Medical Specimen Examination Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is the most common procedure performed to examine for parasites?

  • Examination of a blood film
  • Examination of a stool specimen for Ova and Parasites (O&P) (correct)
  • Examination of a cerebrospinal fluid sample
  • Examination of a tissue biopsy

    • What is the recommended timeframe for examining a formed stool specimen?

  • Within 10 days
  • Within 1 hour
  • Within 30 minutes
  • Within 24 hours (correct)

    • What is the recommended timeframe for examining a watery stool specimen?

  • Within 30 minutes (correct)
  • Within 24 hours
  • Within 10 days
  • Within 1 hour

    • What is the recommended number of stool specimens to be collected for a routine stool examination?

    <p>3 specimens collected over 10 days</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following substances should be avoided prior to collecting a stool specimen for parasite examination?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum recommended storage time for a stool specimen prior to examination?

    <p>24 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended fixative to specimen volume ratio?

    <p>3:1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which preservative is commonly used to preserve fresh stool for staining?

    <p>Schaudinn’s Solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended concentration of Formalin for preserving helminth eggs and larvae?

    <p>10%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which preservative does not contain mercuric chloride and has a long shelf-life?

    <p>Sodium Acetate-Acetic Acid Formalin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would be the most appropriate method for concentrating preserved stool?

    <p>Ether/Ethyl Acetate Concentration Technique</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which preservative was once considered the 'gold standard' for preserving protozoan trophozoites and cysts?

    <p>Schaudinn’s Solution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following parasites can cause auto-reinfection or hyperinfection in an already infected individual?

    <p>Strongyloides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of the parasite is most important to consider when transporting clinical specimens to the laboratory?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding the pre-patent period and clinical incubation period?

    <p>The pre-patent period is the time between infection and the development of symptoms, while the clinical incubation period is the time between infection and evidence of demonstration of infection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following parasites is a cestode (tapeworm)?

    <p>Taenia solium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of sanitation in the context of parasitic infections?

    <p>To provide access to adequate facilities for the safe disposal of human excreta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms refers to an individual who harbors a pathogen but does not exhibit symptoms?

    <p>Carrier</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common name for Ascaris lumbricoides?

    <p>Giant Intestinal Roundworm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following nematodes is a member of Soil Transmitted Helminths (STH)?

    <p>Strongyloides stercoralis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the habitat of Trichinella spiralis (adult) located?

    <p>Muscle Tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nematode has the diagnostic stage of Ova found in the stool?

    <p>Ascaris lumbricoides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which part of the body does Strongyloides stercoralis reside?

    <p>Small Intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the vector of Ascaris lumbricoides?

    <p>Flies and Cockroaches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does Ascaris lumbricoides primarily reside in the human body?

    <p>Small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common name for Trichinella spiralis?

    <p>Porkworm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adult worm is characterized by an anterior end with lateral wings or cephalic alae?

    <p>Ascaris lumbricoides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which part of the human body do hookworms typically mature into adults?

    <p>Small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary symptom associated with pinworm infection?

    <p>Pruritus ani</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of chemoreceptor is most likely responsible for the increased eosinophil count observed in Ascaris pneumonitis?

    <p>Chemoreceptors sensitive to eosinophil chemoattractants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Based on the information provided, which adult worm is most likely to reside in the large intestine?

    <p>Enterobius vermicularis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about Ascaris lumbricoides is correct?

    <p>It can cause visceral larva migrans and ocular larva migrans in humans.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following parasites is most likely to cause autoinfection in the host?

    <p>Enterobius vermicularis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment option for a patient with visceral larva migrans caused by Toxocara species?

    <p>Albendazole</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the primary mode of transmission for Trichinella spiralis?

    <p>Ingestion of undercooked pork or wild game</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the habitat of Ancylostoma braziliense?

    <p>Large Intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nematode species has the larva L3 stage characterized by a short and stout body?

    <p>Ancylostoma caninum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common name for Necator americanus?

    <p>American Hookworm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nematode species has an adult specie with 2 pairs of teeth?

    <p>Ancylostoma duodenale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the larva L1 (rhabditiform larva) of Ancylostoma caninum have an open mouth for feeding?

    <p>Small Intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the life cycle of hookworms, which stage is characterized by a sheathed, pointed tail?

    <p>L3 (filariform larva)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of transmission for the threadworm, Strongyloides stercoralis?

    <p>Penetration of the skin by the infective larval stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the most characteristic symptom of the acute gastrointestinal phase of hookworm infection?

    <p>Increased eosinophilia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary diagnostic stage used to identify an infection with the threadworm, Strongyloides stercoralis?

    <p>Rhabditiform larvae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the most significant pathological consequence of heavy hookworm infection?

    <p>Chronic iron-deficiency anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary location where the adult stage of Strongyloides stercoralis resides in the human host?

    <p>Small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which Strongyloides stercoralis can cause a severe, life-threatening condition known as hyperinfection?

    <p>Autoinfection, where the rhabditiform larvae develop into filariform larvae and re-infect the host</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which parasite is known to cause a serious life-threatening condition characterized by diarrhea, respiratory distress, hypoalbuminemia, and edema?

    <p>Strongyloides fuelleborni</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mode of transmission for Anisakis simplex, the 'Herringworm' or 'Codworm' parasite?

