Medical Math Part 1
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following correctly represents the formatting of a measurement of 45.6 milliliters?

  • 45.6mL
  • 45.6 mL (correct)
  • 45. 6 mL
  • 45.6 ml

A measurement of 0.75 liters should be written as which of the following?

  • 0.75 liters (correct)
  • .75 liters
  • 0,75 liters
  • 0.75liter

Which of the following is the correct way to represent a quantity of 12345 grams?

  • 12345grams
  • 12345 grams
  • 12,345 grams
  • 12 345 grams (correct)

How should 'a 6-milliliter dose' be written, given the guidance on hyphens and units?

<p>6-milliliter dose (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A child is 7 years old. Using the APLS (Advanced Pediatric Life Support) formula, what would be their estimated weight?

<p>24 kg (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According the OBHG formula, what is the estimated weight for a 6-month old?

<p>7kg (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a child is 13 years old, what is their estimated weight according to the 'Best Guess' formula?

<p>39 kg (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a correct pluralization of a unit?

<p>4.0 grams (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should temperature be documented when it is exactly 0 degrees Celsius?

<p>0 degrees C (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which medication administration method is NOT considered an injectable formulation?

<p>All of these are not injectable formulations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a base unit in the International System of Units (SI)?

<p>The liter (L) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a patient's weight is recorded as 154 pounds, what is their approximate weight in kilograms?

<p>70 kg (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly represents the relationship between grams, milligrams, and micrograms?

<p>1 g = 1000 mg = 1,000,000 mcg (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient's temperature is 100.4 degrees Fahrenheit. What is this temperature in degrees Celsius?

<p>38°C (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When administering a liquid medication, what tool is recommended for precise dosage measurement?

<p>A syringe (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A child is 3 feet 6 inches tall. What is their height in meters?

<p>1.065 m (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key difference in handling ampoules versus vials for injectable medications?

<p>Ampoules are single-use, while vials can be multi-dosed. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is the correct representation of a milligram?

<p>mg (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which value is the same as 1,000,000 micrograms?

<p>1 gram (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Before drawing up medication from a vial containing a powdered drug, what critical step must be performed?

<p>Reconstitution by adding a suitable solvent. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

For injectable medication administrations, why is a blunt-tip needle used during the drawing up of medication from a vial?

<p>To reduce the risk of needle-stick injuries. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the prefix that represents a factor of 1000?

<p>kilo (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are some drugs administered through an intravenous (IV) infusion over time as opposed to a single injection?

<p>To maintain a consistent level of drug concentration in the body. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a derived unit within the SI system?

<p>liter (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A length of 2 meters is equal to how many centimeters?

<p>200 cm (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct sequence of steps, after determining the volume of drug, when making an infusion?

<p>Withdraw fluid, draw up medication, add to IV bag, then label the bag. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What information should be included when labeling a syringe or IV bag containing medication?

<p>The drug name, amount, volume, and concentration. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the concentration of a preparation on a fluid or drug label indicate?

<p>The amount of drug or solute in a specific volume of fluid. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient requires a dose of 0.5ml of a medication, however the full vial contains 10ml. What is the most important consideration when drawing up the 0.5ml?

<p>The correct measurement using the syringe. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the information, how can a solid dose medication, such as a tablet, be administered as half of the total dose?

<p>By utilizing the score lines to cut the tablet. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient is ordered to receive a bolus of 150 mL of 0.9% NaCl. How should this be documented?

<p>150 mL (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a medication is ordered to be administered at a rate of 25 mcg/min, how should this be documented?

<p>25 mcg/min (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A medication order reads: 'Administer lorazepam 0.05 mg/kg IV'. If the patient weighs 200 lbs, what dose of lorazepam should be administered?

<p>4.5 mg (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

You have an order to administer 70 mcg/min of a medication IV. This is equivalent to:

<p>4.2 mg/hour (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes when to use a patient's total body weight for medication dosing?

<p>If not otherwise specified by the medical directive or drug monograph. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An order states 'Administer 1 g of ceftriaxone IV'. How should this be documented?

<p>Both A and B (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient is ordered to receive an infusion of 0.45% NaCl at 125 mL/hr. How should this be documented?

<p>125 mL/hr (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

You are ordered to administer a weight based medication. The patient's weight is recorded in pounds. What do you need to do FIRST to calculate the dose?

