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Questions and Answers
What is the definition of microbiology?
What is the definition of microbiology?
The science that studies very small living things.
What does 'micro' mean in the context of microbiology?
What does 'micro' mean in the context of microbiology?
Too small to be seen with the naked eye
What is required to see microorganisms?
What is required to see microorganisms?
A microscope
What are microorganisms also known as?
What are microorganisms also known as?
Where can microorganisms be found?
Where can microorganisms be found?
Are all organisms small?
Are all organisms small?
Who was the first person to describe microorganisms?
Who was the first person to describe microorganisms?
Who was the first person to describe bacteria?
Who was the first person to describe bacteria?
Who is best known for his discoveries of the principles of microbial fermentation, and pasteurization?
Who is best known for his discoveries of the principles of microbial fermentation, and pasteurization?
Who is best known for his description of germ theory of disease and description of tuberculosis, cholera and anthrax?
Who is best known for his description of germ theory of disease and description of tuberculosis, cholera and anthrax?
Who is best known for discovering the worlds first broadly effective antibiotic substance?
Who is best known for discovering the worlds first broadly effective antibiotic substance?
Which of the following is NOT a microbe that will be studied?
Which of the following is NOT a microbe that will be studied?
Are microorganisms are important in humans, animals, and plants health and nutrition.
Are microorganisms are important in humans, animals, and plants health and nutrition.
Which essential elements do Microbial communities help participate in making?
Which essential elements do Microbial communities help participate in making?
Microorganisms also carry out almost half of the photosynthesis on our planet, increasing oxygen levels and lowering carbon dioxide.
Microorganisms also carry out almost half of the photosynthesis on our planet, increasing oxygen levels and lowering carbon dioxide.
Microorganism can cause infectious diseases.
Microorganism can cause infectious diseases.
What is the discipline of identifying and classifying organisms?
What is the discipline of identifying and classifying organisms?
Do Prokaryotic cells have a nucleus?
Do Prokaryotic cells have a nucleus?
Which of the following does Prokaryotic cells contain?
Which of the following does Prokaryotic cells contain?
What is the main component used to compare the the development of the three domains of life?
What is the main component used to compare the the development of the three domains of life?
Which of the following is not a domain of life?
Which of the following is not a domain of life?
Do bacteria have a nuclear envelope?
Do bacteria have a nuclear envelope?
Do archea have peptidoglycan cell walls?
Do archea have peptidoglycan cell walls?
What environments can Archea be found in?
What environments can Archea be found in?
Bacteria are single-celled organisms that lack a membrane-bound nucleus.
Bacteria are single-celled organisms that lack a membrane-bound nucleus.
List different types of Eukaryotic kingdoms
List different types of Eukaryotic kingdoms
Match the following taxonomic ranks with their inclusivity:
Match the following taxonomic ranks with their inclusivity:
What is the correct format for writing the scientific name, Escherichia coli?
What is the correct format for writing the scientific name, Escherichia coli?
What is the gram stain used for?
What is the gram stain used for?
How does Bacteria get classified based on their cell wall?
How does Bacteria get classified based on their cell wall?
Name different Metabolic characteristics that Bacteria get classified by.
Name different Metabolic characteristics that Bacteria get classified by.
What is the definition of Obligate aerobe?
What is the definition of Obligate aerobe?
What is the definition of Phototrops?
What is the definition of Phototrops?
What do Molecular techniques look for to classify bacteria?
What do Molecular techniques look for to classify bacteria?
Flashcards
Microbiology
Microbiology
The science that studies very small living things, requiring a microscope.
Microorganism (Microbe)
Microorganism (Microbe)
Tiny living things too small to be seen with the naked eye, found everywhere.
Robert Hooke
Robert Hooke
The first person to describe microorganisms in 1665 by observing molds.