    <p>Ingestion of raw fish infected with the larval stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the definitive host for the Anisakis simplex parasite?

    <p>Whales and dolphins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which parasite is known to cause a condition called 'Larva Currens', characterized by tracks under the skin from worm migration?

    <p>Strongyloides stercoralis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following parasites is known to cause an allergic reaction at the site of larval penetration?

    <p>Anisakis simplex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which parasite is known to cause a condition called 'Vietnam Diarrhea' or 'Cochin China Diarrhea', characterized by intermittent diarrhea?

    <p>Strongyloides stercoralis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the habitat of Trichinella spiralis larva?

    <p>Skeletal muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a common name for Trichinella spiralis?

    <p>Heartworm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which host does Trichinella spiralis reach its adult stage?

    <p>Pigs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of transmission for Trichinella spiralis to infect humans?

    <p>Ingestion of undercooked meat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main habitat of adult Trichinella spiralis within the host?

    <p>Small Intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the life cycle of Trichinella spiralis?

    <p>Adults produce eggs in the small intestine, eggs are passed in feces, and larvae encyst in muscle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which host serves as a Dead-end Host for Trichinella spiralis?

    <p>Humans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the larva L3 stage of Parastrongylus cantonensis move to after being ingested by an intermediate host?

    <p>Brain and spinal cord</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which host serves as the natural or definitive host for Rat Lungworm (Parastrongylus cantonensis)?

    <p>Rats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the infective stage of Trichinella spiralis found within the human host?

    <p>Muscle tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the life cycle of Trichinella spiralis, what is the impact of thorough cooking of meats from infected animals?

    <p>Reduces the viability of the organism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of appearance does the adult female worm of Parastrongylus cantonensis exhibit?

    <p>Looping of whitish uterus to a red digestive tract</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mode of transmission for Parastrongylus cantonensis to humans?

    <p>Ingestion of molluscs, slugs, or snails containing infective larvae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which part of the body do the adult filarial worms like Parastrongylus cantonensis primarily reside?

    <p>Lymphatic system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method of treatment for infections caused by Trichinella spiralis larvae within muscle tissue?

    <p>Removal of muscle with encysted larvae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term is used to describe the localized areas of transient angioedema seen in onchocerciasis?

    <p>Fugitive Swelling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vector is responsible for transmitting Loa loa, the African Eye worm?

    <p>Culicoides spp. (Midge)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do Mansonella ozzardi primarily reside in the human host?

    <p>Skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which Mansonella species has nuclei that extend to the tip of the tail bent in the form of a shepherd’s crook?

    <p>Mansonella perstans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the common name for Ozzard’s filariasis caused by Mansonella ozzardi?

    <p>New World Filaria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage is considered the diagnostic stage for Loa loa when found in peripheral blood?

    <p>Microfilariae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definitive mode of diagnosis for identifying adult worm presence in onchocerciasis?

    <p>Skin snips/skin biopsies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition may occur in onchocerciasis where encephalopathy, cardiomyopathy, and nephropathy develop?

    <p>Fugitive Swelling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about Mansonella streptocerca is correct?

    <p>Humans are the definitive hosts, and it primarily causes subcutaneous nodules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the infective stage of Dirofilaria immitis, the dog heartworm?

    <p>Filariform larva (L3)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about Gnathostoma spinigerum is correct?

    <p>Its first intermediate host is Cyclops, and its second intermediate host is freshwater fish or frogs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mode of transmission for Thelazia callipaeda, the Oriental Eye Worm?

    <p>Fly (Musca/Fannia) feeding on lacrimal secretions and transmitting the L3 larvae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the periodicity of microfilariae is correct?

    <p>Periodicity of microfilariae depends on the specific filarial nematode species.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the primary habitat of adult filarial worms in humans?

    <p>Blood vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the life cycle of filarial nematodes is correct?

    <p>Humans are the definitive hosts, and insects are the intermediate hosts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the diagnostic stages of filarial nematodes is correct?

    <p>The diagnostic stage can be either the adult worm or the microfilariae, depending on the specific nematode.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes the life cycle of Dracunculus medinensis (Guinea Worm)?

    <p>The adult worm resides in the subcutaneous tissue, and larvae are released into water sources when in contact with water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes the periodicity of microfilariae in filarial infections?

    <p>Diurnal periodicity refers to microfilariae being present in the bloodstream during the day.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following characteristics is used to speciate microfilariae in blood nematode infections?

    <p>The distribution of nuclei within the tail and the presence or absence of a sheath.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes the habitat and hosts of filarial worms?

    <p>Adult worms reside in the subcutaneous tissue, with arthropods as the intermediate host and humans as the final host.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following filarial worms shows nocturnal periodicity and is transmitted by Aedes, Anopheles, and Mansonia mosquitoes?

    <p>Brugia malayi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following features distinguishes Brugia malayi microfilariae from those of Wuchereria bancrofti?

    <p>Brugia malayi microfilariae have two terminal nuclei, while Wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae do not.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following parasites is known as the 'River Blindness Worm' or 'Blinding Worm' and is transmitted by Simulium black flies?

    <p>Onchocerca volvulus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes the habitat of adult filarial worms?

    <p>Adult filarial worms reside in the lymphatic system or subcutaneous tissue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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