Medical Disorders Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a symptom commonly associated with autoimmune disorders?

  • Fatigue
  • Frequent infections (correct)
  • Skin rashes
  • Joint pain
  • What is a common cause of both male and female reproductive disorders?

  • Genetic predisposition
  • Environmental triggers
  • Infections (correct)
  • Dietary choices
  • Which of the following gastrointestinal disorders is primarily characterized by bloating and abdominal pain?

  • Hepatitis
  • Pancreatitis
  • GERD
  • IBS (correct)
  • Which of the following conditions is classified under nutritional deficiency disorders?

    <p>Scurvy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant environmental factor that can trigger autoimmune disorders?

    <p>Exposure to certain infections (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is typically seen in overnutrition disorders?

    <p>Joint pain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a symptom associated with pancreatic disorders such as diabetes mellitus?

    <p>Increased thirst (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common cause of hypersensitivity disorders?

    <p>Overreaction to harmless substances (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which prefix indicates something is occurring within the body?

    <p>Intra- (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the suffix '-megaly' signify?

    <p>Enlargement (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which prefix means 'slow' as in a reduced speed or pace?

    <p>Brady- (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the meaning of the suffix '-itis'?

    <p>Inflammation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which prefix denotes a condition involving a lack or deficiency?

    <p>A- / An- (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following suffixes indicates a surgical procedure?

    <p>-plasty (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the prefix 'Dys-' imply in medical terms?

    <p>Difficult or abnormal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which suffix corresponds to the concept of cell types?

    <p>-cyte (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which prefix refers to a process that occurs rapidly?

    <p>Tachy- (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the suffix '-pathy' signify in medical terminology?

    <p>Disorder or disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disorder is primarily associated with reduced mobility due to bone pain?

    <p>Osteoporosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common cause is shared between chronic kidney disease and diabetes?

    <p>High blood pressure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is most likely to present with symptoms of joint stiffness and swelling?

    <p>Arthritis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary symptom of both acute kidney injury and urinary tract infections?

    <p>Frequent urination (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disorder is characterized by hyper-flexibility and weak joints due to genetic mutations?

    <p>Marfan syndrome (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of disorder is primarily affected by environmental factors such as dehydration and high salt intake?

    <p>Kidney Stones (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disease is likely to cause muscle weakness and difficulty in breathing, primarily due to autoimmune responses?

    <p>Myasthenia gravis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main cause of degenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease?

    <p>Age-related cell death (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is associated with enlarged lymph nodes, night sweats, and weight loss?

    <p>Lymphoma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Inflammation due to autoimmune reactions, particularly leading to skin rashes and joint pain, is characteristic of which disorder?

    <p>Vasculitis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common type of vaginal cancer?

    <p>Squamous Cell Carcinoma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is associated with cervicitis?

    <p>Mucopurulent discharge (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common treatment for Endometritis?

    <p>Antibiotics (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disorder is characterized by inflammation of the cervix caused by infections?

    <p>Cervicitis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which genetic mutation results in a shift in the reading frame of DNA sequences?

    <p>Frameshift Mutations (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of chromosomal abnormality is characterized by an extra copy of a chromosome segment?

    <p>Duplications (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ovarian disorder is commonly associated with symptoms like hirsutism and irregular menstruation?

    <p>Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disorder typically presents with postcoital bleeding and may be asymptomatic?

    <p>Cervical Polyps (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of Turner Syndrome?

    <p>Missing X chromosome (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which teratogen can lead to neural tube defects if there are nutritional deficiencies during pregnancy?

    <p>Folic acid deficiency (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the prefix 'neuro-' signify in medical terminology?

    <p>Nerve (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which suffix would indicate a condition characterized by pain?

    <p>-dynia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The prefix 'gastro-' is associated with which part of the body?

    <p>Stomach (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of medical professional would specialize in the study of disease processes?

    <p>Pathologist (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following prefixes refers to the structure that stores bile?

    <p>Hepato- (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated by the suffix '-itis' in medical terms?

    <p>Inflammation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the prefix 'immuno-' relate to in medical terminology?

    <p>Protection (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which suffix indicates a medical procedure to create an opening?

    <p>-stomy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the prefix 'pneumo-' generally indicate?

    <p>Air or lung (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The suffix '-logy' refers to which of the following?

    <p>The study of (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does '-plegia' denote in medical terms?

    <p>Paralysis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a 'chondrocyte'?

    <p>A cell that produces cartilage (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common symptom of a Bartholin Gland Cyst?

    <p>Swelling (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The prefix 'toxo-' is used in terms related to which concept?