Antoni van Leeuwenhoek
Antoni van Leeuwenhoek
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Louis Pasteur
Louis Pasteur
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Sir Alexander Fleming
Sir Alexander Fleming
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Bacteriology
Bacteriology
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Mycology
Mycology
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Virology
Virology
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Parasitology
Parasitology
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Prokaryotic cells
Prokaryotic cells
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Eukaryotic cells
Eukaryotic cells
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Three Domains of Life
Three Domains of Life
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Gram Staining
Gram Staining
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Obligate aerobe
Obligate aerobe
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Obligate anaerobe
Obligate anaerobe
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Facultative anaerobe
Facultative anaerobe
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Phototrophs
Phototrophs
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Chemotrophs
Chemotrophs
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Autotrophs
Autotrophs
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Heterotrophs
Heterotrophs
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Binomial Nomenclature
Binomial Nomenclature
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Escherichia coli
Escherichia coli
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Infectious Diseases
Infectious Diseases
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Microbial fermentation
Microbial fermentation
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Microbial ecology
Microbial ecology
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Pathogenic microbes
Pathogenic microbes
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Decomposition
Decomposition
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Photosynthesis by microbes
Photosynthesis by microbes
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Study Notes
Course Information
- Course Title: Medical Microbiology
- Course Code: MLT 222
- Year: 2022
- Institution: Taibah University
Introduction to Microbiology
- Definition: The study of very small living things (microorganisms) that usually require a microscope to be seen.
- Components of Microorganisms: Bacteria, fungi, parasites, and viruses.
- Microorganism: Tiny living things found everywhere (in water, soil, air, on us, in us).
- Examples of Large Microorganisms: Helminths (worms).
- Historical Significance:
- Robert Hooke (1665): First to describe microorganisms (observed mold structures).
- Antoni van Leeuwenhoek (1676): First to describe bacteria.
- Van Leeuwenhoek developed the first microscope.
- Louis Pasteur: Known for discoveries on microbial fermentation and pasteurization.
- Robert Koch: Known for the germ theory of disease and descriptions of tuberculosis, cholera, and anthrax.
- Alexander Fleming (1881-1955): Discovered penicillin, the first widely effective antibiotic.
The Importance of Microorganisms
- Ecological Balance: Participate in creating essential elements (oxygen, carbon, nitrogen, sulfur), remove toxins, and contribute to photosynthesis.
- Human Health: Contribute to digestion, produce vitamin K, develop the immune system, and detoxify harmful chemicals.
- Role in Food Production: Utilized in food production (e.g., bread, cheese).
- Disease Causation: Can cause infectious diseases (e.g., Neisseria meningitidis, smallpox virus, coronavirus, HIV, Plasmodium falciparum, Yersinia pestis, M. tuberculosis, Ebola virus, etc.).
- Food Safety and Supply Chains: Vital for understanding diseases, food safety, and supply chains.
Classification of Microorganisms
- Taxonomy: Organising living organisms into different categories.
- Classification of Bacteria:
- Morphology (shape, size, cell structure).
- Gram stain: Differentiates bacteria based on structural differences in their cell walls(Gram-positive, Gram-negative, Gram-variable, non-cellular), based on the reaction to staining using crystal violet and iodine. -Metabolic characteristics (mode of respiration, mode of nutrition like phototrophs, chemotrophs and autotrophs, heterotrophs). -Molecular Techniques: DNA, 16s rRNA to study bacteria.
- Binomial Nomenclature: Two-part naming system for organisms (Genus species). Capitalize the first letter of the genus name and italicize the whole name.
- Categories of Classification (hierarchy) (most to least inclusive): Domain, Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species.
- Example of Bacterial Taxonomic Classification (Escherichia coli) and bacterial shapes illustrated
Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells
- Prokaryotic Cells (Bacteria & Archaea): No nucleus or organelles, single circular chromosome. Peptidoglycan cell wall. Binary fission.
- Eukaryotic Cells: Has nucleus and organelles, multiple linear chromosomes, If a cell wall is present, it is cellulose or chitin. Reproduction by mitosis,
- Comparison of Cell Structures: Shows a summary of structural differences (including diagrams).
- Three Domains of Life: Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya. -Eukaryotic Kingdoms: Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia
- Description of each domain and its key features: (Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya (general aspects and categories of eukaryotes), examples)
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Description
Overview of medical microbiology, including the definition of microorganisms and their components (bacteria, fungi, parasites, viruses). Includes the historical significance of Hooke, Leeuwenhoek, Pasteur, Koch and Fleming. Course: MLT 222, Taibah University, 2022.
