20 Questions
What is the initial site of infection for primary tuberculosis?
Lower lobe of the lung
Which type of tuberculosis is characterized by chronic tissue lesions, the formation of tubercles, caseation, and fibrosis?
Postprimary (Secondary) tuberculosis
Where does reactivation tuberculosis almost always begin?
Apex of the lung
What is the duration of protection offered by BCG vaccination?
15 to 20 years
Which drug constitutes the first-line drugs in antituberculous therapy?
Rifampicin
What is the most familiar species of mycobacteria?
Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Which medium is most widely employed for routine culture of Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
Lowenstein-Jensen (L–J) medium
What accounts for 60% of the cell wall weight in Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
Lipids
How do human tubercle bacilli appear on LJ medium?
Visible growth in 2 weeks
What is the mode of infection for Mycobacterium tuberculosis?
Direct inhalation of aerosolized bacilli
What characteristic sets Mycoplasma apart from other bacteria?
Lack of a rigid cell wall
How do Mycoplasmas grow on solid media?
Embedded beneath the surface
What type of infections do parasitic mycoplasmas generally produce?
Respiratory and gastrointestinal infections
What type of diseases does Mycoplasma cause in humans?
Pneumonia and urinary tract infections
What sets Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection apart from other bacterial infections?
It produces mild upper respiratory tract disease
What is the most important species responsible for Mycoplasma pneumonia?
Mycoplasma pneumoniae
Where is M. hominis typically found in healthy adults?
Lower genitourinary tract
What is the incubation period for Mycoplasma pneumonia?
1–3 weeks
Which group is most susceptible to Mycoplasma pneumonia infection?
School age children and young adults
What is the characteristic of Ureaplasma urealyticum related to urea hydrolysis?
Production of ammonia
This lecture focuses on acid-fast bacteria, particularly the genus Mycobacterium and its various species, including the most familiar ones such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium leprae. It covers their growth characteristics and distinguishing features.
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