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Questions and Answers
Which of the following correctly represents the formatting of a measurement of 45.6 milliliters?
Which of the following correctly represents the formatting of a measurement of 45.6 milliliters?
A measurement of 0.75 liters should be written as which of the following?
A measurement of 0.75 liters should be written as which of the following?
Which of the following is the correct way to represent a quantity of 12345 grams?
Which of the following is the correct way to represent a quantity of 12345 grams?
How should 'a 6-milliliter dose' be written, given the guidance on hyphens and units?
How should 'a 6-milliliter dose' be written, given the guidance on hyphens and units?
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A child is 7 years old. Using the APLS (Advanced Pediatric Life Support) formula, what would be their estimated weight?
A child is 7 years old. Using the APLS (Advanced Pediatric Life Support) formula, what would be their estimated weight?
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According the OBHG formula, what is the estimated weight for a 6-month old?
According the OBHG formula, what is the estimated weight for a 6-month old?
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If a child is 13 years old, what is their estimated weight according to the 'Best Guess' formula?
If a child is 13 years old, what is their estimated weight according to the 'Best Guess' formula?
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Which of the following is a correct pluralization of a unit?
Which of the following is a correct pluralization of a unit?
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How should temperature be documented when it is exactly 0 degrees Celsius?
How should temperature be documented when it is exactly 0 degrees Celsius?
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Which medication administration method is NOT considered an injectable formulation?
Which medication administration method is NOT considered an injectable formulation?
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Which of the following is NOT a base unit in the International System of Units (SI)?
Which of the following is NOT a base unit in the International System of Units (SI)?
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If a patient's weight is recorded as 154 pounds, what is their approximate weight in kilograms?
If a patient's weight is recorded as 154 pounds, what is their approximate weight in kilograms?
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Which of the following correctly represents the relationship between grams, milligrams, and micrograms?
Which of the following correctly represents the relationship between grams, milligrams, and micrograms?
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A patient's temperature is 100.4 degrees Fahrenheit. What is this temperature in degrees Celsius?
A patient's temperature is 100.4 degrees Fahrenheit. What is this temperature in degrees Celsius?
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When administering a liquid medication, what tool is recommended for precise dosage measurement?
When administering a liquid medication, what tool is recommended for precise dosage measurement?
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A child is 3 feet 6 inches tall. What is their height in meters?
A child is 3 feet 6 inches tall. What is their height in meters?
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What is a key difference in handling ampoules versus vials for injectable medications?
What is a key difference in handling ampoules versus vials for injectable medications?
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Which of the following is the correct representation of a milligram?
Which of the following is the correct representation of a milligram?
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Which value is the same as 1,000,000 micrograms?
Which value is the same as 1,000,000 micrograms?
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Before drawing up medication from a vial containing a powdered drug, what critical step must be performed?
Before drawing up medication from a vial containing a powdered drug, what critical step must be performed?
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For injectable medication administrations, why is a blunt-tip needle used during the drawing up of medication from a vial?
For injectable medication administrations, why is a blunt-tip needle used during the drawing up of medication from a vial?
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What is the prefix that represents a factor of 1000?
What is the prefix that represents a factor of 1000?
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Why are some drugs administered through an intravenous (IV) infusion over time as opposed to a single injection?
Why are some drugs administered through an intravenous (IV) infusion over time as opposed to a single injection?
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Which of the following is a derived unit within the SI system?
Which of the following is a derived unit within the SI system?
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A length of 2 meters is equal to how many centimeters?
A length of 2 meters is equal to how many centimeters?
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What is the correct sequence of steps, after determining the volume of drug, when making an infusion?
What is the correct sequence of steps, after determining the volume of drug, when making an infusion?
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What information should be included when labeling a syringe or IV bag containing medication?
What information should be included when labeling a syringe or IV bag containing medication?
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What does the concentration of a preparation on a fluid or drug label indicate?
What does the concentration of a preparation on a fluid or drug label indicate?
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A patient requires a dose of 0.5ml of a medication, however the full vial contains 10ml. What is the most important consideration when drawing up the 0.5ml?
A patient requires a dose of 0.5ml of a medication, however the full vial contains 10ml. What is the most important consideration when drawing up the 0.5ml?
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According to the information, how can a solid dose medication, such as a tablet, be administered as half of the total dose?
According to the information, how can a solid dose medication, such as a tablet, be administered as half of the total dose?
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A patient is ordered to receive a bolus of 150 mL of 0.9% NaCl. How should this be documented?
A patient is ordered to receive a bolus of 150 mL of 0.9% NaCl. How should this be documented?
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If a medication is ordered to be administered at a rate of 25 mcg/min, how should this be documented?
If a medication is ordered to be administered at a rate of 25 mcg/min, how should this be documented?
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A medication order reads: 'Administer lorazepam 0.05 mg/kg IV'. If the patient weighs 200 lbs, what dose of lorazepam should be administered?
A medication order reads: 'Administer lorazepam 0.05 mg/kg IV'. If the patient weighs 200 lbs, what dose of lorazepam should be administered?
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You have an order to administer 70 mcg/min of a medication IV. This is equivalent to:
You have an order to administer 70 mcg/min of a medication IV. This is equivalent to:
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Which of the following best describes when to use a patient's total body weight for medication dosing?
Which of the following best describes when to use a patient's total body weight for medication dosing?
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An order states 'Administer 1 g of ceftriaxone IV'. How should this be documented?
An order states 'Administer 1 g of ceftriaxone IV'. How should this be documented?
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A patient is ordered to receive an infusion of 0.45% NaCl at 125 mL/hr. How should this be documented?
