Medical Error Definitions and Management
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Questions and Answers

What is the definition of an error according to the Institute of Medicine and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality?

  • A deliberate act to harm someone
  • The failure of a planned action to be completed as intended or the use of a wrong plan to achieve an aim (correct)
  • A situation where an intended outcome is achieved
  • A minor mistake with no consequences
  • According to James Reason's principles of error management, what is the main goal of effective error management?

  • To identify and punish individuals who make mistakes
  • To achieve a one-time fix to the problem
  • To eliminate human error completely
  • To aim for continuous reform and improvement (correct)
  • What is a key characteristic of safety significant errors, according to James Reason's principles of error management?

  • They can occur at all levels of the system (correct)
  • They only occur at the lowest levels of the system
  • They are always minor and have no consequences
  • They are always intentional
  • Why is blaming individuals who make mistakes emotionally satisfying, but useless for solving the issues?

    <p>Because it shifts the focus away from the system and onto the individual (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between blame and accountability in the context of error management?

    <p>Blame is about punishing individuals, while accountability is about fixing the system (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the implication of the statement 'human error is both universal and inevitable'?

    <p>That errors are a natural part of the human experience and can be moderated, but not eliminated (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the tendency to make mistakes or be wrong referred to as?

    <p>Fallibility (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do people make mistakes regardless of their experience, intelligence, motivation, or vigilance?

    <p>Because of human fallibility (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of the person approach in addressing human fallibility?

    <p>Focusing on the errors of individuals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of the system approach in addressing human fallibility?

    <p>To build defenses to avert or mitigate errors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the influence of human and individual characteristics and organizational and job factors on behavior/performance at work?

    <p>Human factors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a hazard in the workplace?

    <p>A condition that increases the potential for an error to occur (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many human performance modes are there in which errors can occur?

    <p>3 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a skill-based performance mode?

    <p>Driving a car (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of skill-based performance mode?

    <p>It involves acting from memory as if on auto-pilot (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ultimate goal of applying human factors in the design of systems and tasks?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key factor that influences human performance in an organization?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of competing priorities or ill-defined expectations and work practices in an organization?

    <p>Increased error rates (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of simplifying and standardizing organizational processes?

    <p>To reduce errors and improve performance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of error occurs when an individual performs a routine, familiar task?

    <p>Slip (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of inexperience combined with a lack of supervision?

    <p>Increased error risk (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should leaders, peers, and subordinates do to encourage high levels of performance from individuals?

    <p>Reinforce and encourage individuals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of Rule-based Performance Mode?

    <p>It involves unfamiliar situations requiring analytical skills and judgment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between Slips and Lapses?

    <p>Slips are when someone does something but it is not what is intended, while Lapses are when we simply forget (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of Slips and Lapses?

    <p>Inattention (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of Knowledge-based Performance Mode Errors?

    <p>They are due to lack of knowledge or missing information (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Availability Heuristic?

    <p>A tendency to use the first information that comes to mind (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Hindsight Bias?

    <p>A type of Knowledge-based Performance Mode Error (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most important factor in preventing errors?

    <p>Being self-aware (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between Mistakes and Errors?

    <p>Mistakes are errors that occur during somewhat familiar or new activities that require thought, while Errors are errors that occur during routine activities that do not require thought (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of Confirmation Bias?

    <p>A tendency to look for evidence that supports an early working hypothesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of having contingencies in place?

    <p>To minimize the chance for error and cope with problems, interruptions, and distractions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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