Medical Surgical Nursing Lecture NUR81018

Questions and Answers

What is the condition of being diseased?

Morbidity

What is the term for the proportion of diseases to health in a community?

Morbidity rate

What does mortality refer to?

The condition or quality of being subject to death

What term describes the science of organisms affected by environmental factors?

Ecology Signup and view all the answers

What is the study of the patterns of health and disease in populations called?

Epidemiology Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a chronic illness?

Angina Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the goals of rehabilitation nursing?

Restoration of optimal functional capacity Signup and view all the answers

What encompasses the relationship between disease and geographical environment?

Epidemiology Signup and view all the answers

What stage involves confusion, disorganization, and denial in the psychological reactions of individuals?

Period of Confusion Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a goal of rehabilitation?

Ensuring Permanence of Disability Signup and view all the answers

What describes the relationship between the potential host's resistance and pathogens?

Host Resistance Signup and view all the answers

The rise of leptospirosis due to community flooding is an example of what?

Epidemiological Evidence Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of rehabilitation nursing?

Coordinating Rehabilitation Team Efforts Signup and view all the answers

Which principle is associated with the prevention of complications and deformities in rehabilitation?

Therapeutic Positioning Signup and view all the answers

What concept focuses on the levels of disability and the psychological stages during rehabilitation?

Rehabilitation Concepts Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by periods of remission in chronic conditions?

The disease is controlled and symptoms are not obvious. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors is not typically associated with the insidious onset of chronic conditions?

Acute traumatic incidents Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the exacerbation of a chronic illness?

Recurrence of pronounced symptoms Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best describes non-correctable changes in chronic conditions?

They result in progressive physical changes. Signup and view all the answers

How should care be planned for individuals with chronic conditions?

It should extend beyond the hospitalization period. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about chronic illness recovery?

Full recovery is impossible for all chronic illnesses. Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'left-over disabilities' refer to in chronic illness?

Permanent effects that remain after acute episodes. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an important consideration when dealing with chronic conditions?

Understanding the chronic and acute states may coexist. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary manifestation of liver cirrhosis complications?

Severe bleeding Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors can contribute to the development of liver cirrhosis?

Malnutrition Signup and view all the answers

What does pathogenesis provide insight into concerning diseases?

The development sequence of diseases Signup and view all the answers

Which condition may cause complications such as bleeding?

Cholecystitis Signup and view all the answers

Are complications like bleeding always a sequela of hemorrhagic fever in dengue patients?

No, they are not always a sequela Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication following a thyroidectomy?

Air obstruction Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about dengue disease is true?

Dengue can have bleeding but not always Signup and view all the answers

What demographic factor is mentioned as a predisposing factor for liver cirrhosis?

Gender (male) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of liver cirrhosis?

Alcoholism Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a predisposing factor for liver failure?

Advanced age Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes hypoalbuminemia in liver disease?

It leads to decreased osmotic colloidal pressure. Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by edema in the context of liver pathophysiology?

Decrease in colloidal osmotic pressure Signup and view all the answers

What role does albumin play in the body?

It maintains osmotic colloidal pressure. Signup and view all the answers

What does the irreversible nature of liver cirrhosis imply?

Damage done to the liver cannot be reversed. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms can be classified as subjective?

Fatigue Signup and view all the answers

Which type of exercise is specifically aimed at improving mobility and flexibility?

Range of Motion Exercises Signup and view all the answers

Who has a higher likelihood of developing tuberculosis (TB) due to a weakened immune system?

Immunocompromised Individuals Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the liver in the context of infection and inflammation?

It allows for fibrotic tissue development after regeneration. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a correct measure to prevent complications in individuals with restricted mobility?

Preventing Footdrop Signup and view all the answers

Which term best describes 'manifestation of perceptible changes in the body'?

Symptomatology Signup and view all the answers

What happens to liver tissue during the progression of cirrhosis?

It becomes fibrotic and scarred. Signup and view all the answers

Who is at a greater risk for HIV infections?

Drug users and those with numerous sexual partners Signup and view all the answers

What term describes an event that may disturb the body’s structure or function?

Disease Process Signup and view all the answers

What is commonly identified as the etiologic agent of tuberculosis (TB)?

Mycobacterium tuberculosis Signup and view all the answers

Which type of exercises can help treat pressure sores?

Therapeutic Exercises Signup and view all the answers

What is a common prevention strategy for bedsores in immobile patients?

