Podcast
Questions and Answers
Given the Romberg test result, pathology in which of the following systems is most likely?
Given the Romberg test result, pathology in which of the following systems is most likely?
- Cerebellar
- Visual
- Cardiovascular
- Vestibular (correct)
What is a common cause of imbalance due to peripheral disease in the US?
What is a common cause of imbalance due to peripheral disease in the US?
Diabetic distal peripheral polyneuropathy
Which of the following tests should first be performed during the evaluation of positional dizziness?
Which of the following tests should first be performed during the evaluation of positional dizziness?
- Chest radiograph
- Transesophageal echocardiography
- Orthostatic vital signs (correct)
- Head-up tilt-table testing
List some medications whose side effects can cause symptoms of orthostasis.
List some medications whose side effects can cause symptoms of orthostasis.
Orthostatic hypotension diagnostic criteria include a decrease in systolic blood pressure of ___ or more.
Orthostatic hypotension diagnostic criteria include a decrease in systolic blood pressure of ___ or more.
Orthostatic hypotension diagnostic criteria include a decrease in diastolic blood pressure of ___ or more.
Orthostatic hypotension diagnostic criteria include a decrease in diastolic blood pressure of ___ or more.
Which of the following vagal maneuvers is the most effective to treat the rhythm seen above?
Which of the following vagal maneuvers is the most effective to treat the rhythm seen above?
What is the treatment for a hemodynamically unstable child with supraventricular tachycardia?
What is the treatment for a hemodynamically unstable child with supraventricular tachycardia?
Which of the following is appropriate management for a 26-year-old woman with a positive home pregnancy test and abdominal cramping?
Which of the following is appropriate management for a 26-year-old woman with a positive home pregnancy test and abdominal cramping?
What is the success rate of methotrexate in the management of early ectopic pregnancy?
What is the success rate of methotrexate in the management of early ectopic pregnancy?
Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in the evaluation and management of a patient with blood in the eye?
Which of the following is the most appropriate next step in the evaluation and management of a patient with blood in the eye?
What injury can occur if Hemoccult drops are instilled in the eye?
What injury can occur if Hemoccult drops are instilled in the eye?
Describe a typical presentation of subconjunctival hemorrhage.
Describe a typical presentation of subconjunctival hemorrhage.
Which of the following is prominently visualized in the abdominal x-ray image above?
Which of the following is prominently visualized in the abdominal x-ray image above?
What is a haustra?
What is a haustra?
What is the upper limit of normal diameter for the different segments of bowel?
What is the upper limit of normal diameter for the different segments of bowel?
What are common signs of large bowel obstruction?
What are common signs of large bowel obstruction?
What variabilities are seen in subdural hematoma presentation?
What variabilities are seen in subdural hematoma presentation?
Describe the characteristic presentation of subdural hematoma on head CT.
Describe the characteristic presentation of subdural hematoma on head CT.
What causes a subdural hematoma?
What causes a subdural hematoma?
What is the shape and location of an epidural hematoma?
What is the shape and location of an epidural hematoma?
What does subarachnoid hemorrhage indicate?
What does subarachnoid hemorrhage indicate?
What causes intracerebral hemorrhage?
What causes intracerebral hemorrhage?
What is a subdural hygroma?
What is a subdural hygroma?
Which of the following is true regarding osteosarcoma?
Which of the following is true regarding osteosarcoma?
What are the most common sites of involvement for osteosarcoma?
What are the most common sites of involvement for osteosarcoma?
What are the clinical presentations of osteosarcoma?
What are the clinical presentations of osteosarcoma?
What lab abnormalities are associated with osteosarcoma?
What lab abnormalities are associated with osteosarcoma?
What are the x-ray findings for osteosarcoma?
What are the x-ray findings for osteosarcoma?
What is the most appropriate next step in a patient presenting with hyperkalemia?
What is the most appropriate next step in a patient presenting with hyperkalemia?
What is the approximate duration of action of calcium on cardiac membrane stabilization?