<p>Convert pounds to kilograms. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

A patient is to receive an infusion of a medication at a rate of 10 mcg/kg/min. If the patient weighs 110 lbs and you have a 100mg/10ml solution. How many milliliters(mL) of this solution are needed per hour?

<p>4ml (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When rounding drug doses, what is the most important consideration?

<p>Remaining within the therapeutic range of the medication (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

SI Units (Système International d'Unités)

A system of measurement based on seven defining constants, including the meter, kilogram, second, and more.

Metric System Prefixes

Prefixes used in the metric system to increase or decrease by a factor of 10, making conversions easier.

Distance

The distance between two points, typically measured in meters (m).

Temperature

A unit of temperature, typically measured in degrees Celsius (°C).

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Mass

The amount of matter in an object, typically measured in grams (g) or kilograms (kg).

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Volume

The amount of space a substance occupies, typically measured in liters (L) or milliliters (mL).

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Metric System

A system of measurement that uses prefixes to indicate powers of 10, which simplifies conversions. It includes units like meter, gram, and liter.

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Unit Conversion

Converting measurements from one unit to another. In the metric system, this involves moving the decimal point based on the prefix change.

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Documentation of Units

The process of writing down measurements and other details related to patient care, including the use of correct units and symbols.

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Space in Units

A space between the numeral and the unit of measurement (e.g., 1 mg not 1mg).

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Decimals

Decimals are used to separate whole from partial numbers. (e.g., 0.2 meter)

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Plural Units

The unabbreviated unit is made plural if the value is greater than 1 (e.g., 0.2 meters). Abbreviated units are never made plural (e.g., 5 mL not 5 mL's).

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Periods with Units

Use a period only at the end of a sentence.

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Commas/Spaces in Numbers

Commas are not used to separate digits, spaces are used for numbers with five or more digits (e.g., 1 234 567 not 1,234,567).

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Hyphens with Units

Hyphens are not required for a single modifier (e.g., 5 liter bag).

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OBHG Formula

A formula that estimates a pediatric patient's weight based on age. It is broken down into three age groups: 0-12 months, 1-9 years, and 10-14 years.

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Age-Based 'Best Guess' Weight Formula

This formula calculates pediatric weights based on age. It provides different calculations for different age ranges.

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Best Braslow Tape Formula

The formula used to estimate the weight of a pediatric patient based on both age and height. It is broken down into two age groups: 1-10 years and greater than 10 years.

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APLS Formula

A formula for estimating a pediatric patient's weight. It provides different calculations for different age ranges.

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Dosage

The amount of medication needed to be given to the patient.

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Ampoule

A single-use glass container that holds medication. Usually has a narrow neck and is broken to access the medication.

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Vial

A container that can hold multiple doses of medication.

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Reconstitution

The process of adding a liquid to a powdered drug to make it ready for use.

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Infusion

A method of administering medication directly into a vein. The medication is diluted and flows slowly over time.

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Administration set

A device that helps regulate the flow rate of the medication during an infusion.

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Infusion rate

A measurement that tells you how quickly medication flows during an infusion.

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Unit concentration

The concentration of a drug in a solution. It is expressed as the amount of drug per unit volume.

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Adding a drug to an IV bag

The process of adding a drug to a pre-mixed IV bag.

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Labeling a bag or syringe

The process of clearly labeling an IV bag or syringe with the drug name, amount, and other relevant information.

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Fluid Orders

Fluid orders are expressed as the volume to be given, either as a single dose or as an infusion over time.

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Medication Orders

Medication orders specify the dose, either as a single dose or as an infusion over time.

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Bolus

A single, quick administration of medication or fluid.

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Lean Body Weight

The weight of a person without any fat tissue, used for calculating medication doses.

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Total Body Weight

The weight of a person with all tissues considered, often used for calculating medication doses.

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Weight-based Dosing

A medication dose calculated based on the patient's weight.

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Rounding Doses

Rounding doses or volumes to simplify administration or calculations.

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Therapeutic Dose

The range of medication dose that is effective and safe for a patient.

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Interpreting Orders

The process of interpreting medication orders and calculating accurate doses for administration.

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Study Notes

Medical Math Part 1

  • Review the Medical Math – Part 1 presentation posted on Brightspace.
  • Complete the Med Math – Practice Booklet 1.
  • Complete the weekly medical math practice booklets throughout the course.

Objectives

  • Review metric and SI units, their prefixes, and documentation.
  • Review unit conversion calculations.
  • Review documentation rules related to fluid and drug administration..
  • Estimate pediatric weight using different tools.
  • Calculate drug doses and volumes.
  • Calculate weight-based drug doses.
  • Calculate infusion doses and administration rates over time.

