Clinical Anatomy Notes

• These notes cover clinical anatomy for medical students, focusing on key anatomical questions and concepts.

Epiploic Foramen

• The superior boundary is the caudate process of the caudate lobe of the liver.

Ascites

• Gastritis is less likely to produce ascites compared to hepatic cirrhosis, cancer of the ovary, and congestive heart failure.

Duodenal Ulcers

• An important factor in the production of an ulcer in the anterolateral wall of the first part of the duodenum is acid chyme squirting as the stomach empties.

Appendix Infections

• The appendix is prone to infection due to having a large amount of lymphoid tissue in its wall, a lumen tending to become obstructed by hardened intestinal contents, a long small artery that does not anastomose with any other artery, and it is a long narrow blind-ended tube encouraging stasis of large bowel contents.

Diverticulosis

• Diverticulosis occurs at points where the circular muscle is weakest, specifically where bloods vessels pierce the muscles, leading to herniation lining mucosa through the circular muscle between taenia coli.

Aneurysms of the Abdominal Aorta

• Aneurysms usually occur below the origin of the renal arteries, are related to atherosclerosis, and large aneurysms should be surgically excised and replaced with a graft.

Colic

• Compression of the inferior vena cava, intestinal obstruction, and passage of a stone in the ureter can cause colic.

Total Gastrectomy

• Total gastrectomy for gastric cancer does not include the removal of the head of the pancreas.

Inguinal Hernias

• Herniorrhaphy of an indirect inguinal repair consists of the repair of the floor of the inguinal canal, which is formed by the inguinal ligament.

Spinal Tap

• During a spinal tap, the spinal needle is inserted between the L3 and L4 vertebrae.

Rectus Sheath

• The crescenteric inferior border of the posterior rectus sheath is the arcuate line of Douglas.

Intraperitoneal Organs

• The jejunum is an intraperitoneal organ.

Femoral Ring

• The femoral ring is theis the medial pening of the inguinal canal.

Neck Anatomy

• The anterior rami of the C1-C4 spinal nerves, the investing layer of the deep cervical fascia forms the stylomandibular ligament, and the pretracheal fascia is attached superiorly to the hyoid bone.

Submental and Digastrics Triangles

• The floor is formed by the mylohyoid.

Digastric Triangle

• Surgical procedures at the digastric triangle could possibly injure several nerves, except for the vagus nerve.

Cricothyroidotomy

• In doing cricothyroidotomy, hemorrhage can occur from accidental injury to branches of the superior thyroid artery.

Stellate Ganglion Block

• In doing stellate ganglion block, the needle is inserted through the skin over the carotid tubercle, a part of the 6th cerival vertebra

Front Sinusitis

• Frontal sinusitis nearly always involves the anterior ethmoidal sinus.

Trigeminal Nerve

• The great auricular nerve supplies that area of the face not supplied to the trigeminal nerve.

Chordtympani

• On its way to the tongue, the chorda tympani enters the infratermporal fossa through the petrotympanic fissure.

Foramen Lacerum

• The foramen lacerum of the cranial fossa receives the carotid canal.

"Leg Area" of the Cerebral Cortex

• The artery lies in the longitudinal fissure of the cerebrum and is a component of the circulus arteiosus.

Sensory Nerve to Tip of Nose

• The sensory nerve supplying the tip of the nose is the distal continuation of the anterior ethmoidal nerve.

Innervation of the Eye

• The most slender cranial nerve that innervates the extracular muslce that of the superior oblique.

Retina

• The retina extends anteriorly as far as the ora serrata.

Walls of the Middle Ear

• Concerning the walls of the middle ear, the posterior wall contains the origin of stapedius.

Epistaxis

• Epistaxis usually occur upon rupture of the anastomosing branches of the greater palatine and sphenopalatine arteries.

Vestibular Ligaments of the Larynx

• The inferior margin of the quadrangular membrane is represented the vestibular ligaments of the larynx.

Frey's Syndrome

• Results from the following nerve damage: auriculotemporal and zygomaticotemporal.

Ureter

• In the pelvic cavity, the ureter turns medially towards the urinary bladder at the level of the sacral promontory.

Caldwell-Moloy Pelvic Classification

• A transversely wide pelvis is classified as platypelloid.

Anorectal Ring

• Composed of the internal anal sphincter, external anal sphincter (deep part), and puborectalis.

Internal Iliac Artery

• ALL branches of the internal iliac branch pass through the foramen EXCEPT the obturator.

Sigmoid Mesocolon

• Structure lies at the apex: superior rectal artery.

Pelvic Inlet

• Bound by all expect: ischial spine.

Voluntary Control of Micturition

• Is done at the level of the apex of the urinary bladder.

Pudendal Nerve

• Major branches in the perineum & passes within the pelvic cavity via thelesser foramen.

Connective Tissue

• Main cell for repair is the fibroblast.

Bones

• Type is the one that consist consist inorganic salts.

Spinal Cord

• Segment fascicules Cuneatus, Cervical.

Lamination

• Coordinates function of cranial nerves medial longitudal fascicules.

Pupilliary

• Efferont Edinger,trochlear nucleus.

3rd Ventricle

• cerebral aqueduct.

Post Thyroidectomy

• Hypeness results from accidcuting interior thyroid artery.

Anterior fasial compartment

• Femoral

SADDLE JOINT

• JOINT THUMB

ALL About adrenal galnd, except

• adrenal veins drain into the inferior vena cava.

Kympericks palsy / klumpke's palsy is characterized by

lower branchial pleaus.

In the upper extremities

• medial is affected.

Bone cells

• medullary cavity / ostium, as one remains not effected the bone heals porperly.

Muscle injured

• superclaviculr.

4th intercostal space @ right sternal is heart

RIGHT ATRIUM

Pulmonary Stenoisis

• PULMONARY valve is heard @ 2nd left upper chest

Kidneys at ribes

• at T10 rib.

Superior Vena Cava injury

THORATHIC DUTT.

Serratus Anterior

• LONG thoracic nerveterm-3

Concise clinical anatomy notes covering key anatomical concepts relevant to medical students. Topics include the epiploic foramen, ascites, duodenal ulcers, appendix infections, and diverticulosis. Notes also explain the causes and important factors relating to each topic.