Frequent change of position Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Disease Process

Disease refers to structural and functional disturbances in any part, organ, or system of the body.
Conditions can be classified as acute or chronic illnesses, affecting patient care approaches.

Terminologies

Understanding medical terms is essential for effective communication and patient care.
Key examples:
- CAD (Coronary Artery Disease) includes angina and myocardial infarction (MI).
- Diseases linked to specific vectors include:
  - Malaria (transmitted by Anopheles mosquitoes)
  - Dengue (transmitted by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes)
  - Rabies (typically through dog bites)
  - Leptospirosis (associated with floodwaters)
  - Tuberculosis (managed with RIPES treatment protocol)

Factors Affecting Patient Needs

Chronic illnesses lead to complex healthcare needs requiring tailored interventions and support.

Effects of Chronic Illness

Chronic conditions increase morbidity, reflecting a higher prevalence of disease in populations.
Morbidity rate indicates the proportion of unhealthy individuals within a community.

Nursing Interventions

Focus on restoring optimal functional capacity and preventing complications.
Provide psychosocial care and continuous assessment of patient conditions.
Essential to include follow-up and home care for long-term patient support.

Rehabilitative Nursing

Involves restoration and maintenance of function for patients with disabilities.
Key components include:
- Understanding principles of rehabilitation and setting achievable goals.
- Identifying levels of disability and planning interventions accordingly.

Rehabilitation Team

Collaboration among healthcare professionals is crucial for effective rehabilitation strategies.
The team approach addresses various causes of disability and develops comprehensive care plans.

Ecology and Disease

Ecology studies the relationship between disease and the environment.
Understanding environmental factors helps in preventing disease outbreaks.

Epidemiology

The discipline that examines patterns of health and disease, aiming for disease control and prevention.
Looks into the distribution and occurrence of illnesses to inform public health strategies.

Preservative and Restorative Methods

Preservative methods focus on maintaining the integrity of biological specimens.
Restorative methods aim to restore functionality and enhance recovery in patients.

Rehabilitation Concepts

Rehabilitation principles guide recovery processes; levels of disability help tailor interventions.
Goals of rehabilitation include maximizing independence and improving quality of life.

Rehabilitation Nursing

Involves a collaborative rehabilitation team addressing the causes of disability.
Disuse syndrome arises when patients lack movement, leading to further complications.

Stages of Psychological Reaction

Confusion, disorganization, and denial often characterize initial reactions to disability.
Common subsequent stages include depression, anxiety, and eventual adaptation and adjustment.

Complication Prevention and Management

Key preventive strategies include proper positioning and therapeutic exercises.
Specific exercises focus on increasing range of motion and preventing conditions like foot drop and bedsores.

Disease Process and Terminologies

Disease refers to structural or functional disturbances within the body.
Comorbidities are concurrent conditions that can complicate treatment and recovery.

Symptomatology

Symptoms are subjective experiences indicating a phase of disease, such as fatigue or nausea.
Objective symptoms are observable evidence documented through medical examination.

Pathophysiology of Liver Failure/Cirrhosis

Alcoholism is a leading etiologic factor, with predisposing factors including male gender and prior liver damage.
Chronic liver damage can result in fibrosis and progressive scarring leading to cirrhosis, an irreversible condition.

Hypoalbuminemia

A decrease in albumin production affects osmotic pressure, potentially resulting in conditions like edema.
Hypoalbuminemia can lead to complications such as ascites and increased bleeding risk.

Pathogenesis

Pathogenesis investigates how diseases develop, with factors including alcohol use, malnutrition, and hepatitis affecting liver health.
Complications can arise from various medical conditions, with each presenting distinct risk factors.

Occupational Factors

Health issues can be influenced by occupational exposure, necessitating tailored interventions for affected individuals.

Disability Recovery Dynamics

Recovery can lead to partial improvements, but some disabilities may persist despite rehabilitation efforts.
Patient management must consider both acute and chronic conditions concurrently for comprehensive care.

Remission and Exacerbation

Remission refers to periods of controlled disease activity, while exacerbation indicates a flare-up of symptoms requiring medical attention.

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Description

This quiz covers the essential concepts discussed in the Medical Surgical Nursing lecture by Asst. Prof. Margaret M. Natividad. It includes a detailed outline of diseases and the various stressors encountered in nursing practice. Prepare to test your knowledge and understanding of the critical topics in this first-semester course.