Medical Quiz on Steroids and Eye Conditions
47 Questions
2 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to Lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is a possible consequence of abruptly discontinuing steroid medication?

  • Reduced risk of infection
  • Increased energy levels
  • Improved vision
  • Adrenal insufficiency (correct)

Which of the following is a risk associated with long-term steroid use?

  • Hypertension (correct)
  • Improved wound healing
  • Anemia
  • Hypoglycemia

What symptom should be reported immediately to a healthcare provider while on steroid medication?

  • Nausea
  • Fatigue
  • Increased appetite
  • Headaches (correct)

What characterizes a corneal abrasion?

<p>Cutting or scratching of the corneal epithelium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common cause of corneal abrasions?

<p>Increased intraocular pressure (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common form of corneal ulceration?

<p>Superficial ulcer limited to the corneal epithelium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How often do eye-related diagnoses constitute total ER visits?

<p>8% (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor plays a significant role in the development of corneal ulceration?

<p>Mechanical trauma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of giant cell arteritis?

<p>Vasculitis of large- and medium-sized vessels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which population has the highest incidence of giant cell arteritis?

<p>People aged 70 to 80 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom associated with giant cell arteritis?

<p>Scalp tenderness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary distinguishing factor between postseptal and preseptal cellulitis?

<p>Location relative to the orbital septum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What potential risk does untreated giant cell arteritis pose?

<p>Irreversible vision loss (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which demographic is most affected by giant cell arteritis?

<p>Women of Northern European descent (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which age group has a higher incidence of orbital cellulitis?

<p>Young children (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common complication associated with orbital cellulitis?

<p>Vision loss (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between BMI and the risk of giant cell arteritis?

<p>Lower BMI increases risk (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of syndrome may present with giant cell arteritis symptoms?

<p>Polymyalgia rheumatica (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What common condition is often associated with the development of orbital cellulitis?

<p>Sinusitis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following organisms is less commonly associated with orbital cellulitis?

<p>Eikenella corrodens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which condition is inflammation of the aorta observed in about 50% of the cases?

<p>Temporal arteritis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What anatomical structure separates preseptal cellulitis from orbital cellulitis?

<p>Orbital septum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How has the incidence of orbital cellulitis changed with recent medical advancements?

<p>Declined since Hib vaccination (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a concern related to immunocompromised patients with orbital cellulitis?

<p>Streptococcus pneumoniae (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key factor that increases the risk of adverse outcomes in orbital conditions?

<p>Immunosuppressed patients (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition must be differentiated from orbital cellulitis?

<p>Preseptal cellulitis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is specific to orbital cellulitis and not typically found in preseptal cellulitis?

<p>Proptosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended imaging method for suspicion of orbital cellulitis?

<p>Contrast CT scan (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common adverse outcome associated with untreated orbital conditions?

<p>Central retinal artery occlusion (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a preventative measure for orbital injuries?

<p>Infrequent dental check-ups (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical sign of orbital cellulitis during a physical exam?

<p>Pain with eye movements (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first-line treatment approach for diagnosed orbital cellulitis?

<p>Immediate IV antibiotics and hospital admission (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done once the pain from topical NSAIDs decreases?

<p>Discontinue the topical NSAIDs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following antibiotics is recommended for large, dirty abrasions?

<p>Polymyxin B/trimethoprim (Polytrim) (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary treatment for herpetic keratitis?

<p>Trifluridine (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should a patient with a corneal abrasion follow up with a healthcare provider?

<p>For lesions greater than 4 mm with decreased vision (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common complication of corneal abrasions?

<p>Loss of vision (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following should prompt referral to an ophthalmologist?

<p>Chemical burn (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment is typically used for fungal keratitis?

<p>Extended topical antifungal agents (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a factor requiring close patient monitoring?

<p>Increase in size of abrasion after 24 hours (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which age group is most commonly affected by periorbital cellulitis?

<p>Children around 21 months (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes periorbital cellulitis from orbital cellulitis?

<p>Location of the infection relative to the orbital septum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical aspect of ongoing care for patients with orbital cellulitis?

