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Questions and Answers
Which of the following are components of image evaluation? (Select all that apply)
The term 'radio-opaque' refers to dark areas on an X-ray.
False
The proximal row of carpal bones includes the Scaphoid and Lunate.
True
What does the term 'distal' refer to in anatomical terms?
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Name one of the two bones that are superimposed on the lateral view of the wrist.
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Which bone is commonly fractured in the wrist?
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What is the orientation of the X-ray beam in an antero-posterior (AP) view?
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What is defined as a smooth rounded articular surface?
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What are some factors to assess for image quality? (Select all that apply)
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Radiolucent areas on an X-ray indicate high radiation absorption.
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What does AP stand for in X-ray image orientation?
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What term is used for anatomy close to the midline of the body?
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Which are the most proximal: the carpal bones or the phalanges?
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Which digit is the thumb referred to as?
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What does the mnemonic 'So Long To Pinky' help to remember?
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What is the name of the area where muscles attach on a bone?
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Which two bones are superimposed on a lateral view of the wrist?
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Study Notes
Medical Imaging Division Overview
- Focus on evaluating diagnostic images of upper and lower extremities.
- Critical learning objectives include applying image critique skills.
Image Evaluation Criteria
- Evaluate based on patient data, technical quality, anatomical content, and pathological outcome.
- Essential patient data includes ID, name, number, and date.
Image Quality Assessment
- Key parameters: Density (controlled by mAs) and Contrast (controlled by kVp).
- Factors impacting image quality: Scatter, kVp, X-ray tube filtration, and collimation.
- Consider motion blur and artifacts from the patient or imaging chain.
Anatomical Content Evaluation
- Assess whether all anatomy is visible, if pathologies are present, and if clinical questions are addressed.
- Determine necessity for supplementary views based on findings.
X-ray Image Terminology
- Radio-opaque: Areas appearing white on X-ray due to high radiation absorption.
- Radiolucent: Areas appearing black/dark due to lower radiation absorption.
X-ray Orientation
- Antero-posterior (AP): X-ray beam directed from front to back.
- Postero-anterior (PA): X-ray beam directed from back to front.
- Supine: Patient lying on their back; Prone: Patient lying on their front; Erect: Patient standing upright.
- Lateral: Patient positioned on their side; Oblique: Patient rotated.
Anatomical Orientation Terms
- Proximal: Anatomy close to body midline.
- Distal: Anatomy away from body midline.
- Carpal bones are more proximal than phalanges.
Bones of the Hand
- Naming convention: Thumb (1), Index (2), Middle (3), Ring (4), Little (5).
- Key parts of metacarpals: Head, Neck, Shaft, Base, Distal Phalanx, Epiphyseal Line.
Carpal Bones Mnemonic
- Mnemonic: "So Long To Pinky" corresponds to:
- Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetral, Pisiform (Proximal row).
- Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate (Distal row).
Specific Carpal Bones
- Proximal row bones include:
- Scaphoid (most commonly fractured), Lunate (moon-shaped), Triquetrum (hides pisiform), Pisiform (anterior).
- Distal row bones include:
- Trapezium (under thumb), Trapezoid, Capitate (largest), Hamate (hook-like process).
Distal Radius and Ulna
- Key parts: Radial styloid (RS), Ulnar styloid (US), Lunate (L).
- Radius and ulna are superimposed in lateral views.
Bony Terminology
- Tuberosity: Roughened bone area for muscle attachment (e.g., radial tuberosity).
- Fossa: Depressed area of bone (e.g., olecranon fossa), not part of a joint.
- Condyle: Rounded articular surface (e.g., femoral condyle).
- Epicondyle: Rounded area superior to condyle.
Medical Imaging Division Overview
- Focus on evaluating diagnostic images of upper and lower extremities.
- Critical learning objectives include applying image critique skills.
Image Evaluation Criteria
- Evaluate based on patient data, technical quality, anatomical content, and pathological outcome.
- Essential patient data includes ID, name, number, and date.
Image Quality Assessment
- Key parameters: Density (controlled by mAs) and Contrast (controlled by kVp).
- Factors impacting image quality: Scatter, kVp, X-ray tube filtration, and collimation.
- Consider motion blur and artifacts from the patient or imaging chain.
Anatomical Content Evaluation
- Assess whether all anatomy is visible, if pathologies are present, and if clinical questions are addressed.
- Determine necessity for supplementary views based on findings.
X-ray Image Terminology
- Radio-opaque: Areas appearing white on X-ray due to high radiation absorption.
- Radiolucent: Areas appearing black/dark due to lower radiation absorption.
X-ray Orientation
- Antero-posterior (AP): X-ray beam directed from front to back.
- Postero-anterior (PA): X-ray beam directed from back to front.
- Supine: Patient lying on their back; Prone: Patient lying on their front; Erect: Patient standing upright.
- Lateral: Patient positioned on their side; Oblique: Patient rotated.
Anatomical Orientation Terms
- Proximal: Anatomy close to body midline.
- Distal: Anatomy away from body midline.
- Carpal bones are more proximal than phalanges.
Bones of the Hand
- Naming convention: Thumb (1), Index (2), Middle (3), Ring (4), Little (5).
- Key parts of metacarpals: Head, Neck, Shaft, Base, Distal Phalanx, Epiphyseal Line.
Carpal Bones Mnemonic
- Mnemonic: "So Long To Pinky" corresponds to:
- Scaphoid, Lunate, Triquetral, Pisiform (Proximal row).
- Trapezium, Trapezoid, Capitate, Hamate (Distal row).
Specific Carpal Bones
- Proximal row bones include:
- Scaphoid (most commonly fractured), Lunate (moon-shaped), Triquetrum (hides pisiform), Pisiform (anterior).
- Distal row bones include:
- Trapezium (under thumb), Trapezoid, Capitate (largest), Hamate (hook-like process).
Distal Radius and Ulna
- Key parts: Radial styloid (RS), Ulnar styloid (US), Lunate (L).
- Radius and ulna are superimposed in lateral views.
Bony Terminology
- Tuberosity: Roughened bone area for muscle attachment (e.g., radial tuberosity).
- Fossa: Depressed area of bone (e.g., olecranon fossa), not part of a joint.
- Condyle: Rounded articular surface (e.g., femoral condyle).
- Epicondyle: Rounded area superior to condyle.
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Description
Explore the essentials of medical imaging in this HMI 2403 quiz. Test your skills in image critique and diagnostic evaluation, focusing on radiographic anatomy and common pathologies of the upper and lower extremities. Enhance your understanding of the anatomical structures and imaging techniques essential for healthcare professionals.