SI Units (Système International d'Unités)

  • Internationally adopted system based on seven defining constants.
  • Seven agreed-upon base units: meter (m), kilogram (kg), ampere (A), second(s), Kelvin (K), mole (mol), and candela (cd).
  • Examples of constants include: cesium hyperfine frequency Cs, speed of light in vacuum c , Planck constant h, elementary charge e, Boltzmann constant k, Avogadro constant NA, and luminous efficacy of a defined visible radiation Kcd.

The Metric System

  • Distance (m)
  • Temperature (°C)
  • Mass (g)
  • Volume (L)

Metric System Prefixes

  • Prefixes increase or decrease by a factor of 10, where meter, gram, and liters are one.
  • There are prefixes for 10^18 (E) to 10^-18 (A), with examples including kilo (k), hecto (h), deca (da), deci (d), centi (c), milli (m), micro (μ), nano (n), and pico (p).

Common Medical Conversions

  • Distance: meters = feet * 0.3 + inches * 0.025
  • Temperature: Celsius = (°F - 32) * 5/9
  • Mass: kilograms = pounds ÷ 2.2

Documentation of Units

  • Use standardized prefix symbols; capital and lowercase letters indicate different units.
  • There is a space between the number and the unit.
  • Use decimals for partial numbers; a zero before the decimal for partial numbers.
  • If value is greater than 1, the abbreviated unit is plural except for temperature that is always plural. Abbreviated units are never plural.

Pediatric Weight Calculation

  • Many formulas used to estimate the weight of a pediatric patient.
  • Three examples given for calculation of pediatric weight include: Braslow tape, APLS formula, and OBHG (age-based "Best Guess").

Medication Administration - Non-Injectable

  • Medications come in various forms like pills, capsules, liquids, patches, etc.
  • The pharmacy usually supplies the formulation corresponding to the dose to be administered.
  • Liquids are often drawn into a syringe for precise measurements.
  • Pills or patches may be cut along score lines to administer half the total dose.

Medication Administration - Injectable

  • Injectable medications may be in ampoules or vials.
  • Vials may contain a powdered form of the drug requiring reconstitution prior to administration.
  • A vial may contain multiple doses; ampoules are single-use only.
  • Drugs are drawn up using a syringe and a blunt-tip needle.
  • The blunt-tip needle is then exchanged for an injection needle.

Making an Infusion

  • Some drugs are administered via infusion over time, meaning they're given in an IV bag.
  • Some drugs come pre-mixed. The IV bag is connected to an administration set, and the rate is calculated per hour. Some drugs must be added to a generic IV bag before connecting the IV.
  • Step-by-step instructions on how to correctly label the IV bag with the medication, volume, and concentration are included.

Labeling Your Bag or Syringe

  • Include the drug name (preferred to use the generic name).
  • Write the amount of drug added.
  • Write the volume of fluid the drug was added to.
  • Write the unit concentration of the syringe or bag.

Calculating Weight-Based Doses

  • Some orders are simple with the dose specified.
  • Some orders are for weight-based doses and require calculation.
  • Most pediatric and some adult medication dosages are based on the patient's weight.
  • Drugs ordered can be based on ideal body weight (IBW), lean body weight (LBW), or total body weight (TBW)

Calculating Weight-Based Doses - Example

  • Instructions in slide explaining how to calculate the appropriate dose.

Rounding Doses or Volumes

  • Rounding doses and volumes to be administered is common in medicine for reasons like medication formulary format, ease of administration, simplified calculations, and staying within the therapeutic range.
  • Rules for rounding are provided.

Calculating Volume to be Administered

  • Methods for converting medication dosage into volume required for administration.
  • Formula and ratio methods are shown as examples.

Calculating Infusion Rates

  • Calculating the mL/h infusion rate by converting the total volume to mL and then dividing by hours required. Some examples are given.

Interpreting Orders

  • Different ways that fluids and medicines will be ordered. Example of boluses or over time.

Other

  • Practice materials are offered through Nearpod.
  • Contact information is provided for questions.

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Related Documents

Medical Math - Part 1 PDF

Description

This quiz covers Medical Math concepts including metric and SI unit conversions, documentation rules for drug administration, and calculations for pediatric weight and medication dosages. It is designed to help reinforce the skills necessary for accurate medical calculations and safe practice in healthcare settings.

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