Medical Terminology Chapter 11

Questions and Answers

What is cyanosis?

Bluish discoloration of the skin.

What is Raynaud disease?

Recurrent episodes of pallor and cyanosis primarily in fingers and toes.

What is heart block?

Interference with normal conduction of electrical impulses that control the activity of the heart muscle.

What is ischemia?

Lack of blood supply. Signup and view all the answers

What is an atheroma?

A deposit of plaque on or within the arterial wall. Signup and view all the answers

What is vasoconstriction?

Narrowing of blood vessels. Signup and view all the answers

What is a myocardial infarction?

Dead heart tissue. Signup and view all the answers

What is angina?

A condition of episodes of severe chest pain due to inadequate blood flow to the myocardium. Signup and view all the answers

What is thrombotic occlusion?

The blocking of an artery by a thrombus. Signup and view all the answers

What does HDL stand for?

High-density lipoprotein. Signup and view all the answers

What is the SA node?

Sinoatrial node; pacemaker of the heart. Signup and view all the answers

What does ECG stand for?

Electrocardiogram. Signup and view all the answers

What is the pacemaker of the heart?

SA node. Signup and view all the answers

What is the saclike membrane surrounding the heart called?

Pericardium. Signup and view all the answers

What is the contractive phase of the heartbeat called?

Systole. Signup and view all the answers

What is the relaxation phase of the heartbeat called?

Diastole. Signup and view all the answers

What is a murmur?

Abnormal heart sound caused by improper closure of heart valves. Signup and view all the answers

What does arteriosclerosis refer to?

Hardening of arteries. Signup and view all the answers

What is cardiomegaly?

Enlargement of the heart. Signup and view all the answers

What is thrombophlebitis?

Inflammation of a vein with a clot. Signup and view all the answers

What is cardiomyopathy?

Disease condition of heart muscle. Signup and view all the answers

What is tachycardia?

Condition of rapid heartbeat. Signup and view all the answers

What is endarterectomy?

Removal of the inner lining of an artery. Signup and view all the answers

What is arrhythmia?

Condition of abnormal heart rhythm. Signup and view all the answers

What is hypercholesterolemia?

High levels of cholesterol in the bloodstream. Signup and view all the answers

What is myocardium?

Muscle layer of the heart. Signup and view all the answers

What is vasodilation?

Widening of a blood vessel. Signup and view all the answers

What is hypoxia?

Decreased oxygen condition. Signup and view all the answers

What is phlebitis?

Inflammation of a vein. Signup and view all the answers

What is thrombolysis?

Destruction of clots. Signup and view all the answers

What is an embolus?

Traveling clot that suddenly blocks a blood vessel. Signup and view all the answers

What is a pulmonary artery?

A blood vessel that carries oxygen-poor blood from heart to lungs. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Medical Terminology Overview

Cyanosis: Bluish discoloration of the skin, often indicative of low oxygen levels.
Raynaud Disease: Characterized by recurrent episodes of pallor and cyanosis, primarily affecting fingers and toes.
Heart Block: Condition where normal conduction of electrical impulses in the heart is disrupted.
Ischemia: Refers to a lack of blood supply to tissues, without adequate oxygenation.
Atheroma: A buildup of plaque inside the arterial walls, which can lead to cardiovascular diseases.
Vasoconstriction: The narrowing of blood vessels, which can increase blood pressure.
Myocardial Infarction: An event where heart tissue dies due to lack of blood supply, commonly referred to as a heart attack.
Angina: Severe chest pain due to inadequate blood flow to the heart muscle (myocardium).
Thrombotic Occlusion: The blockage of an artery caused by a thrombus, or blood clot.
HDL: High-density lipoprotein, known as "good cholesterol," which helps remove other forms of cholesterol from the bloodstream.

Heart Structure and Function

SA Node: Sinoatrial node, known as the heart's natural pacemaker, initiating electrical impulses.
Pericardium: The saclike membrane surrounding and protecting the heart, composed of double layers.
Systole: The phase of the heartbeat during which the heart muscle contracts and pumps blood.
Diastole: The phase of the heartbeat where the heart muscle relaxes and chambers fill with blood.
Murmur: An abnormal sound indicating improper closure of heart valves.
Arteriosclerosis: The hardening of arteries, potentially leading to high blood pressure and heart disease.
Cardiomegaly: Enlargement of the heart, often a response to overwork or disease.
Thrombophlebitis: Inflammation of a vein with an associated clot, which can lead to pain and swelling.

Cardiac Conditions and Symptoms

Tachycardia: A condition characterized by an abnormally rapid heart rate.
Arrhythmia: An abnormal heartbeat rhythm, which can vary from too fast to too slow.
Hypercholesterolemia: High levels of cholesterol in the blood, increasing the risk for heart disease.
Hypoxia: A decreased oxygen condition affecting various tissues throughout the body.
Phlebitis: Inflammation of a vein, which can lead to clot formation and further complications.
Fibrillation: A type of arrhythmia causing rapid, ineffective heart contractions.

Procedures and Measurements

Endarterectomy: A surgical procedure to remove plaque from the inner lining of an artery.
Phlebotomy: The incision or puncture of a vein to draw blood for testing or treatment.
Sphygmomanometer: An instrument used to measure blood pressure.
Deep Vein Thrombosis: The formation of a blood clot in a large vein, typically in the lower limb.
Electrocardiogram (ECG): A recording of the electrical activity of the heart, useful for diagnosing heart conditions.
Thrombolysis: The process of dissolving blood clots, often used to treat thrombosis.

Specialized Terms

Myocardium: The muscular tissue of the heart responsible for contraction.
Aneurysm: A local widening of an artery which can rupture, leading to severe complications.
Endothelium: The innermost lining of blood vessels, crucial for vascular health and function.
Embolus: A traveling clot that can block a blood vessel, leading to serious conditions like stroke or heart attack.
Coronary Arteries: Blood vessels branching from the aorta providing oxygen-rich blood to the heart muscle.
Tetralogy of Fallot: A congenital heart defect involving four distinct heart anomalies.

Understanding these terms and conditions helps in the diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases, critical for medical professionals and students alike.

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Description

This quiz focuses on key medical terms from Chapter 11, specifically related to conditions affecting blood circulation and skin discoloration. Test your knowledge on terms like cyanosis, Raynaud disease, and heart block. Perfect for students and professionals in the medical field.