Medical Quiz on Malignancies and Carcinomas

A disease characterized by the formation of fibrous nodules in the lungs, caused by the inhalation of various types of dust.

A form of pneumoconiosis caused by the inhalation of asbestos fibers, leading to fibrosis and scarring of the lungs, increasing the risk of lung cancer and mesothelioma.

A type of lung disease caused by an increase in pressure within the pulmonary arteries, making the right ventricle work harder, leading to potential heart failure.

A type of gastric cancer characterized by a thickened, rigid, and leathery stomach wall, appearing like a 'linings' of the stomach.

A rare type of eye cancer that typically appears in children, arising from the cells of the retina.

The most common type of renal calculus, usually composed of calcium oxalate, a complex compound of calcium and oxalate.

An inflammatory disease of the thyroid gland that results in hypothyroidism, characterized by the presence of lymphocytic infiltration and fibrosis.

A painful inflammatory condition caused by the formation of uric acid crystals in the joints, often affecting the big toe, leading to inflammation and swelling.

A condition characterized by abnormal enlargement of air spaces in the lungs, leading to destruction of alveolar walls and loss of elastic recoil. This results in difficulty breathing, wheezing, and shortness of breath.

A type of cancer that originates in the basal layer of the epidermis, characterized by slow growth and pearly, translucent nodules.

A benign tumor of salivary glands, often found in the parotid gland, composed of both epithelial and connective tissue components.

An inflammatory condition of the bowel that can affect any part of the digestive tract, characterized by inflammation and ulcers. There are two main types: Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis.

A malignant tumor of bone, most commonly affecting children and adolescents, characterized by small, round, blue cells.

A condition in which the lining of the esophagus changes from squamous epithelium to columnar epithelium, similar to the lining of the stomach, often associated with acid reflux.

A condition characterized by an abnormal overgrowth of cells in the lining of the uterus, leading to heavy menstrual bleeding and increased risk of endometrial cancer.

A condition in which tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside the uterus, commonly affecting the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and pelvic cavity.

A precancerous condition of the cervix characterized by abnormal cell growth in the epithelial lining. CIN is graded from CIN 1 to CIN 3, with increasing severity and risk of progression to invasive cervical cancer.

A benign tumor arising from Schwann cells, which are the cells that produce the myelin sheath around nerve fibers. Schwannomas are typically slow-growing and often asymptomatic.

A white patch or lesion on the mucous membrane of the oral cavity. It can be caused by various factors, including smoking, alcohol consumption, and chronic irritation.

A condition characterized by an increase in the size of the prostate gland, often leading to urinary symptoms such as difficulty starting urination, frequent urination, and weak urine stream.

A type of cancer that originates in the smooth muscle cells of the gastrointestinal tract. GISTs can occur in any part of the GI tract, but are most common in the stomach and small intestine.

An inflammatory condition affecting the bone marrow and the surrounding bone tissue, often caused by bacterial infections. Osteomyelitis can lead to bone destruction and abscess formation.

A type of kidney disease characterized by the deposition of dense immune complexes within the glomerular basement membrane. It is a rare but severe form of glomerulonephritis.

A type of breast tumor that is typically slow-growing and benign. Phyllodes tumors are characterized by their leaf-like appearance under the microscope.

A type of metastatic cancer found in the ovaries. It's characterized by cells that resemble signet ring cells, often originating from primary cancers in the stomach or colon.

A type of cancer that arises from the glands of the thyroid, characterized by cells that form small follicles and are usually encapsulated.

A condition where the lining of the colon becomes inflamed and ulcerated, often resulting in bloody diarrhea, abdominal pain, and weight loss.

A chronic liver disease caused by excessive alcohol consumption, characterized by inflammation, fibrosis, and cirrhosis.

A condition characterized by a dilated and weakened heart muscle, resulting in impaired pumping function, leading to heart failure.

Solid, hard masses that form within the kidneys, often made up of calcium salts. They can cause pain, obstruction of urine flow, and blood in the urine.

An increase in the size of the prostate gland, most commonly caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia. It can cause problems with urination, like difficulty starting and stopping the flow.

Clusters of bacteria, fungus, or other infectious agents that form on heart valves, causing inflammation and heart damage. These can cause fever, fatigue, even stroke, and are very dangerous.

A benign tumor of the bone, typically found in the ends of long bones, characterized by the presence of numerous giant cells and a stroma of fibrous connective tissue.

A type of bone tumor that often occurs in the ends of long bones, especially around the knee.

The microscopic appearance of Giant Cell Tumor reveals numerous multinucleated giant cells, surrounded by a fibrous stroma and numerous small, spindle-shaped cells.

A rare and serious infection of the inner lining of the heart, often caused by bacteria, leading to damage to heart valves, potential heart failure, and even stroke.

Complications of Bacterial Endocarditis can include heart valve damage, heart failure, stroke, emboli, and even death.

Tumors arising from the ovaries can be classified into epithelial, germ cell, sex cord-stromal, and metastatic tumors.

A staging system used to categorize Hodgkin's disease, based on the extent of the disease, the number of lymph node regions involved, and the presence of extra-nodal involvement.

An acute condition characterized by glomerular hypercellularity with neutrophils, often presenting with puffiness of face and decreased urine output. It is typically accompanied by hematuria and mild proteinuria.

A chronic inflammatory bowel disease characterized by patchy areas of inflammation in the gastrointestinal tract, primarily affecting the ileum and colon, but also the small bowel. It can cause abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss, and fatigue.

An inflammatory bowel disease that primarily affects the large intestine, specifically the colon and rectum. It is characterized by inflammation causing ulcerations and inflammation, with symptoms including bloody diarrhea, abdominal pain, and weight loss.

A type of cancer that arises from the epithelial cells of the cervix, often associated with infection by human papillomavirus (HPV). It can spread to other parts of the body.

A chronic lung disease characterized by abnormal enlargement and destruction of the airways, often caused by smoking or other irritants. It leads to airflow obstruction and shortness of breath.

A tumor of the germ cells in the testes, characterized by large cells with clear cytoplasm. It is typically slow-growing and often curable with early detection and treatment.

A condition characterized by the appearance of columnar epithelial cells in the esophagus, replacing the normal squamous epithelium. It is often associated with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

A malignant tumor of the basal layer of the epidermis, characterized by slow, localized growth, often appearing as a pearly, waxy nodule or a flat, scar-like lesion.