    <p>Poison (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Autoimmune Disorders

    Immune system mistakenly attacks body's own cells leading to inflammation

    Immunodeficiency Disorders

    Weak immune response, making susceptible to infections

    Erectile Dysfunction

    Inability to get or maintain an erection

    PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome)

    Female reproductive disorder with hormonal imbalance and cysts

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    GERD (Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease)

    Stomach acid flows back into the esophagus causing heartburn

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    Vitamin Deficiency (e.g., Scurvy)

    Lack of essential vitamins causing sickness and problems

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    Hypothyroidism

    Underactive thyroid gland, leading to low thyroid hormone

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    Diabetes Mellitus

    Metabolic disorder affecting blood sugar regulation

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    Prefix: A- / An-

    Means "without", "lack of", or "not".

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    Prefix: Ab-

    Means "away from".

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    Prefix: Ad-

    Means "toward" or "near".

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    Prefix: Endo-

    Means "within" or "inside".

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    Prefix: Exo-

    Means "outside" or "outward".

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    Suffix: -itis

    Means "inflammation".

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    Suffix: -oma

    Means "tumor" or "mass".

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    Suffix: -pathy

    Means "disease" or "disorder".

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    Suffix: -penia

    Means "deficiency".

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    Suffix: -scope

    Means "instrument for viewing".

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    Central Nervous System (CNS) Disorder

    Conditions affecting the brain and spinal cord, encompassing a broad range of potential illnesses, symptoms, impairments and causes.

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    Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Disorder

    Nervous system conditions that impact the nerves extending outside the brain and spinal cord, leading to various sensory and motor problems.

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    Osteoporosis

    A bone disorder characterized by reduced bone density, increasing the risk of fractures.

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    Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)

    A sudden decline in kidney function, typically causing decreased urine output and other related symptoms.

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    Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD)

    A gradual loss of kidney function that progresses over time, often linked to underlying conditions like diabetes or high blood pressure.

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    Muscle Weakness

    A symptom characterized by difficulty or inability to move various muscles effectively.

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    Seizures

    Sudden, abnormal electrical activity in the brain, resulting in temporary changes in behavior, sensation, and muscle control, and typically associated with conditions such as epilepsy.

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    Joint Pain

    Discomfort or aches felt in the joints of the body.

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    Kidney Stones

    Solid masses that form in the kidneys, often composed of minerals or salts.

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    Genetic Mutations

    Changes to the DNA (genetic code) that can lead to various health issues including some musculoskeletal and nervous system disorders.

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    Vaginal Discharge

    An abnormal flow of fluid from the vagina, often caused by infections like yeast or bacterial vaginosis.

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    Cervicitis

    Inflammation of the cervix, often caused by infections like Chlamydia or gonorrhea.

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    Cervical Polyps

    Soft, red growths on the cervix caused by inflammation in the cervical lining.

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    Endometritis

    Inflammation of the uterine lining, often caused by infection after childbirth or a procedure.

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    Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID)

    Infection of the female reproductive organs, including the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries, often caused by STIs.

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    Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)

    A hormonal disorder causing multiple cysts on the ovaries, leading to irregular periods and infertility.

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    Endometrial Cancer

    Cancer of the uterine lining, often caused by prolonged estrogen exposure.

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    Ovarian Cancer

    Cancer originating in the ovaries, often detected in later stages due to subtle symptoms.

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    Point Mutations

    Changes in a single base of DNA, potentially disrupting gene function.

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    Chromosomal Abnormalities

    Changes in the number or structure of chromosomes, leading to genetic disorders.

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    Reproductive System

    Organ system responsible for producing offspring and ensuring species survival. It impacts both physical and psychological well-being, influencing fertility and sexuality.

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    Bartholin Gland Cyst

    A fluid-filled sac in the Bartholin gland, caused by a blockage in the duct. This can lead to swelling, pain, and potential infection.

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    Leukoplakia

    White lesions on the vulva, a non-cancerous skin change. Often associated with irritation or hormonal factors.

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    Vaginitis

    Inflammation of the vagina, often caused by infections, irritants, or hormonal shifts.

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    Dyspareunia

    Painful sexual intercourse, often associated with vulvar disorders or conditions.

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    Antibody

    A protein produced by the immune system that specifically targets and neutralizes foreign substances like bacteria or viruses.

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    Bilateral

    Affecting both sides of the body, symmetrical.

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    Biology

    The scientific study of life, exploring living organisms and their processes.

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    Chondrocyte

    A specialized cell found in cartilage, responsible for the formation and maintenance of this connective tissue.

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    Colonoscopy

    A procedure using a flexible tube with a camera to visualize the colon, used for diagnosis and treatment.

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    Dermatitis

    Inflammation of the skin, often caused by allergies, irritations, or infections.

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    Electrocardiogram (ECG)

    A recording of the electrical activity of the heart, used to assess heart function and detect irregularities.

