Medical Terminology and Physiology Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What effect does fetal alcohol syndrome have on children?

  • Has no impact on family dynamics
  • Contributes to mental retardation and lifelong challenges (correct)
  • Results in reversible brain damage
  • Only causes physical abnormalities

Which statement accurately describes fetal alcohol syndrome?

  • It is the leading cause of obesity in children
  • It causes only minor developmental delays
  • It can be cured with proper healthcare
  • It is 100% preventable by avoiding alcohol consumption during pregnancy (correct)

What is the main purpose of flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES)?

  • To assess the anatomy and evaluate swallowing functions (correct)
  • To evaluate heart rates during swallowing
  • To identify tumors in the throat
  • To examine lung capacity

How does fibrosis affect bodily tissues?

<p>Causes tissues to harden and reduces fluid flow (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a fistula?

<p>An abnormal passage between two hollow organs (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of a full-term newborn?

<p>Retained in the uterus for the average gestation duration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) examine?

<p>Neural mechanisms during motion-induced tasks (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is foremilk?

<p>Milk ejected from the breast at the start of feeding (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerve is responsible for supplying the stylopharyngeus muscle?

<p>Glossopharyngeal nerve (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the nucleus of the tractus solitarius in the brainstem?

<p>Plays a role in gag reflex and vomiting (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Odynophagia refers to which of the following sensations?

<p>Burning pain while swallowing (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following nerves contributes to taste sensation from the anterior two-thirds of the tongue?

<p>Chorda tympani branch of the facial nerve (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of an obturator in a dental context?

<p>A device to replace damaged upper teeth or structure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the nucleus of the tractus solitarius receives fibers from the vagus nerve?

<p>Inferior part (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Oxytocin is primarily associated with which physiological function?

<p>Stimulating milk ejection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The oropharyngeal phase of swallowing involves transferring the bolus from where to where?

<p>Oral cavity to pharynx (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of Lyme disease?

<p>A bacterium called spirochete spread by ticks (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true about macroglossia?

<p>It can occur secondary to a primary disorder (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)?

<p>To produce detailed images of internal body structures (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is malnutrition primarily attributed to?

<p>Poor nourishment from unhealthy food or absorption issues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the Masako maneuver used for?

<p>To strengthen tongue base muscles during swallowing (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does manometry function in the medical field?

<p>It assesses muscle pressure and movements (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a consequence of untreated Lyme disease?

<p>Fatigue and joint pain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is mastication?

<p>The act of chewing food (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of photodynamic therapy (PDT)?

<p>To kill cancer cells using light-activated drugs (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant characteristic of Pierre Robin sequence?

<p>The lower jaw may be either small or set back (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes pilocarpine?

<p>A cholinergic drug that mimics acetylcholine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the common complications in infants with Pierre Robin sequence?

<p>Swallowing difficulties (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does positioning an infant with Pierre Robin sequence help manage their condition?

<p>It minimizes airway obstruction (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) primarily consist of?

<p>A suspension of synthetic polymer beads (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a noninfectious cause of lung inflammation?

<p>Pneumonitis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common initial recommendation for infants with severe issues related to Pierre Robin sequence?

<p>Specially designed feeding devices (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main feature of the Killian triangle?

<p>It is an area through which the Zenker diverticulum occurs. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerves are involved in the laryngeal adductor reflex?

<p>Superior laryngeal nerve as afferent and recurrent laryngeal nerve as efferent. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition is characterized by stomach acid traveling to the throat?

<p>Laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR). (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true regarding laryngospasm?

<p>It is an uncontrolled contraction that partially blocks inhalation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a lower motor neuron responsible for?

<p>Transmitting impulses from the spinal cord to a muscle. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What commonly causes a lung abscess?

<p>Bacteria from the mouth inhaled into the lungs. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What symptom is most commonly associated with a lung abscess?

<p>Cough leading to production of sputum. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the loss of lower motor neurons?

<p>Flaccid paralysis accompanied by muscle atrophy. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is presbyphagia primarily characterized by?

<p>Changes in swallowing functions during healthy aging (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes progressive supranuclear palsy?

<p>A neurological disorder that progressively affects balance and eye movement (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What might be a consequence of aspiration during swallowing?

<p>It may cause pneumonia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is primary lactation insufficiency?

<p>Inability to produce sufficient milk despite adequate stimulation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these symptoms might indicate progressive supranuclear palsy?

<p>Difficulty aiming the eyes properly (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medications are known as prokinetic agents?

<p>Medications that help control acid reflux (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a common visual issue in patients with progressive supranuclear palsy?

<p>Blurry vision and difficulty with eye contact (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes dysphagia from presbyphagia?

<p>Dysphagia causes severe swallowing issues. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)

The sum total of the damage done to a child before birth as a result of the mother drinking alcohol during pregnancy.

Flexible Endoscopic Evaluation of Swallowing (FEES)

A diagnostic procedure used to evaluate velopharyngeal, phonatory, and swallowing functions in adults and children by using a flexible endoscope to visualize the structures involved in swallowing.

Foremilk

Milk ejected from the breast at the onset of feeding.

Fibrosis

The formation of scar-like structures that cause tissues to harden and reduces the flow of fluids through these tissues.

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Fistula

An abnormal or surgically made passage between a hollow or tubular organ and the body surface, or between two hollow or tubular organs.

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Full-term Newborn

A newborn retained in the uterus for the normal period of gestation before birth.

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Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI)

A non-invasive examination of the neural mechanisms of motion-induced tasks such as speaking and swallowing using magnetic resonance imaging.

