove bone tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is osteoporosis?

    <p>Abnormal condition of loss of bone tissue and decrease in bone mass</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does pubic symphysis refer to?

    <p>Cartilaginous joint connecting two sections of the pubic bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is epiphysis?

    <p>Each end of a long bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does hemarthrosis mean?

    <p>Abnormal condition of blood in a joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does spinal stenosis refer to?

    <p>Narrowing of the spinal canal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is arthroplasty?

    <p>Surgical repair of a joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does bursitis mean?

    <p>Inflammation of a sac of fluid near the joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does rheumatologist refer to?

    <p>Specialist in diagnosis and treatment of arthritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is tenolinitis?

    <p>Inflammation of connective tissue binding muscles to bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is achondroplasia?

    <p>Type of dwarfism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does chondromalacia mean?

    <p>Softening of cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is ankylosis?

    <p>Stiffness of a joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does tenorrhaphy refer to?

    <p>Suture of a tendon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does ligamentous mean?

    <p>Pertaining to the connective tissue that binds bones to joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does -algia refer to?

    <p>Pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does -blast signify?

    <p>Immature cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does -emia refer to?

    <p>Blood condition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does -malacia signify?

    <p>Softening</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does -penia indicate?

    <p>Deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does -plasty refer to?

    <p>Surgical repair</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does -porosis indicate?

    <p>Pore</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does -stenosis refer to?

    <p>Narrowing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does -tome signify?

    <p>Instrument to cut</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does -trophy mean?

    <p>Development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the prefixes A- and an- mean?

    <p>No, without</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the prefix Ab- refer to?

    <p>Away from</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the prefix Ad- denote?

    <p>Toward</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the prefix Dorsi- mean?

    <p>Back</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the prefix Epi- refer to?

    <p>Above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the prefix Exo- indicate?

    <p>Outside</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the prefix Peri- mean?

    <p>Surrounding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the prefix Poly- signify?

    <p>Many</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the prefix Sub- refer to?

    <p>Below</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the prefix Supra- denote?

    <p>Above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Surgical Terms

    • Laminectomy: Surgical removal of a vertebra segment to alleviate nerve compression.
    • Arthroplasty: Procedure to surgically repair a joint.
    • Tenorrhaphy: Suture of a tendon, essential in tendon repair.
    • Osteotome: Instrument specifically designed to cut bone during surgical procedures.

    Spine Conditions

    • Lordosis: Exaggerated anterior curvature of the spine, leading to postural issues.
    • Kyphosis: Abnormal posterior curvature of the spine, often referred to as hunchback.
    • Scoliosis: Lateral curvature of the spine, which can affect posture and mobility.
    • Spinal stenosis: Narrowing of the spinal canal, potentially compressing spinal nerves.

    Bone Conditions

    • Hypercalcemia: Characterized by an excessively high level of calcium in the blood, which can lead to complications.
    • Osteitis: Inflammation of bone, often a response to infection or injury.
    • Osteoporosis: Condition marked by loss of bone mass and density, increasing fracture risk.
    • Osteomalacia: Softening of bone, typically due to vitamin D deficiency.

    Bone Formation and Cell Types

    • Myelopoiesis: The process of bone marrow formation, crucial for blood cell production.
    • Osteoblasts: Immature bone cells responsible for bone formation.
    • Osteoclasts: Specialized bone cells that break down bone tissue, essential for bone remodeling.
    • Osteogenesis: The process of new bone formation.

    Joint and Tissue Conditions

    • Bursitis: Inflammation of the bursa, a fluid-filled sac that cushions joints.
    • Tenolinitis: Inflammation of connective tissues that secure muscles to bones.
    • Ankylosis: Stiffness or immobility of a joint due to abnormal adhesion or fusion.

    Cartilage and Joint Associations

    • Chondromalacia: The softening of cartilage, often affecting the knee joint.
    • Pubic symphysis: Cartilaginous joint that connects two sections of the pubic bone, important in pelvic stability.

    Prefixes and Suffixes in Medical Terminology

    • -algia: Indicates pain, used to describe various types of pain conditions.
    • -emia: Relates to blood conditions, essential for understanding hematology.
    • -malacia: Denotes softening, often used in pathological contexts.
    • -penia: Signifies deficiency, commonly used in hematology to describe low cell counts.
    • -trophy: Refers to development or growth, important in understanding tissue health.

    Anatomical Prefixes

    • A-, an-: Denote absence or lack of something.
    • Ab-: Means away from a reference point.
    • Ad-: Indicates movement towards a reference point.
    • Dorsi-: Pertains to the back or posterior side.
    • Epi-: Represents something situated above another structure.
    • Exo-: Means outside or external to a structure.
    • Peri-: Refers to surrounding or encircling a structure.
    • Poly-: Indicates multiplicity or many.
    • Sub-: Denotes something beneath or below another structure.
    • Supra-: Indicates a position above another structure.

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    Test your knowledge of key medical terms from Chapter 15 with these flashcards. Learn definitions for terms related to spine curvature and calcium levels, enhancing your understanding of medical vocabulary. Perfect for students of healthcare and medicine.

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