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    Endemic

    A disease or condition that is consistently present within a specific geographic area.

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    Erythrocyte

    A red blood cell, responsible for carrying oxygen throughout the body.

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    Exhale

    To breathe out air from the lungs.

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    Study Notes

    Immune Disorders

    • Autoimmune Disorders: Conditions where the immune system attacks the body's own tissues. Examples include rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and multiple sclerosis.
    • Symptoms: Joint pain, fatigue, fever, skin rashes, inflammation.
    • Causes: Genetic predisposition, infections, environmental triggers.
    • Immunodeficiency Disorders: Conditions where the immune system is weakened or doesn't function properly; examples include HIV/AIDS and primary immunodeficiency disorders.
    • Symptoms: Frequent infections, delayed wound healing, fatigue.
    • Causes: Genetic mutations, viruses, malnutrition.
    • Hypersensitivity Disorders: Conditions characterized by an overreaction of the immune system to harmless substances. Examples are allergies and anaphylaxis.
    • Symptoms: Sneezing, rashes, difficulty breathing, swelling.
    • Causes: Overreaction of the immune system to harmless substances.
    • Inflammatory Disorders: Conditions involving inflammation in various parts of the body. Examples include vasculitis and psoriasis.
    • Symptoms: Skin rashes, swelling, joint pain, fever.
    • Causes: Autoimmune reactions, infections, genetic predisposition.
    • Immune System Cancers: Malignant conditions of the immune cells, such as lymphoma and leukemia.
    • Symptoms: Enlarged lymph nodes, night sweats, weight loss.
    • Causes: Mutations in immune cells, genetic factors, viral infections.

    Reproductive Disorders

    • Male Reproductive Disorders: Problems affecting the male reproductive system. Examples include erectile dysfunction, prostate cancer, and infertility.
    • Symptoms: Difficulty maintaining an erection, pelvic pain, reduced sperm count.
    • Causes: Hormonal imbalances, infections, genetic factors
    • Female Reproductive Disorders: Problems affecting the female reproductive system. Examples include PCOS, endometriosis, and ovarian cancer.
    • Symptoms: Irregular periods, pelvic pain, abnormal bleeding.
    • Causes: Hormonal imbalances, genetics, infections
    • Hormonal Imbalance Disorders: Conditions related to hormonal imbalances in the reproductive system. Examples include hypogonadism and hyperprolactinemia.
    • Symptoms: Infertility, irregular menstruation, low libido
    • Causes: Pituitary gland issues, tumors, chronic diseases.
    • Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs): Infections spread through sexual contact. Examples include chlamydia, gonorrhea, and syphilis.
    • Symptoms: Genital pain, discharge, sores.
    • Causes: Bacterial or viral infections from unprotected sex

    Gastrointestinal Disorders

    • Digestive Tract Disorders: Problems of the digestive system. Examples include GERD, Crohn's disease, and Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS).
    • Symptoms: Heartburn, diarrhea, abdominal pain, bloating.
    • Causes: Diet, infections, genetics, stress.
    • Liver and Pancreatic Disorders: Problems affecting the liver and pancreas. Examples include hepatitis and pancreatitis.
    • Symptoms: Jaundice, abdominal pain, dark urine.
    • Causes: Alcohol abuse, infections, gallstones.
    • Intestinal Disorders: Problems affecting the intestines. Examples are Celiac disease and diverticulitis.
    • Symptoms: Bloating, diarrhea, abdominal cramps.
    • Causes: Gluten intolerance, low-fiber diet, aging.
    • Stomach Disorders: Problems affecting the stomach. Examples include peptic ulcers and gastritis.
    • Symptoms: Burning stomach pain, nausea, vomiting.
    • Causes: H. pylori infection, stress, NSAIDs overuse.

    Nutritional Disorders

    • Deficiency Disorders: Conditions caused by a lack of essential nutrients. Examples include scurvy (vitamin C deficiency), rickets (vitamin D deficiency), and anemia (iron deficiency).
    • Symptoms: Fatigue, weakness, bone deformities.
    • Causes: Poor diet, malabsorption
    • Overnutrition Disorders: Conditions caused by excessive nutrient intake. Examples include obesity and hypervitaminosis.
    • Symptoms: Weight gain, joint pain, toxicity symptoms.
    • Causes: Excessive calorie or nutrient intake
    • Eating Disorders: Psychological conditions characterized by abnormal eating habits, like anorexia nervosa, bulimia, and binge-eating disorder.
    • Symptoms: Weight fluctuations, distorted body image, malnutrition.
    • Causes: Psychological issues, societal pressures, genetics
    • Metabolic Disorders: Conditions affecting metabolism, such as metabolic syndrome and phenylketonuria (PKU).
    • Symptoms: Weight gain, insulin resistance, cognitive issues
    • Causes: Genetic mutations, unhealthy lifestyle