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Ultrasound

A non-invasive technique used for diagnosis and treatment. Uses high-frequency sound waves to create images of soft tissues and organs within the body.

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Killian Triangle

A triangular area in the pharynx wall located between the inferior constrictor muscle and the cricopharyngeus muscle, where the Zenker diverticulum often occurs.

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Laryngeal Adductor Reflex (LAR)

An involuntary reflex triggered by stimuli in the larynx, where the superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) acts as the afferent limb and the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) acts as the efferent limb, modulated by the central nervous system.

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Lyme disease

A bacterial illness spread by ticks, causing abnormalities in the skin, joints, heart, and nervous system.

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Macroglossia

Abnormal enlargement of the tongue, which can be present at birth or develop later due to other conditions.

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Laryngopharyngeal Reflux (LPR)

A condition where stomach acid travels upwards into the esophagus and reaches the throat, often a symptom of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

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Laryngospasm

An uncontrolled tightening of the vocal cords that can last from seconds to minutes, partially blocking inhalation, but breathing out is typically easier.

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

A special radiology technique using magnetism, radio waves, and a computer to create detailed images of internal body structures.

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Latching

The manner in which a baby takes hold of the nipple and prepares to suckle.

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Malnutrition

Poor nourishment of the body due to insufficient intake, improper digestion, or absorption of nutrients.

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Lower Motor Neuron

A nerve cell that travels from the spinal cord to a muscle, responsible for muscle movement. Damage to lower motor neurons can lead to weakness, muscle twitching, and muscle wasting.

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Manometry

A measurement of pressure, often used in the esophagus to evaluate muscle function and movement.

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Lung Abscess

A pouch filled with pus that forms in the lung due to an infection. It is usually caused by bacteria inhaled from the mouth.

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Masako maneuver (tongue hold maneuver)

An exercise where the patient holds their tongue between their teeth while swallowing to strengthen the muscles at the base of the tongue.

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Laryngeal Penetration

Entry of material into the laryngeal vestibule during swallowing, potentially leading to coughing or choking.

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Mastication

The act of chewing food, breaking it down mechanically.

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Lung abscess

A bacterial infection that can cause a lung abscess, often requiring several weeks of antibiotics for treatment.

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Nucleus of tractus solitarius

A brainstem nucleus involved in various sensory functions, including taste from different parts of the tongue.

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Oropharyngeal phase

The phase of swallowing where the food bolus moves from the mouth to the throat.

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Oxytocin

A hormone released during breastfeeding that promotes milk flow and calming effects in the mother.

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Parenchyma

The functional tissue of an organ, responsible for its specific functions.

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Odynophagia

Painful swallowing, often caused by irritation or inflammation of the esophagus.

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Obturator

A prosthetic device used to replace missing teeth and associated structures.

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Glossopharyngeal nerve

Cranial nerve that supplies the stylopharyngeus muscle, involved in swallowing.

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Vagus nerve

Cranial nerve that contributes to swallowing by supplying muscles of the tongue, larynx, and pharynx.

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Photodynamic Therapy (PDT)

A type of therapy that utilizes light-sensitive drugs (photosensitizing agents) and light to target and destroy cancer cells. The drugs only become active when exposed to specific wavelengths of light.

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Pierre Robin Sequence

A congenital condition characterized by a small or recessed lower jaw (micrognathia or retrognathia), a cleft palate, and a tongue that is often displaced backward (glossoptosis), causing airway obstruction.

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Pilocarpine

A medication that mimics the effects of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter responsible for transmitting signals in the nervous system. This drug is often used to treat conditions related to low acetylcholine levels, such as glaucoma.

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Pneumonitis

Inflammation of the lungs that is not caused by an infection. Pneumonia is a type of pneumonitis.

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Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)

A type of synthetic polymer bead, often used in fillers and augmentation products, that can be injected to add volume to different areas of the body. It's often combined with materials like bovine collagen or hyaluronic acid to create a suspension.

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Intrabolus Pressures

The relationship between contraction and food bolus movement in the digestive tract is complex due to the pressures exerted from both above and below the bolus. Contractions from above push the bolus down while resistance from below slows down its movement.

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Aspiration

The process of food or liquid entering the airway during swallowing, often referred to as 'going down the wrong pipe'.

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Presbyphagia

Age-related changes in swallowing function that are not severe enough to cause difficulty swallowing, but may affect efficiency and safety for older adults.

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Primary Lactation Insufficiency

A condition where a person is unable to produce enough breast milk despite adequate stimulation from breastfeeding or pumping. The cause could be inadequate glandular tissue or unknown.

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Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP)

A rare neurological disorder that affects movement, balance, and eye control, causing eye movement difficulties, mood changes, dementia, and potentially swallowing problems.

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Prokinetic Agents

Medications that help control acid reflux by speeding up the movement of food through the digestive system.

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Motility

The ability to move food through the digestive tract, often aided by prokinetic agents.

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Aspiration

A condition where food or liquid goes into the trachea (windpipe) during swallowing, potentially leading to choking or respiratory issues.

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Study Notes

eFlashcards

  • The document is a collection of electronic flashcards.
  • The cards contain information about various medical conditions.
  • Information comes from Clinical Management of Swallowing Disorders, Sixth Edition.
  • Copyright is held by Plural Publishing, Inc.

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Description

Test your knowledge on key medical terms and physiological concepts with this quiz. Questions cover topics such as fetal alcohol syndrome, swallowing evaluation techniques, and various cranial nerves. Perfect for students in healthcare-related fields looking to reinforce their understanding.

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