<p>Serial visual acuity testing and slit lamp exams (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of cases historically resulted in blindness before the use of antibiotics?

<p>20% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following should be avoided to prevent periorbital cellulitis?

<p>Avoiding skin or lid trauma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common cause for the increased incidence of periorbital cellulitis in winter months?

<p>Increased cases of sinusitis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is NOT a potential complication of orbital cellulitis?

<p>Tooth decay (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Temporal Arteritis

Chronic inflammation of large blood vessels, mostly in the head.

GCA (Giant Cell Arteritis)

Another name for Temporal Arteritis, focuses on the cells involved in the inflammation.

Ophthalmic artery occlusion

Blockage of the eye's blood supply; a serious risk in Temporal Arteritis.

Jaw claudication

Painful jaw movement; a symptom of Temporal Arteritis.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Risk of vision loss

Severe vision loss is a possible consequence (if untreated) of Temporal Arteritis.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Medical emergency

Temporal Arteritis is considered an urgent medical condition if left untreated.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Systemic vasculitis

Inflammation of blood vessels throughout the body.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Most common age group

People over 50 years of age have the highest risk of experiencing Temporal Arteritis.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Steroid Discontinuation Risk

Stopping steroid use abruptly can cause adrenal insufficiency and disease relapse.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Long-Term Steroid Risks

Long-term steroid use increases risk of infection, high blood sugar, weight gain, poor wound healing, osteoporosis, and high blood pressure.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Relapse Potential

Disease can return (relapse) after treatment even if symptoms improve.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Corneal Abrasion

Scratching of the cornea's surface, often due to trauma.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Corneal Ulceration

A break in the cornea's surface leading to damage beneath the surface.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Corneal Abrasion Cause

Most frequently caused by mechanical factors (scraping, scratching) and occasionally by foreign objects, inappropriate contact lens use or chemicals

Signup and view all the flashcards

Vision Loss and Aortitis

Severe aortitis (inflammation of the aorta) can negatively affect life expectancy.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Corneal Injury Epidemiology

Corneal abrasions are a frequent reason for eye-related visits to emergency rooms and the third most common cause of red eyes after conjunctivitis and subconjunctival hemorrhage.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Corneal Abrasion Treatment

Small abrasions (<4mm) may not need follow-up and can be treated with topical antibiotics. Larger abrasions (>4mm), painful abrasions, or those caused by contact lenses should be followed up within 24 hours.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ophthalmic NSAIDs Caution

Ophthalmic NSAIDs may cause corneal melting and perforation, and should be stopped once pain subsides to help corneal wound healing.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Corneal Abrasion Referral

Refer patients for chemical burns, ulceration evidence, slow healing, foreign body removal failures, enlarging abrasions after 24 hours, penetrating injuries, hyphema/hypopyon, rust ring, vision loss (>20/40), worsening symptoms.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Follow-up for Corneal Abrasions

Small, uncomplicated abrasions with normal vision and resolving symptoms may not need follow-up; larger, vision-impaired abrasions, or abrasions due to contact lenses need follow-up within 24 hours.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Large Corneal Abrasions

Corneal abrasions larger than 4mm, or very painful abrasions, require combined topical antibiotic and NSAID treatment.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Fungal Keratitis Treatment

Fungal keratitis requires a prolonged course of topical antifungal medications, usually only prescribed and monitored by an ophthalmologist.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Herpetic Keratitis

Herpetic keratitis requires immediate consultation and treatment by an ophthalmologist, with trifluridine being a common initial treatment.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Corneal Abrasion Healing Time

Corneal abrasions typically heal within 24 to 72 hours, but some symptoms may take longer to resolve.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Orbital Cellulitis

A severe, vision-threatening infection of the orbital contents behind the orbital septum.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Preseptal Cellulitis

Infection anterior to the orbital septum, unlike orbital cellulitis.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Etiology of Orbital Cellulitis

Often linked to sinusitis, especially ethmoid sinus infection.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Sinusitis in Orbital Cellulitis

Common association, present in around 80-100% of cases.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Common Organisms (Orbital Cellulitis)

Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Streptococcus anginosus are frequent causes.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Lamina Papyracea

Thin bone separating the ethmoid sinus from the orbit.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Orbital Septum

Connective tissue barrier separating the preseptal and orbital spaces.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Incidence Decline

Orbital cellulitis occurrence has reduced with Hib vaccination.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Proptosis

Bulging of the eye out of the socket. A sign of orbital cellulitis.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Ophthalmoplegia

Paralysis of the eye muscles, making it difficult to move the eye. A sign of orbital cellulitis.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Contrast CT Scan

The imaging tool of choice for diagnosing orbital cellulitis.