What is the approximate duration of action of calcium on cardiac membrane stabilization?
What are the symptoms of hyperkalemia?
What are the symptoms of hyperkalemia?
Which of the following statements is correct regarding a black widow spider bite?
Which of the following statements is correct regarding a black widow spider bite?
What are the symptoms of a black widow bite?
What are the symptoms of a black widow bite?
What is the management of a patient with sigmoid volvulus?
What is the management of a patient with sigmoid volvulus?
What is the most common cause of bowel obstruction in pregnancy?
What is the most common cause of bowel obstruction in pregnancy?
Describe the typical presentation of a patient with an inferior shoulder dislocation.
Describe the typical presentation of a patient with an inferior shoulder dislocation.
Which of the following indicates the need for imaging of the ankle?
Which of the following indicates the need for imaging of the ankle?
What are the Ottawa Ankle Rules for determining a need for a radiograph in ankle injuries?
What are the Ottawa Ankle Rules for determining a need for a radiograph in ankle injuries?
What types of fractures are associated with medial ankle disruptions?
What types of fractures are associated with medial ankle disruptions?
Which type of cerebral herniation is associated with a dilated pupil?
Which type of cerebral herniation is associated with a dilated pupil?
What is Babinski's sign?
What is Babinski's sign?
Flashcards are hidden until you start studying
Study Notes
Dizziness and Balance Disorders
- Normal Romberg test with eyes open and swaying with eyes closed suggests vestibular pathology.
- Common cause of imbalance in peripheral disease in the US: diabetic distal peripheral polyneuropathy.
- Initial test for positional dizziness in the elderly: orthostatic vital signs.
Orthostatic Hypotension
- Diagnostic criteria:
- Systolic BP decrease ≥ 20 mmHg
- Diastolic BP decrease ≥ 10 mmHg
- Medications causing orthostatic symptoms: antiparkinsonian drugs, antiadrenergics, anticholinergics, antidepressants, antiarrhythmics, antipsychotics, diuretics, narcotics, sedatives.
Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT) in Pediatric Patients
- Most effective vagal maneuver for a 1-year-old with SVT: applying ice to the face.
- For unstable children with SVT: cardioversion at 0.5 to 1 J/kg, increasing to 2 J/kg if needed.
Early Pregnancy Complications
- In cases of suspected early pregnancy complications, management may include discharge with repeat beta hCG for monitoring.
- Success rate of methotrexate for early ectopic pregnancy: 85-93%.
Eye Conditions
- Subconjunctival hemorrhage characterized by blood under the conjunctiva, often resulting from coughing or minor trauma; treatment involves reassurance.
- Hemoccult drops may cause severe alkali burns if introduced into the eye.
Gastrointestinal Imaging and Conditions
- Large bowel imaging commonly shows haustra.
- Most common cause of bowel obstruction in pregnancy: cecal volvulus.
- Sigmoidoscopy is a key management step for sigmoid volvulus.
Neurological Trauma
- Presentation of subdural hematoma: crescent-shaped blood collection seen on CT, often due to tearing of bridging veins.
- Epidural hematoma: biconvex shape caused by tearing of the middle meningeal artery, prevalent in young trauma patients.
- Subarachnoid hemorrhage associated with ruptured berry aneurysms.
Fractures and Injuries
- Maisonneuve fracture of the fibula indicates potential medial ankle disruption.
- Ottawa Ankle Rules: imaging indicated by tenderness in specific areas or inability to bear weight.
- Scaphoid fractures can cause avascular necrosis; recommended splint: thumb spica.
Hyperkalemia Management
- In hyperkalemia, management includes calcium gluconate, with a duration of action of 30-60 minutes.
Spider Bites
- Black widow spider envenomation leads to the release of neurotransmitters causing systemic effects including muscle cramping.
Shoulder Dislocation
- Inferior shoulder dislocation leads to the arm being locked in abduction with potential axillary nerve injury causing motor deficits.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
