Medical Important Viruses
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Questions and Answers

What are the two geometric configurations of capsid symmetry commonly found in virus families?

  • Spherical and Triangular
  • Helical and Square
  • Helical and Icosahedral (correct)
  • Icosahedral and Rectangular

    • What characterizes positive-strand RNA viruses?

  • Their RNA has messenger RNA sense, allowing it to act as a template for protein synthesis (correct)
  • They are double-stranded RNA viruses
  • They consist only of genetic material without a protein coat
  • Their RNA cannot be used as a template for protein synthesis

    • What is the term for the complex formed by polypeptides and viral nucleic acid in helical capsids?

  • Nucleocapsid (correct)
  • Capsomer
  • Genome
  • Capsid

    • How are capsomers in icosahedral viruses arranged?

    <p>Grouped into structural subassemblies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates single-stranded RNA genomes based on polarity?

    <p>Their capacity to function as a template for protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a necessary component in the formation of helical capsids?

    <p>Hydrogen bonding between protomers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of viral genome is commonly found as double-stranded?

    <p>dsDNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What property is NOT used to differentiate between genera and species within a virus family?

    <p>Capsid shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the diameter of adenoviruses?

    <p>75 nm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of virus is known for causing latent infections?

    <p>Herpesviruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hepatitis B virus belongs to which family of viruses?

    <p>Hepadnaviruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is unique about the DNA of hepadnaviruses?

    <p>It is double-stranded and circular but incomplete.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which viruses are among the notable human pathogens in the herpesvirus family?

    <p>Epstein-Barr virus and Varicella-zoster virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary shape of poxviruses?

    <p>Bricklike</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following viruses are classified as naked icosahedral viruses?

    <p>Adenoviruses and Picornaviruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Caliciviruses are characterized as being what size?

    <p>38 nm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two primary components that make up a virus?

    <p>Protein structure and a nucleic acid genome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature is NOT used to categorize viruses into families and genera?

    <p>Host organism type</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of virus is the smallest based on the provided information?

    <p>Parvoviruses at approximately 20 nm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the complete virus particle that comprises a genome and a capsid called?

    <p>Virion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the pathogenicity of a virus?

    <p>It is influenced by structural and functional characteristics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can the size of viruses be best compared to the size of bacteria?

    <p>Viruses are approximately 100- to 1000-fold smaller than cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What property allows viruses to pass through filters that trap bacteria?

    <p>Their small size compared to bacterial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of viral capsid symmetry is mentioned as a classification criterion?

    <p>Helical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following viruses is known as the only important human pathogen among rhabdoviruses?

    <p>Rabies virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic that defines filoviruses?

    <p>Helical nucleocapsid and pleomorphic structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus emerged in 2020 and is responsible for causing COVID-19 disease?

    <p>SARS-CoV-2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The term 'corona' in coronaviruses refers to which feature of these viruses?

    <p>The halo of spikes on their surface</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus has been placed in its own genus called hepevirus?

    <p>Hepatitis E virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main human pathogen associated with reoviruses?

    <p>Rotavirus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fatality rate associated with SARS, as reported during the outbreak?

    <p>9%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of RNA do flaviviruses possess?

    <p>Single-stranded positive-polarity RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which animals are recognized as reservoirs and intermediate hosts for SARS-CoV?

    <p>Horseshoe bats and civet cats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What viral disease is primarily caused by coronaviruses, notably in its milder form?

    <p>The common cold</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of viruses contains the rubella virus?

    <p>Togaviruses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virus is characterized by the reverse transcription of RNA into DNA?

    <p>Human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about parainfluenza viruses is true?

    <p>They represent important human pathogens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of orthomyxoviruses?

    <p>They have a helical nucleocapsid and eight segments of RNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following viruses is primarily responsible for influenza?

    <p>Influenza virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of viral genome do retroviruses possess?

    <p>Single-stranded diploid RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mode of transmission of MERS to humans?

    <p>Close contact with camels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about COVID-19 is correct?

    <p>Most people recover from COVID-19 without special treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another name for the MERS virus?

    <p>Human coronavirus-EMC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of people who contract COVID-19 become seriously ill?

    <p>About 1 out of every 6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is NOT commonly associated with COVID-19?

    <p>Skin rash</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What unique characteristic does MERS-CoV have regarding its relation to other viruses?

    <p>It is closely related to a bat coronavirus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At which point did WHO declare COVID-19 a pandemic?

    <p>March 11, 2020</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group of individuals is at higher risk for serious illness from COVID-19?

    <p>Older adults and people with underlying health conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Medical Important Viruses

    • Viruses are infectious agents with two main components: a genome (RNA or DNA, but not both) and a protein capsid to protect the genome.
    • Some viruses have additional features like an envelope, a lipid bilayer with proteins, differentiating virus groups.
    • A complete virus particle is called a virion.
    • Viruses replicate within host cells through a complex process, which typically involves attachment to the host cell, penetration and uncoating, gene expression and replication, assembly, and release of new virions.
    • Viruses are significantly smaller than the cells they infect, typically ranging from 20 -300 nm in diameter.
    • Viruses generally pass through filters designed to trap bacteria.
    • Virus classification is based on genome type, replication strategy, capsid symmetry, and the presence/absence of an envelope.
    • Viral classification is organised into families, subfamilies, genera and species.
    • Viral genomes can be either RNA or DNA, single-stranded or double-stranded.
    • Viral capsids are typically either helical or icosahedral.
    • Some viruses have an envelope, derived from the host cell membrane.
    • Viruses can cause a variety of diseases, presenting a wide range of structural and functional characteristics, and different species within a group of viruses can produce distinctly different pathologies.
    • Different viral families and diseases covered are: Herpesviruses, Adenoviruses, Papovaviruses, Hepadnaviruses, Poxviruses, RNA viruses, etc.

    Virus Structure

    • Viruses, from the smallest to the largest, vary in size and can overlap in size with some bacteria.
    • Viruses are significantly smaller than the cells they infect.
    • The smallest viruses, such as parvoviruses are approximately 20nm in diameter, while the largest viruses, such as poxviruses, are approximately 300nm in diameter.

    Baltimore Classification of Medically Important Viruses

    • There are seven groups of viruses in the classification.
    • Group I: dsDNA viruses
    • Group II: ssDNA viruses
    • Group III: dsRNA viruses
    • Group IV: (+)ssRNA viruses
    • Group V: (-)ssRNA viruses
    • Group VI: (+)ssRNA reverse-transcribing viruses
    • Group VII: dsDNA reverse-transcribing viruses

    Viral Replication

    • The steps of viral replication include attachment, penetration, uncoating, gene expression, replication, assembly, and release.
    • Different viruses utilize slightly different strategies, but the basic process remains similar across many viral types.

    COVID-19

    • COVID-19 is a zoonotic disease caused by SARS-CoV-2.
    • The most common symptoms of COVID-19 are fever, tiredness, and dry cough.
    • Some people experience additional symptoms including body aches, nasal congestion, runny nose, sore throat, or diarrhea.
    • The virus has variants that cause outbreaks internationally.

    Prevention of COVID-19

    • Washing hands with soap and water or sanitizer for at least 20 seconds is effective.
    • Avoiding close contact with sick individuals is crucial.
    • Covering mouth and nose with a mask when around others is a preventative measure.
    • Avoiding crowded places limits exposure to the virus.

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    Medical Important Viruses PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the fundamental aspects of viruses, including their structure, replication process, and classification. Participants will explore the differences between RNA and DNA viruses, as well as the significance of virions and viral families. Test your knowledge on the critical features that differentiate various virus groups.

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