Medical Terminology Chapter 12 Flashcards

Questions and Answers

What does 'auscultation' refer to?

Listening to sounds within the body (correct)

High-pitched sound heard on inspiration

Chronic bronchial inflammatory disorder

Tapping on a surface

What is percussion?

Tapping on a surface to determine the difference in the density of underlying structure

What is a pleural rub?

Scratchy sound produced by pleural surfaces rubbing against each other

What are rales (crackles)?

Fine crackling sounds heard on auscultation (during inhalation) when there is fluid in the alveoli Signup and view all the answers

What are rhonchi?

Loud rumbling sounds heard on auscultation of bronchi obstructed by sputum Signup and view all the answers

What is sputum?

Material expelled from the bronchi, lungs, or upper respiratory tract by spitting Signup and view all the answers

What is stridor?

Strained high-pitched sound heard on inspiration caused by obstruction in the pharynx or larynx Signup and view all the answers

What are wheezes?

Continuous high-pitched whistling sounds produced during breathing Signup and view all the answers

What is croup?

Acute viral infection of infants and children with obstruction of the larynx, barking cough, and stridor Signup and view all the answers

What is diphtheria?

Acute infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract caused by diphtheria bacterium Signup and view all the answers

What is epistaxis?

Nosebleed Signup and view all the answers

What is pertussis?

Whooping cough; highly contagious bacterial infection of the pharynx, larynx, and trachea caused by Bordetella pertussis Signup and view all the answers

What is asthma?

Chronic bronchial inflammatory disorder with airway obstruction due to bronchial edema and constriction increased mucus production Signup and view all the answers

What is bronchiectasis?

Chronic dilation of a bronchus secondary to infection Signup and view all the answers

What is chronic bronchitis?

Inflammation of bronchi persisting over a long time; type of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Signup and view all the answers

What is cystic fibrosis (CF)?

Inherited disorder of exocrine glands resulting in thick mucous secretions in the respiratory tract that do not drain normally Signup and view all the answers

What is atelectasis?

Collapsed lung; incomplete expansion of alveoli Signup and view all the answers

What is emphysema?

Hyperinflation of air sacs with destruction of alveolar walls Signup and view all the answers

What is lung cancer?

Malignant tumor arising from the lungs and bronchi Signup and view all the answers

What is pneumoconiosis?

Abnormal condition caused by dust in the lungs, with chronic inflammation, infection, and bronchitis Signup and view all the answers

What is pneumonia?

Acute inflammation and infection of alveoli, which fill with pus or products of the inflammatory reaction Signup and view all the answers

What is a pulmonary abscess?

Large collection of pus (bacterial infection) in the lungs Signup and view all the answers

What is pulmonary edema?

Fluid in the air sacs and bronchioles Signup and view all the answers

What is a pulmonary embolism (PE)?

Clot or other material lodges in vessels of the lung Signup and view all the answers

What is pulmonary fibrosis?

Formation of scar tissues in the connective tissue of the lungs Signup and view all the answers

What is sarcoidosis?

Chronic inflammatory disease in which small nodules (granulomas) develop in lungs, lymph nodes, and other organs Signup and view all the answers

What is tuberculosis (TB)?

Rod shaped bacteria called bacilli invade the lungs producing small tubercles of infection Signup and view all the answers

What is mesothelioma?

Rare malignant tumor arising in the pleura Signup and view all the answers

What is pleural effusion?

Abnormal accumulation of fluid in the pleural space (cavity) Signup and view all the answers

What is pleurisy (pleuritis)?

Inflammation of the pleura Signup and view all the answers

What is pneumothorax?

Collection of air in the pleural space Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Medical Terminology and Definitions

Auscultation: Technique for listening to internal body sounds, crucial in diagnosing respiratory conditions.
Percussion: Diagnostic method involving tapping on a surface to assess the density of underlying tissues or organs.
Pleural Rub: A scratchy sound detected when pleural surfaces rub together, often indicating pleural inflammation.
Rales (Crackles): Fine crackling noises heard during inhalation, typically associated with fluid accumulation in the alveoli.
Rhonchi: Loud rumbling sounds resulting from airway obstructions, commonly due to mucus accumulation in the bronchi.
Sputum: Mucous discharge expelled from the respiratory system, used to diagnose various conditions.
Stridor: High-pitched, strained sound during inhalation caused by blockage in the upper airway (pharynx or larynx).
Wheezes: Continuous high-pitched whistling noises during breathing, often indicative of airway obstruction.

Respiratory Conditions

Croup: Viral infection prevalent in children, leading to laryngeal obstruction, characterized by a barking cough and stridor.
Diphtheria: Acute infection of the throat caused by diphtheria bacteria, affecting upper respiratory pathways.
Epistaxis: Commonly known as a nosebleed, can occur due to various factors including trauma or dry air.
Pertussis: Also known as whooping cough, a contagious bacterial infection of the respiratory tract caused by Bordetella pertussis.
Asthma: Chronic inflammatory disorder of the airways characterized by bronchial inflammation, obstruction, and increased mucus production.
Bronchiectasis: Permanent dilation of bronchial tubes due to underlying infections, leading to chronic respiratory issues.

Chronic Lung Conditions

Chronic Bronchitis: Long-term inflammation of the bronchi, a form of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Cystic Fibrosis (CF): Genetic disorder affecting exocrine glands, leading to thick mucus that obstructs airways and promotes lung infections.
Atelectasis: Refers to lung collapse or incomplete expansion of alveoli, impacts breathing efficiency.
Emphysema: Condition involving over-inflated alveolar sacs, destroying alveolar walls and reducing gas exchange capability.
Lung Cancer: Malignant growths sourced from lung tissue, significantly impacting respiratory function.
Pneumoconiosis: Lung disease caused by inhalation of dust or particulate matter, resulting in chronic inflammation and infection.

Infections and Inflammation

Pneumonia: Inflammation and infection of alveoli, leading to pus accumulation, significantly impairing respiratory function.
Pulmonary Abscess: Collection of pus in the lungs, usually due to bacterial infection.
Pulmonary Edema: Condition involving fluid accumulation in alveoli and bronchioles, impairing gas exchange.
Pulmonary Embolism (PE): Occurs when a clot or foreign material blocks lung vessels, potentially leading to serious complications.
Pulmonary Fibrosis: Scarring in lung tissue, hindering normal respiratory function.
Sarcoidosis: Chronic inflammatory disease marked by granulation tissue (granulomas) formation in the lungs and other organs.
Tuberculosis (TB): Infectious disease caused by the bacteria (bacilli) which leads to the formation of small lesions in the lungs.

Other Respiratory Issues

Mesothelioma: Rare malignant tumor in the pleura, often associated with asbestos exposure.
Pleural Effusion: Accumulation of fluid in the pleural space, can compromise lung function.
Pleurisy (Pleuritis): Inflammation of the pleura, causing pain and difficulty in breathing.
Pneumothorax: Presence of air in the pleural space that can cause lung collapse and acute respiratory distress.

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Description

Test your knowledge of medical terms in Chapter 12 with these flashcards. From auscultation to pleural rub, this quiz covers essential vocabulary for understanding body sounds. Perfect for students in medical studies or healthcare fields.