Signup and view all the flashcards

IV Antibiotics

Urgent treatment for orbital cellulitis to fight infection.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis

A dangerous complication of orbital cellulitis where a blood clot forms in the cavernous sinus.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Meningitis

Inflammation of the membranes surrounding the brain and spinal cord. A serious complication of untreated orbital cellulitis.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What is periorbital cellulitis?

An infection of the skin and fat tissue just in front of the eye socket. It doesn't reach the inner eye structures.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What's the difference between periorbital and orbital cellulitis?

Periorbital is in front of the orbital septum, while orbital cellulitis is behind it, affecting the eye's deeper structures.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Why is prompt diagnosis essential?

Orbital cellulitis can be dangerous, potentially leading to vision loss or even death.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are some key symptoms of periorbital cellulitis?

Redness, swelling, tenderness around the eye, possibly fever.

Signup and view all the flashcards

How is periorbital cellulitis typically treated?

Antibiotics are the primary treatment, often given in the form of intravenous injections.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are some common complications of periorbital cellulitis?

Vision loss, brain involvement, and even death are potential serious risks.

Signup and view all the flashcards

What are some follow-up recommendations for periorbital cellulitis?

Regular eye exams and visual acuity testing are essential after treatment.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Why is good hygiene important for periorbital cellulitis?

Preventing infection spread is vital, hand washing and avoiding skin trauma are key.

Signup and view all the flashcards

Study Notes

Index of Topics

  • Temporal Arteritis (pg. 2)
  • Corneal Abrasion and Ulceration (pg. 5)
  • Cellulitis (orbital pg. 8 and periorbital pg. 12)
  • Conjunctivitis (pg. 16)
  • Dental Infection (pg. 21)
  • Glaucoma (primary closed pg. 24 and primary open pg. 28)
  • Hearing Loss (pg. 32)
  • Herpes Eye Infections (pg. 36)
  • Hordeolum (pg. 40)
  • Laryngitis (pg. 43)
  • Mastoiditis (pg. 47)
  • Meniere Disease (pg. 52)
  • Mumps (pg. 56)
  • Nasal Polyps (pg. 60)
  • Optic Neuritis (pg. 63)
  • Otitis Externa (pg. 67)
  • Otitis Media (pg. 70)
  • Otitis Media with Effusion (pg. 75)
  • Parotitis (acute and chronic pg. 77)
  • Pharyngitis (pg. 81)
  • Presbycusis (pg. 85)
  • Retinal Detachment (pg. 89)
  • Retinopathy (pg. 93)
  • Rhinitis (pg. 97)
  • Sialadenitis (Salivary Gland Calculi) (pg. 101)
  • Scleritis (pg. 105)
  • Sinusitis (pg. 108)
  • Sjögren Syndrome (pg. 112)
  • Subconjunctival hemorrhage (pg. 116)
  • Temporomandibular Joint Disorder (pg. 119)
  • Tinea Capitis (pg. 123)
  • Tinnitus (pg. 126)
  • Trigeminal Neuralgia (pg. 130)
  • Vertigo (pg. 134)
  • Vincent Stomatitis (pg. 137)

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Quiz Team

Related Documents

HEENT 4 PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on the effects of steroid medication and various eye conditions. This quiz covers important symptoms, risks associated with long-term steroid use, and details on corneal abrasions and giant cell arteritis. Perfect for medical students and healthcare professionals looking to assess their understanding of these topics.

More Like This

Use Quizgecko on...
Browser
Open
Browser
Browser