Medical Diagnostics and Treatment Criteria
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Which of the following are diagnostic criteria for Acute pancreatitis? (Select all that apply)

  • Kidney failure (correct)
  • Rebound tenderness (correct)
  • Clinical signs: abdominal pain, vomiting (correct)
  • Computed tomography signs of acute pancreatitis (correct)
  • 3-fold elevation of lipase (from upper normal limit) (correct)

    • Which of the following is NOT a diagnostic criteria for chronic autoimmune pancreatitis?

  • Microbiological culture (correct)
  • Histological findings
  • Other organ involvement
  • Positive effect from corticosteroid therapy
  • Serology

    • Which of the following diagnostic criteria methods could be used for a hemodynamically unstable polytrauma patient with suspected bleeding? (Select all that apply)

  • Diagnostic peritoneal lavage (correct)
  • MRI angiography (correct)
  • Contrast enhanced computed tomography (correct)
  • FAST ultrasonography (correct)

    • Which of the following are indications for interventional or surgical treatment in case of acute pancreatitis? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Gastric outlet obstruction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is included in Charcot's Triad?

    <p>Vomiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the most sensitive imaging tool for detection of stones in the common bile duct?

    <p>MRCP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following tumor markers is specific for pancreas adenocarcinoma?

    <p>CA19-9</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are indications for surgical treatment of patients with chronic pancreatitis? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Unresolved pseudocyst (size 9 cm)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the gold standard treatment for Acute Cholecystitis?

    <p>Laparoscopic cholecystectomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is most commonly caused by which of the following?

    <p>Gastrinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic finding in mild acute pancreatitis?

    <p>Acute necrotic collection (confirmed by computed tomography)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are signs of mechanical jaundice? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Increased bilirubin levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are interventional or surgical treatment methods for acute necrotizing pancreatitis? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Retroperitoneal drainage/necrosectomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following surgical procedures is considered a radical surgery in the management of pancreatic head ductal adenocarcinoma?

    <p>Pancreatoduodenectomy (Whipple procedure)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the most informative or first-choice imaging method for Acute cholecystitis?

    <p>CT with I/V contrast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT included in the lethal trauma triad?

    <p>Hyperthermia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is most commonly associated with bile duct injuries?

    <p>Bile duct anatomy misinterpretation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal size of the gallbladder wall?

    <p>0.3 - 0.5 cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the most accurate imaging tool to define the diagnosis of pancreas head cancer?

    <p>CT with I/V contrast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are diagnostic criteria for Acute Cholecystitis according to the Tokyo Guidelines 2018? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Fever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After endoscopic hemostasis for a patient with a bleeding ulcer, how long should a continuous infusion of a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) be given?

    <p>72 hours</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which signs are considered certain signs of shock?

    <p>Tachycardia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about lymph is true?

    <p>Lymph is the product of interstitial fluid, originating from ultrafiltration of plasma in the cisterna chyli.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a radical operation for a liver flexure adenocarcinoma?

    <p>Hemicolectomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are indications for surgery in chronic pancreatitis? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Endocrine insufficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a palliative care option in patients with distal gastric cancer and gastric outlet obstruction? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Endoscopic stenting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Upper gastrointestinal bleeding refers to bleeding that originates in which of the following locations?

    <p>Proximal to the ligament of Treitz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are congenital abnormalities or anatomic variants of the pancreas that can most likely lead to the development of one of the following conditions? (Choose one)

    <p>Chronic pancreatitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Infusion of erythromycin before endoscopy in certain cases significantly improves endoscopic visualization, reduces the need for a second-look endoscopy.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a general strategy for the reduction of adhesions?

    <p>Minimization of operating time</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the leading symptom of distal gastric cancer localization?

    <p>Difficulty swallowing food</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT an indication for surgery in the case of upper gastrointestinal bleeding?

    <p>Endoscopic finding - Forrest 1B</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are recommended surgical approaches in the management of obstructing sigmoid colon cancer? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Sigmoid resection with primary anastomosis and preventive ileostomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are considered neuroendocrine tumors of the pancreas? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Vipoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT included in a CT scan for polytrauma?

    <p>Head/facial bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diagnostic method is most suitable for the detection of gastric cancer in the peritoneum?

    <p>Laparoscopy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the case of early gastric cancer, where is the invasion verified?

    <p>In the mucosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    It is possible for lymphedema to occur from bacterial infections that originate from the skin flora.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the most common cause of upper gastrointestinal tract bleeding?

    <p>Peptic ulcer disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are two correct statements about the lymphatic drainage system?

    <ol start="3"> <li>The right lymphatic drains into the bloodstream at the junction of the right internal jugular and the right subclavian vein. 4. The thoracic duct drains into the bloodstream at the junction of the left internal jugular vein and the left subclavian vein.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are clinical signs of gastric cancer in the admitted patient?