    Endocrine Disorders

    • Thyroid Disorders: Problems of the thyroid gland. Examples include hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid) and hyperthyroidism (overactive thyroid).
    • Symptoms: Fatigue, weight changes, hair loss, mood swings.
    • Causes: Autoimmune issues, iodine deficiency
    • Pancreatic Disorders: Problems of the pancreas. Examples include diabetes mellitus (type 1 and 2).
    • Symptoms: Increased thirst, frequent urination, fatigue.
    • Causes: Insulin resistance, autoimmune destruction.
    • Adrenal Disorders: Problems of the adrenal glands. Examples include Addison's disease and Cushing's syndrome.
    • Symptoms: Fatigue, weight changes, high blood pressure.
    • Causes: Adrenal gland malfunction, tumors, medication overuse
    • Pituitary Gland Disorders: Problems of the pituitary gland, like acromegaly (too much growth hormone) and hypopituitarism (too little production of hormones).
    • Symptoms: Growth abnormalities, hormonal imbalances
    • Causes: Tumors, head injuries, infections

    Nervous System Disorders

    • Central Nervous System (CNS) Disorders: Problems affecting the brain and spinal cord. Examples include stroke, epilepsy, and multiple sclerosis.
    • Symptoms: Seizures, paralysis, memory loss.
    • Causes: Blocked blood flow, genetic predisposition, infections.
    • Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Disorders: Problems affecting the nerves outside the brain and spinal cord. Examples include neuropathy and Guillain-Barré syndrome.
    • Symptoms: Weakness, numbness, tingling.
    • Causes: Diabetes, infections, toxins.
    • Degenerative Disorders: Conditions involving progressive deterioration of nerve cells or tissues. Examples include Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease.
    • Symptoms: Memory loss, tremors, speech difficulties.
    • Causes: Age-related cell death, genetic factors.
    • Mental Health Disorders: Conditions affecting mood, thinking, and behavior. Examples include anxiety disorders, depression, and schizophrenia.
    • Symptoms: Mood swings, hallucinations, social withdrawal.
    • Causes: Chemical imbalances, trauma, genetic predisposition

    Musculoskeletal Disorders

    • Bone Disorders: Problems affecting the bones, such as osteoporosis and fractures.
    • Symptoms: Bone pain, fractures, reduced mobility
    • Causes: Aging, calcium/vitamin D deficiency
    • Muscle Disorders: Problems of the muscles, examples include muscular dystrophy and myasthenia gravis.
    • Symptoms: Muscle weakness, difficulty breathing
    • Causes: Genetic mutations, autoimmune attacks
    • Joint Disorders: Problems affecting the joints. Examples include arthritis and gout.
    • Symptoms: Joint pain, stiffness, swelling
    • Causes: Inflammation, uric acid buildup
    • Connective Tissue Disorders: Conditions affecting connective tissues like Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and Marfan syndrome.
    • Symptoms: Hyper-flexibility, weak joints, cardiovascular problems
    • Causes: Genetic mutations, collagen defects
    • Inflammatory Bone Disorders: Conditions involving inflammation of bone tissue. Examples include osteomyelitis and Paget's disease.
    • Symptoms: Bone pain, swelling, deformities
    • Causes: Infections, abnormal bone remodeling

    Renal (Kidney) Disorders

    • Acute Kidney Injury (AKI): Sudden loss of kidney function.
    • Symptoms: Reduced urine output, swelling, fatigue.
    • Causes: Dehydration, infections, toxins
    • Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD): Progressive loss of kidney function over time.
    • Symptoms: Persistent fatigue, swollen ankles, high blood pressure.
    • Causes: Diabetes, hypertension, prolonged medication use
    • Kidney Stones: Hard deposits in the kidneys.
    • Symptoms: Severe back or side pain, bloody urine, nausea
    • Causes: Dehydration, high salt or calcium intake.
    • Polycystic Kidney Disease (PKD): Genetic disorder causing cysts in the kidneys.
    • Symptoms: Enlarged kidneys, high blood pressure, kidney failure.
    • Causes: Genetic mutations (autosomal dominant or recessive inheritance)
    • Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs): Bacterial infections of the urinary system.
    • Symptoms: Frequent urination, burning sensation, cloudy urine
    • Causes: Bacterial infections, hygiene issues, dehydration

    Prefixes and Suffixes

    • Note: Since the prefixes and suffixes are already provided, there is no need to create summary notes for them.*

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    Test your knowledge on various medical disorders including autoimmune, reproductive, and gastrointestinal conditions. This quiz covers symptoms, causes, and medical terminology related to these disorders. Challenge yourself and see how well you understand these important health concepts!

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