Medical Physiology Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary mechanism by which the carotid body detects changes in arterial oxygen levels?

  • Response to changes in carbon dioxide levels
  • Direct detection of oxygen levels by glomus cells (correct)
  • Measurement of oxygen consumption by the carotid body
  • Detection of changes in pH levels
  • Which of the following is a characteristic of a type I alveolar cell?

  • Flat, squamous shape with a large surface area (correct)
  • Cubic shape with microvilli on the apical surface
  • Presence of lamellar bodies
  • Ability to synthesize and secrete surfactant
  • What is the primary function of the Ito cells in the liver?

  • Storing vitamin A and regulating sinusoidal blood flow (correct)
  • Detoxifying ammonia and producing urea
  • Synthesizing and secreting bile
  • Regulating glucose metabolism and storage
  • Which of the following is a characteristic of a slow-twitch (type I) muscle fiber?

    <p>Low myosin ATPase activity and slow contraction velocity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mechanism by which atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) lowers blood pressure?

    <p>Inhibition of aldosterone secretion and reduction of sodium reabsorption</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Respiratory System

    • The primary mechanism by which the carotid body detects changes in arterial oxygen levels is through the release of excitatory neurotransmitters from glomus cells.

    Pulmonary Anatomy

    • A characteristic of a type I alveolar cell is that it is a thin, flat cell that forms the majority of the alveolar surface area, facilitating gas exchange.

    Hepatic System

    • The primary function of the Ito cells in the liver is to store vitamin A and regulate the formation of extracellular matrix.

    Muscular System

    • A characteristic of a slow-twitch (type I) muscle fiber is that it is highly resistant to fatigue, has a high capacity for oxidative phosphorylation, and is specialized for low-intensity, long-duration activities.

    Cardiovascular System

    • The primary mechanism by which atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) lowers blood pressure is by promoting sodium excretion and vasodilation, resulting in decreased blood volume and peripheral resistance.

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    Description

    This quiz covers various aspects of medical physiology, including oxygen detection, alveolar cells, liver cells, muscle fibers, and blood pressure regulation.

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