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Questions and Answers

Where is the heart snugly enclosed?

  • In the superior mediastinum
  • In the posterior mediastinum
  • In the middle mediastinum (correct)
  • In the anterior mediastinum
  • Which of the following is NOT included in the ready-to-study notes about the cardiovascular system?

  • Physiology of Myocardial Ischaemia
  • Physiology of Hypertension
  • Anatomy & Physiology of Blood Vessels
  • Pathology of Hypertension (correct)
  • What does the abbreviation ECG stand for in the notes?

  • Electrocephaologram
  • Electrocardiogram (correct)
  • Electrochromatogram
  • Electrocarcinogram
  • Which of the following is NOT a part of the ready-to-study notes about the cardiovascular system?

    <p>Lymphangitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the notes mention about the location of the heart?

    <p>Middle mediastinum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a topic covered in the pathology notes of the cardiovascular system?

    <p>Varicose Veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the Middle Mediastinum located?

    <p>Inferior to the sternal angle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Fibrous Pericardium?

    <p>Protects the heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the Heart Wall prevents clotting of blood within the heart?

    <p>Endocardium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structures anchor the heart and prevent overfilling?

    <p>Fibrous Pericardium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the Pericardium lines the external surface of the heart?

    <p>Visceral Layer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The Middle Mediastinum rests on which anatomical structure?

    <p>Diaphragm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the Posterior Interventricular Sulcus?

    <p>Contains the Posterior Descending Artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which side of the heart pumps blood through the pulmonary circuit?

    <p>Right side</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is unique about the coronary circulation in terms of blood supply?

    <p>Supply blood to the myocardium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery encircles the heart in the coronary sulcus?

    <p>Left Coronary Artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to blood flowing through the pulmonary circuit?

    <p>Gains oxygen and loses carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do arteries supplying blood to the myocardium lie?

    <p>Epicardium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average delay provided by the Bundle Branches for the impulse from the SinoAtrial Node?

    <p>100ms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average heart rate range of the Bundle Branches (Bundles of His)?

    <p>20-40bpm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the Purkinje Fibres begin their impulse transmission?

    <p>At the heart apex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which portion of the myocardium do the Bundle Branches serve?

    <p>Transmits impulses to the R &amp; L Bundle Branches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the Bundle Branches in the conduction network?

    <p>To conduct SA Node impulses to Purkinje Fibres</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the Purkinje Fibres located within the heart?

    <p>Just below the Endocardium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is responsible for sustaining the Plateau phase in cardiac muscle cells?

    <p>Influx of Ca+ ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During repolarization, what happens to the Ca+ channels and the K+ channels?

    <p>Influxing Ca+ channels close, effluxing K+ channels open</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the Na/K-ATPase play in relation to excess ions in cardiac muscle cells?

    <p>Removes excess Na+ from depolarization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the Absolute Refractory Period in cardiac muscle?

    <p>Lasts approximately 200ms and extends from peak to plateau to halfway-repolarized</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key characteristic of the Relative Refractory Period in cardiac muscle cells?

    <p>Na+ channels are closed but can still respond to a stronger stimulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it critical that the Absolute Refractory Period lasts until muscle relaxation in cardiac muscle?

    <p>To prevent summation and the occurrence of tetany</p> Signup and view all the answers

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