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Questions and Answers
What is the type of parasite that lives on the surface of its host?
Which of the following helminthes has a cylindrical rounded body shape?
What is the intermediate host required for the development of liver flukes?
Which of the following tapeworms is also known as the pork tapeworm?
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What is the type of host that harbors the parasites, but is not essential for their development?
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Which of the following is an example of a blood fluke?
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What is the common symptom of saginata and cysticercosis?
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Which of the following is the diagnostic material for saginata?
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What is the definitive host of Echinococcus granulosus?
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What is the shape of Fasciola gigantica?
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What is the shape of the egg of cysticercosis?
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What is the habitat of Schistosoma haematobium?
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What is the mode of infection for cysticercosis?
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What is the treatment for cysticercosis?
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What is the mode of infection of Heterophyes heterophyes?
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What is the diagnostic material for Schistosoma mansoni?
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What is the definition of hydatidosis?
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What is the shape of Taenia saginata?
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What is the mode of infection of Echinococcus granulosus?
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What is the intermediate host of Taenia solium?
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What is the clinical presentation of Schistosoma haematobium?
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What is the diagnostic stage of Taenia saginata?
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What is the habitat of Echinococcus granulosus in the human body?
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What is the clinical picture of Echinococcus granulosus in the liver?
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What is the diagnostic method for Echinococcus granulosus?
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What is the shape of Ascaris lumbricoides?
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What is the infective stage of Ancylostoma duodenale?
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What is the clinical picture of Ascaris lumbricoides?
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What is the diagnostic stage of Trichuris trichura?
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What is the habitat of Trichinella spiralis?
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What is the definitive host of trichina?
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What is the infective stage of trichina?
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What is the commonest site for trichina capsule?
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What is the characteristic feature of Entamoeba histolytica?
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What is the habitat of Giardia intestinalis?
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How is Entamoeba histolytica transmitted?
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Study Notes
Parasites
- Ectoparasite: Lives on the outer surface of the host
- Endoparasite: Lives inside the host's body
- Temporary parasite: Lives on the host's body for a short period
- Permanent parasite: Lives on the host's body for a long period
- Reservoir host: An animal that can harbor the parasite and transmit it to other animals
- Vector: An animal that transmits the parasite to another animal or human
Helminthes
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Trematodes: Flat, leaf-like, and hermaphroditic except for Schistosoma
- Examples: Liver Flukes (Fasciola gigantica), Intestinal Flukes (Heterophyes heterophyes), Blood Flukes (Schistosoma)
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Cestodes: Flat, segmented, and hermaphroditic
- Examples: Taenia saginata (beef tape worm), Taenia solium (pork tape worm), Hymenolepis nana (dwarf tapeworm)
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Nematodes: Cylindrical, rounded, and separate sexes
- Examples: Ascaris lumbricoides, Enterobius vermicularis, Ancylostoma duodenale, Trichinella spiralis
Trematodes
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Fasciola gigantica
- Geographical distribution: Found in Egypt, particularly around the Lake Nile Valley and Delta
- Habitat: Bile duct
- Infective stage: Encysted metacercaria
- Mode of infection: Ingestion with contaminated vegetation or drinking water
- Stages in snail: Miracidium-sporocyst-redia-cercaria
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Heterophyes heterophyes
- Geographical distribution: Found around the Lake Nile Valley and Delta
- Habitat: Small intestine
- Infective stage: Encysted metacercaria
- Mode of infection: Ingestion of poorly cooked or salted fish
- Stages in snail: Miracidium-sporocyst-redia-cercaria
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Schistosoma
- Geographical distribution: Found in Egypt, particularly around the Lake Nile Valley and Delta
- Habitat: Blood vessels of urinary bladder and large intestine
- Infective stage: Furcocercus cercaria
- Mode of infection: Penetration of skin through contaminated water
- Stages in snail: Miracidium-sporocyst-redia-cercaria
Cestodes
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Taenia saginata
- Shape: 10-meter long, scolex with 4 suckers
- Definitive host: Man
- Intermediate host: Cattle
- Infective stage: Cysticercus bovis
- Mode of infection: Eating undercooked beef
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Taenia solium
- Shape: 4-meter long, scolex with suckers and rostellum
- Definitive host: Man
- Intermediate host: Pig
- Infective stage: Cysticercus cellulosa
- Mode of infection: Eating undercooked pork or auto-infection
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Hymenolepis nana
- Shape: 5-cm long, broad segments
- Definitive host: Man
- Intermediate host: Insect and man
- Infective stage: Egg and cysticercoid
- Mode of infection: Eating infected insects or contaminated food and water
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Echinococcus granulosus
- Shape: 5-mm long, 3-4 segments
- Definitive host: Dog
- Intermediate host: Sheep and man
- Infective stage: Egg
- Mode of infection: Eating contaminated food and water, playing with dogs, or skinning of fox
Nematodes
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Ascaris lumbricoides
- Shape: 20-40 cm long, creamy color with 3 lips
- Habitat: Small intestine
- Infective stage: Larvated egg
- Mode of infection: Contaminated food and water
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Enterobius vermicularis
- Shape: 0.5-1 cm long, thin pointed tail in female
- Habitat: Large intestine
- Infective stage: Egg
- Mode of infection: Ingestion, inhalation, person-to-person contact, and auto-infection
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Ancylostoma duodenale
- Shape: Large mouth cavity with teeth and lancets
- Habitat: Small intestine
- Infective stage: Filariform larva
- Mode of infection: Penetration of skin through contaminated soil or water
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Trichinella spiralis
- Shape: 3-5 cm long, whip-like thin part and then a thicker portion
- Habitat: Small intestine
- Infective stage: Infective trichina capsule
- Mode of infection: Ingestion of raw or undercooked pork meat containing trichina capsule
Protozoa (Single Cell Parasites)
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Entamoeba histolytica
- Trophozoite: Finger-like pseudopodia, food and RBCs vacuoles, single cart-wheel nucleus
- Cyst: Rounded cyst wall, chromatoid bodies, 4 cart-wheel nuclei
- Habitat: Large intestine
- Infective stage: Mature cyst by contaminated food or drink
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Giardia intestinalis
- Trophozoite: Smiling face appearance, 4 pairs of flagella, 2 oval nuclei
- Cyst: Oval cyst wall, remnant of flagella, 4 nuclei at one side
- Habitat: Small intestine
- Infective stage: Mature cyst by contaminated food or drink
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Entamoeba coli
- Trophozoite: Blunt pseudopodia, no RBCs vacuole, single large eccentric nucleus
- Cyst: Rounded large cyst, small chromatoids, 8 eccentric nuclei
- Habitat: Large intestine
- Infective stage: Commensal
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Description
This quiz covers a final revision lecture on Medical Parasitology, focusing on types of parasites and their hosts. It includes topics such as ectoparasites, endoparasites, and helminthes. The lecture is presented by Dr. Nora Esam Eldeen Saleh, Assistant Professor of Medical Parasitology at Mansoura University.
