Medical Term Chapter 4 Flashcards

Medical Terminology for Examinations

• Arthroscopy: Visual examination of a joint's internal structure using an endoscope.
• Bronchoscopy: Examination of the bronchial tubes using a fiber-optic endoscope.
• Colonoscopy: Direct visual assessment of the colon from the rectum to the cecum using a flexible colonoscope, allowing for comprehensive examination.
• Cystoscopy: Visual inspection of the urinary bladder using a cystoscope.
• Esophagogastroscopy: Endoscopic evaluation of the esophagus and stomach utilizing a gastroscope.
• Hysteroscopy: Direct examination of the uterus and fallopian tubes.
• Laparoscopy: Visualization of the abdominal cavity using an endoscope.
• Laryngoscopy: Visual examination of the larynx (voice box) through a laryngoscope.
• Mediastinoscopy: Endoscopic examination of the mediastinum via an incision, allowing for lymph node inspection.
• Sigmoidoscopy: Examination of the sigmoid colon and rectum using a sigmoidoscope.

Major Endocrine Glands

• Important endocrine glands include the hypothalamus, pineal gland, pituitary gland, thyroid, parathyroids, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries, and testes.

Hypothalamus

• Located below the thalamus; coordinates the autonomic nervous system and regulates the pituitary gland.
• Involved in maintaining homeostasis, appetite regulation, body temperature control, and emotional responses.

Pineal Gland

• Responsible for secreting melatonin, which regulates sleep patterns and may influence puberty onset.
• A small conical tissue mass situated behind the brain's third ventricle.

Pituitary Gland

• The central gland of the endocrine system, influences growth and controls other glands.
• Produces several critical hormones including ACTH, FSH, GH, and TSH, and connects to the hypothalamus.

Thyroid Gland

• Situated around the trachea in the neck; essential for regulating metabolism.
• Produces hormones such as Thyroxine (T4), playing a key role in metabolic processes, body heat regulation, and bone growth.

Parathyroid Gland

• Regulates calcium and phosphate levels in the blood, impacting clotting and muscle function.
• Secretes parathyroid hormone (PTH), promoting calcium reabsorption and activation of vitamin D, integral for bone remodeling and maintaining calcium balance.

This quiz focuses on Chapter 4 of medical terminology, specifically covering the definitions and procedures related to visual examinations of various body parts. Key terms include arthroscopy, bronchoscopy, and colonoscopy, among others. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of these essential medical terms.