A patient is ordered to receive an infusion of 0.45% NaCl at 125 mL/hr. How should this be documented?
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You are ordered to administer a weight based medication. The patient's weight is recorded in pounds. What do you need to do FIRST to calculate the dose?
You are ordered to administer a weight based medication. The patient's weight is recorded in pounds. What do you need to do FIRST to calculate the dose?
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A patient is to receive an infusion of a medication at a rate of 10 mcg/kg/min. If the patient weighs 110 lbs and you have a 100mg/10ml solution. How many milliliters(mL) of this solution are needed per hour?
A patient is to receive an infusion of a medication at a rate of 10 mcg/kg/min. If the patient weighs 110 lbs and you have a 100mg/10ml solution. How many milliliters(mL) of this solution are needed per hour?
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When rounding drug doses, what is the most important consideration?
When rounding drug doses, what is the most important consideration?
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Study Notes
Medical Math Part 1
- Review the Medical Math – Part 1 presentation posted on Brightspace.
- Complete the Med Math – Practice Booklet 1.
- Complete the weekly medical math practice booklets throughout the course.
Objectives
- Review metric and SI units, their prefixes, and documentation.
- Review unit conversion calculations.
- Review documentation rules related to fluid and drug administration..
- Estimate pediatric weight using different tools.
- Calculate drug doses and volumes.
- Calculate weight-based drug doses.
- Calculate infusion doses and administration rates over time.
SI Units (Système International d'Unités)
- Internationally adopted system based on seven defining constants.
- Seven agreed-upon base units: meter (m), kilogram (kg), ampere (A), second(s), Kelvin (K), mole (mol), and candela (cd).
- Examples of constants include: cesium hyperfine frequency Cs, speed of light in vacuum c , Planck constant h, elementary charge e, Boltzmann constant k, Avogadro constant NA, and luminous efficacy of a defined visible radiation Kcd.
The Metric System
- Distance (m)
- Temperature (°C)
- Mass (g)
- Volume (L)
Metric System Prefixes
- Prefixes increase or decrease by a factor of 10, where meter, gram, and liters are one.
- There are prefixes for 10^18 (E) to 10^-18 (A), with examples including kilo (k), hecto (h), deca (da), deci (d), centi (c), milli (m), micro (μ), nano (n), and pico (p).
Common Medical Conversions
- Distance: meters = feet * 0.3 + inches * 0.025
- Temperature: Celsius = (°F - 32) * 5/9
- Mass: kilograms = pounds ÷ 2.2
Documentation of Units
- Use standardized prefix symbols; capital and lowercase letters indicate different units.
- There is a space between the number and the unit.
- Use decimals for partial numbers; a zero before the decimal for partial numbers.
- If value is greater than 1, the abbreviated unit is plural except for temperature that is always plural. Abbreviated units are never plural.
Pediatric Weight Calculation
- Many formulas used to estimate the weight of a pediatric patient.
- Three examples given for calculation of pediatric weight include: Braslow tape, APLS formula, and OBHG (age-based "Best Guess").
Medication Administration - Non-Injectable
- Medications come in various forms like pills, capsules, liquids, patches, etc.
- The pharmacy usually supplies the formulation corresponding to the dose to be administered.
- Liquids are often drawn into a syringe for precise measurements.
- Pills or patches may be cut along score lines to administer half the total dose.
Medication Administration - Injectable
- Injectable medications may be in ampoules or vials.
- Vials may contain a powdered form of the drug requiring reconstitution prior to administration.
- A vial may contain multiple doses; ampoules are single-use only.
- Drugs are drawn up using a syringe and a blunt-tip needle.
- The blunt-tip needle is then exchanged for an injection needle.
Making an Infusion
- Some drugs are administered via infusion over time, meaning they're given in an IV bag.
- Some drugs come pre-mixed. The IV bag is connected to an administration set, and the rate is calculated per hour. Some drugs must be added to a generic IV bag before connecting the IV.
- Step-by-step instructions on how to correctly label the IV bag with the medication, volume, and concentration are included.
Labeling Your Bag or Syringe
- Include the drug name (preferred to use the generic name).
- Write the amount of drug added.
- Write the volume of fluid the drug was added to.
- Write the unit concentration of the syringe or bag.
Calculating Weight-Based Doses
- Some orders are simple with the dose specified.
- Some orders are for weight-based doses and require calculation.
- Most pediatric and some adult medication dosages are based on the patient's weight.
- Drugs ordered can be based on ideal body weight (IBW), lean body weight (LBW), or total body weight (TBW)
Calculating Weight-Based Doses - Example
- Instructions in slide explaining how to calculate the appropriate dose.
Rounding Doses or Volumes
- Rounding doses and volumes to be administered is common in medicine for reasons like medication formulary format, ease of administration, simplified calculations, and staying within the therapeutic range.
- Rules for rounding are provided.
Calculating Volume to be Administered
- Methods for converting medication dosage into volume required for administration.
- Formula and ratio methods are shown as examples.
Calculating Infusion Rates
- Calculating the mL/h infusion rate by converting the total volume to mL and then dividing by hours required. Some examples are given.
Interpreting Orders
- Different ways that fluids and medicines will be ordered. Example of boluses or over time.
Other
- Practice materials are offered through Nearpod.
- Contact information is provided for questions.
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Description
This quiz covers Medical Math concepts including metric and SI unit conversions, documentation rules for drug administration, and calculations for pediatric weight and medication dosages. It is designed to help reinforce the skills necessary for accurate medical calculations and safe practice in healthcare settings.