    <p>Weight loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are management options for a patient with a mucinous cystadenoma? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Resection of lesion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a pathohistological form of gastric cancer?

    <p>Basal cell carcinoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are indications for invasive treatment of patients with chronic pancreatitis? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Unresolved pseudocyst (size 9 cm)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are confirmed findings in individuals with primary hypothyroidism?

    <p>Low free T4 and high TSH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Prolapse of an internal hemorrhoid node with spontaneous reposition corresponds to which degree of hemorrhoid?

    <p>1st degree</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are treatment options for a patient with a stomach ulcer perforation? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Laparoscopic suturation of the perforated ulcer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is considered a richer type of incarceration?

    <p>Incarceration of stomach in diaphragmatic hernia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common complication associated with gastric and duodenal ulcers?

    <p>Bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is a marking clip placed into the breast tumor prior to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC)?

    <p>For the surgeon to visualize the tumor zone in case of complete clinical remission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Diagnostic Criteria for Acute Pancreatitis

    • Computed tomography (CT) scan findings indicative of acute pancreatitis
    • Three times the upper limit of normal for lipase levels
    • Kidney failure
    • Rebound tenderness
    • Abdominal pain, vomiting

    Diagnostic Criteria for Chronic Autoimmune Pancreatitis

    • Negative effect from corticosteroid therapy
    • Absence of histological findings
    • No involvement of other organs
    • Negative microbiological culture
    • Negative serological findings

    Diagnostic Criteria for Hemodynamically Unstable Polytrauma Patients with Suspected Bleeding

    • MRI angiography
    • Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CT)
    • Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma (FAST) ultrasonography
    • Diagnostic peritoneal lavage

    Indications for Interventional or Surgical Treatment in Acute Pancreatitis

    • Gastric outlet obstruction
    • Asymptomatic peripancreatic fluid collections
    • Infected walled-off necrosis
    • Severe pain syndrome

    Charcot Triad

    • Fever
    • Vomiting
    • Jaundice

    Imaging for Common Bile Duct Stones

    • Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP)
    • Abdominal ultrasound
    • Abdominal X-ray

    Tumor Markers for Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma

    • CA19-9

    Indications for Surgical Treatment in Chronic Pancreatitis

    • Unresolved pseudocyst (9 cm)
    • Ductal hypertension with pain
    • Exocrine insufficiency
    • Infected pseudocyst (4.5 cm)

    Acute Cholecystitis Treatment

    • Laparoscopic cholecystectomy

    Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome

    • Gastrinoma

    Mild Acute Pancreatitis

    • Absence of organ failure
    • Organ failure lasting less than 48 hours
    • Confirmed acute necrotic collection by CT

    Mechanical Jaundice Signs

    • Increased C-reactive protein (CRP)
    • Increased liver enzymes
    • Common bile duct dilation
    • Intrahepatic cholestasis
    • Increased bilirubin

    Acute Necrotizing Pancreatitis Treatment

    • Percutaneous US-guided fluid drainage
    • Pancreatoduodenectomy
    • Retroperitoneal drainage
    • Endoscopic transgastric drainage
    • Distal pancreatectomy

    Radical Pancreatic Head Ductal Adenocarcinoma Surgery

    • Central pancreatic resection
    • Distal pancreatectomy
    • Pancreatoduodenectomy (Whipple procedure)
    • Duodenum-preserving resection

    Lethal Trauma Triad

    • Hyperthermia
    • Tachycardia
    • Hypothermia
    • Coagulopathy
    • Acidosis

    Bile Duct Injuries

    • Misinterpretation of bile duct anatomy
    • Lack of surgeon experience
    • Increased CRP levels
    • Obesity

    Normal Gallbladder Wall Size

    • 0.3 - 0.5 cm

    Pancreatic Head Cancer Imaging

    • CT scan with intravenous contrast

    Acute Cholangitis Diagnostic Criteria

    • Increased CRP levels
    • Right upper quadrant abdominal pain
    • Dilated gallbladder
    • Thickened gallbladder wall
    • Vomiting
    • Fever

    Shock Signs

    • Warm extremities
    • Good pulse volume
    • Hypertension
    • Tachycardia

    Lymph Characteristics

    • Interstitial fluid ultrafiltration from the plasma, primarily in the capillaries or in the lymph nodes

    Radical Liver Flexure Adenocarcinoma Operation

    • Hemicolectomy
    • Hartmann procedure
    • Anterior resection
    • Liver flexure resection

    Chronic Pancreatitis Surgery Indications

    • Endocrine insufficiency
    • Ductal hypertension
    • Exocrine insufficiency
    • Mechanical jaundice

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    Surgery Exam PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the diagnostic criteria for acute and chronic pancreatitis, as well as the management of hemodynamically unstable polytrauma patients. This quiz covers essential aspects of surgical treatments and defining symptoms like Charcot's triad. Perfect for medical students and professionals alike!

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