Medical Parasitology Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the term for the host that harbors the adult or sexual stages of a parasite?

  • Intermediate host
  • Definitive host (correct)
  • Vector
  • Reservoir host

    • What type of parasite can live both in a host and in a free form?

  • Endoparasite
  • Facultative parasite (correct)
  • Obligate parasite
  • Ecto-parasite

    • What is the term for the relationship between two living organisms, where one benefits and the other loses?

  • Parasitism (correct)
  • Symbiosis
  • Mutualism
  • Commensalism

    • What is the term for an arthropod that carries the infective stage of a parasite and can transmit it?

    <p>Vector</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of parasite lives inside the body of its host?

    <p>Endoparasite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of infection for Entamoeba histolytica?

    <p>Feco-orally through contaminated food or hands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following diseases is caused by the protozoan Giardia intestinalis?

    <p>Giardiasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Trichomonas vaginalis is a protozoan that causes which of the following diseases?

    <p>Vaginosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following vectors is responsible for transmitting malaria?

    <p>Anopheles mosquito</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the infective stage of Entamoeba histolytica?

    <p>Cyst</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the cystic stage in the life cycle of protozoa?

    <p>Prolonged survival under unfavourable conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following phyla of protozoa includes amoebae and flagellates?

    <p>Sarcomastigophora</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the active feeding and growing stage of protozoa?

    <p>Trophozoite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of protozoa?

    <p>Unicellular organisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mode of locomotion in protozoa that belong to the phylum Ciliophora?

    <p>Cilia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic shape of the trophozoite of Giardia lamblia?

    <p>Pear-shaped</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of infection for Trichomonas vaginalis?

    <p>Sexual contact</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a mode of infection for Plasmodium?

    <p>Contaminated food and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic feature of the cyst of Giardia lamblia?

    <p>Smooth, well-defined wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary pathological effect of malaria?

    <p>Destruction of red blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mode of infection for Ascaris lumbricoides?

    <p>By ingesting eggs in food or water contaminated with human feces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary symptom of pinworm infection?

    <p>Perianal pruritus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the cysticercus in ocular cysticercosis?

    <p>Vitreous body or subretina</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are the eggs of Enterobius vermicularis recovered from the patient?

    <p>From the perianal skin using the Scotch tape technique</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the complication of having adult worms in the body?

    <p>Cysticercosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of transmission of Entamoeba histolytica?

    <p>Ingestion of contaminated soil or water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following parasites can penetrate the skin through direct contact with contaminated soil or water?

    <p>Ancylostoma duodenale and S. haematobium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of a parasite on the host's tissues?

    <p>The parasite has a mechanical effect on the host's tissues, leading to inflammatory or neoplastic reactions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following diseases is caused by a protozoan parasite?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the vector in the transmission of parasites?

    <p>The vector inoculates the infective stage of the parasite into the host</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of transmission of Giardiasis?

    <p>Ingestion of contaminated food or water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following parasites can be transmitted through direct contact with an infected person?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of the parasite's waste products on the host?

    <p>The parasite's waste products have a toxic effect on the host</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following parasites can be transmitted through maternal-fetal transmission?

    <p>Toxoplasma gondii</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of transmission of Malaria?

    <p>Bite of an infected mosquito</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the body of Cestodes?

    <p>Ribbon-like and not segmented</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the digestive system of Nematoda?

    <p>Simple blind tube with no anus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is unique about the Schistosoma genus compared to other trematodes?

    <p>Separate sexes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mode of infection of Schistosoma?

    <p>Penetration of the cercaria through skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the intermediate host of Schistosoma haematobium?

    <p>Bulinus trancatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Modes of Parasitic Infection

    • Food and drink contaminated with parasites (e.g. Entamoeba histolytica and Giardia)
    • Soil, dust, and water contaminated with parasites (e.g. Ancylostoma duodenale and S. haematobium)
    • Vector-borne transmission (e.g. mosquito bites transmitting Sporozoites of malaria)
    • Direct contact with infected skin or contaminated soil (e.g. Scabies and Ancylostoma duodenale)
    • Congenital transmission (e.g. Toxoplasma gondii)

    Effects of Parasites on the Host

    • Mechanical effects: pressure, obstruction, and feeding on tissues
    • Toxic effects: toxins and waste products
    • Inflammatory and neoplastic reactions
    • Secondary infections

    Microsporidia Protozoal Infections in Humans

    • Entamoeba histolytica: Amoebic dysentery (water, food, or autoinfection)
    • Giardia intestinalis: Giardiasis (contaminated water)
    • Trypanosoma brucei: Sleeping sickness (Tsetse fly)
    • Trypanosoma cruzi: Chagas disease (kissing bug)
    • Leishmania spp: Visceral and Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (sandflies)

    Intestinal Protozoa

    • Entamoeba histolytica: Amebic dysentery and liver abscess
    • Giardia lamblia: Giardiasis
    • Balantidium coli: Balantidial dysentery

    Urogenital Protozoa

    • Trichomonas vaginalis: Trichomoniasis (sexual contact)

    Blood and Tissue Protozoa

    • Plasmodium spp: Malaria (mosquito bites, placenta, blood transfusions, and intravenous drug abuse)

    Nematodes

    • Enterobius vermicularis: Pinworm infection (enterobiasis) (ingesting worm eggs)
    • Ascaris lumbricoides: Ascariasis (ingesting eggs in food or water contaminated with human feces)

    Parasitology Terms

    • Parasite: a living organism that lives at the expense of its host
    • Host: the living organism that harbors the parasite
    • Parasitism: the relationship between two living organisms, one benefiting and the other losing
    • Definitive host: the host that harbors the adult or sexual stages of the parasite
    • Intermediate host: the host that harbors the larval or asexual stages of the parasite
    • Vector: an arthropod that carries the infective stage of the parasite and can transmit it
    • Reservoir hosts: other hosts that harbor the parasite, ensuring the parasite's life cycle continuity

    Life Cycle of Parasites

    • Obligate parasite: a parasite that can only live in a host
    • Facultative parasite: a parasite that can live both in a host and in a free form
    • Endoparasites: parasites that live inside the body
    • Ectoparasites: parasites that exist on the body surface

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    Description

    This quiz covers the basics of parasitology, including the classification of parasites, medical terms, and the concept of parasitism. It's a great resource for students in the medical field.

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