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Questions and Answers

Where is the heart snugly enclosed?

  • In the superior mediastinum
  • In the posterior mediastinum
  • In the middle mediastinum (correct)
  • In the anterior mediastinum

Which of the following is NOT included in the ready-to-study notes about the cardiovascular system?

  • Physiology of Myocardial Ischaemia
  • Physiology of Hypertension
  • Anatomy & Physiology of Blood Vessels
  • Pathology of Hypertension (correct)

What does the abbreviation ECG stand for in the notes?

  • Electrocephaologram
  • Electrocardiogram (correct)
  • Electrochromatogram
  • Electrocarcinogram

Which of the following is NOT a part of the ready-to-study notes about the cardiovascular system?

<p>Lymphangitis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do the notes mention about the location of the heart?

<p>Middle mediastinum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a topic covered in the pathology notes of the cardiovascular system?

<p>Varicose Veins (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the Middle Mediastinum located?

<p>Inferior to the sternal angle (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Fibrous Pericardium?

<p>Protects the heart (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the Heart Wall prevents clotting of blood within the heart?

<p>Endocardium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What structures anchor the heart and prevent overfilling?

<p>Fibrous Pericardium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the Pericardium lines the external surface of the heart?

<p>Visceral Layer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The Middle Mediastinum rests on which anatomical structure?

<p>Diaphragm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Posterior Interventricular Sulcus?

<p>Contains the Posterior Descending Artery (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which side of the heart pumps blood through the pulmonary circuit?

<p>Right side (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is unique about the coronary circulation in terms of blood supply?

<p>Supply blood to the myocardium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which artery encircles the heart in the coronary sulcus?

<p>Left Coronary Artery (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to blood flowing through the pulmonary circuit?

<p>Gains oxygen and loses carbon dioxide (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do arteries supplying blood to the myocardium lie?

<p>Epicardium (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average delay provided by the Bundle Branches for the impulse from the SinoAtrial Node?

<p>100ms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the average heart rate range of the Bundle Branches (Bundles of His)?

<p>20-40bpm (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where do the Purkinje Fibres begin their impulse transmission?

<p>At the heart apex (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which portion of the myocardium do the Bundle Branches serve?

<p>Transmits impulses to the R &amp; L Bundle Branches (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the Bundle Branches in the conduction network?

<p>To conduct SA Node impulses to Purkinje Fibres (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where are the Purkinje Fibres located within the heart?

<p>Just below the Endocardium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is responsible for sustaining the Plateau phase in cardiac muscle cells?

<p>Influx of Ca+ ions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During repolarization, what happens to the Ca+ channels and the K+ channels?

<p>Influxing Ca+ channels close, effluxing K+ channels open (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does the Na/K-ATPase play in relation to excess ions in cardiac muscle cells?

<p>Removes excess Na+ from depolarization (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the Absolute Refractory Period in cardiac muscle?

<p>Lasts approximately 200ms and extends from peak to plateau to halfway-repolarized (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of the Relative Refractory Period in cardiac muscle cells?

<p>Na+ channels are closed but can still respond to a stronger stimulus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it critical that the Absolute Refractory Period lasts until muscle relaxation in cardiac muscle?

<p>To prevent summation and the occurrence of tetany (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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