Chapter 9-6

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Questions and Answers

A patient's family medical history reveals several instances of a particular disease, but genetic testing shows no identifiable gene abnormalities linked to that disease. Which of the following best describes this scenario?

Autosomal recessive inheritance
Sex-linked inheritance
Familial cluster (correct)
Autosomal dominant inheritance

Why do individuals with an allergic predisposition experience a more pronounced immune response upon subsequent exposure to an allergen?

The initial allergen exposure depletes the body's natural defenses, making it more vulnerable.
The initial exposure leads to the production of allergen-specific IgE antibodies that trigger histamine release upon re-exposure. (correct)
The initial exposure causes a mutation in immune cells.
The initial allergen exposure directly damages the respiratory system.

How does the likelihood of developing breast cancer change for a woman who has a first-degree relative diagnosed with the disease, and what additional factor is most relevant in assessing this risk?

The likelihood doubles, with the age at diagnosis of the relative being the most important factor. (correct)
The likelihood remains the same, with the lifestyle of the relative being the most important factor.
The likelihood decreases by half, with the type of breast cancer being the most important factor.
The likelihood triples, with the genetic mutations present in the relative being the most import factor.

A patient presents with symptoms including excessive thirst and frequent urination, and lab results reveal elevated glucose levels in both blood and urine. Which endocrine disorder is most likely indicated by these findings, and what is the underlying cause?

Type 2 diabetes, due to partial or total insulin secretion deficiency. (A) Signup and view all the answers

In Hemochromatosis, excess iron accumulation in the body can lead to a variety of complications. Which of the following conditions is NOT typically associated with iron overload in hemochromatosis?

Hyperthyroidism (D) Signup and view all the answers

If a patient experiences syncope during exercise, accompanied by chest pain and a family history of sudden death, which cardiovascular condition should be of greatest concern?

Long QT syndrome (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the underlying defect in lactose intolerance, and how does it lead to gastrointestinal symptoms after dairy consumption?

An inability to digest lactose due to a deficiency in the lactase enzymes (C) Signup and view all the answers

In the context of peptic ulcer disease, what role does Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) play, and what is the typical treatment approach if it is involved?

H. pylori infection is a major contributing factor, and treatment involves antibiotics along with medications to decrease stomach acidity. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy is characterized by progressive muscle weakness and degeneration. Which inheritance pattern does Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy typically follow and whom does it primarily affect?

Sex-linked recessive, primarily affecting males. (B) Signup and view all the answers

A patient exhibiting early memory loss, personality changes, and disorientation is suspected of having Alzheimer's disease. Which of the following pathological processes is most characteristic of this condition in the brain?

Cortical atrophy and loss of neurons, particularly in the frontal and temporal lobes (B) Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Familial Tendency

Clusters of disease in families without identified heritable gene abnormalities.

Autosomal Recessive Inheritance

Requires two copies of a specific gene (one from each parent) for the trait to be expressed.