Medical Conditions Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the term for excessive flow of mucus from the bronchi?

  • Bronchitis
  • Bronchogram
  • Bronchoscopy
  • Bronchorrhea (correct)

Which option describes a procedure to visualize the bronchial structure?

  • Bronchoconstriction
  • Bronchial lavage
  • Bronchography (correct)
  • Bronchodilation

What is the purpose of a bronchoscope?

  • To deliver medication directly to the lungs
  • To perform a biopsy
  • To measure lung capacity
  • To visually examine the bronchi (correct)

Which procedure would not be used to assess the bronchi?

<p>Lung auscultation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which option relates to the imaging of the bronchial tree?

<p>Bronchography (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main cause of ischemic episodes?

<p>Vasoconstriction and other factors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a cause of ischemic episodes?

<p>Vasodilation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What substances can cause embolism leading to ischemia?

<p>Fat, air, or bacterial clumps (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about ischemic episodes?

<p>They always present with symptoms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition can result from injury to a blood vessel?

<p>Ischemia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primarily defines anemia in a medical context?

<p>A reduction in erythrocytes or hemoglobin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions is NOT related to anemia?

<p>High blood pressure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What could be a potential consequence of untreated anemia?

<p>Cognitive impairments (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is a common symptom associated with anemia?

<p>Fatigue and weakness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes erythrocytes?

<p>Cells that transport oxygen in the blood (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one possible cause of leukocytosis related to the immune system?

<p>An overly strong immune reaction (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens in the bone marrow that could lead to leukocytosis?

<p>Overproduction of white blood cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor can contribute to leukocytosis aside from immune reactions and bone marrow issues?

<p>Some medications (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If leukocytosis is present, what might indicate an immune system disorder?

<p>Abnormal increase in white blood cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a cause of leukocytosis?

<p>Effective immune response to infections (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a direct consequence of the ventricle's inability to efficiently eject blood?

<p>Elevation of intracardial pressure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is most likely to occur as a result of chamber dilatation?

<p>Volume overload (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What primary problem does the failure of the ventricle to eject blood effectively create?

<p>Volume overload (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which situation could result from elevated intracardial pressure?

<p>Diminished heart muscle efficiency (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the physiological outcome of volume overload in the ventricles?

<p>Dilation of the heart chambers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Bronchorrhea

Excessive flow of mucus from the bronchi.

Bronchography

A procedure to visualize the bronchial structure.

Bronchoscope

A scope used to visually examine the bronchi.

Bronchography

Imaging of the bronchial tree.

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Main cause of ischemic episodes

Constriction of blood vessels reduces blood flow.

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Embolism leading to ischemia

Fat, air, or bacterial clumps can block blood flow.

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Ischemic episodes misconception

Often asymptomatic, not always obvious.

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Anemia

Reduction in erythrocytes (red blood cells) or hemoglobin.

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Common symptom of anemia

Causes fatigue and weakness due to reduced oxygen delivery.

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Erythrocytes

Cells that transport oxygen in the blood.

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Leukocytosis

Overproduction of white blood cells in response to stimuli.

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Leukocytosis cause in bone marrow

Overproduction of white blood cells by the bone marrow.

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Leukocytosis related to immune system

An overly strong response can increased white blood cells.

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Ventricle's inability to efficiently eject blood consequence

Elevation of intracardial pressure.

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Likely result of chamber dilatation

Dilation of the heart chambers.

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Primary problem: failure of the ventricle to eject blood effectively

Volume overload in the ventricles.

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Result from elevated intracardial pressure

Diminished heart muscle efficiency reduces cardiac output.

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Physiological outcome of volume overload

Dilation of the heart chambers.

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Study Notes

Bronchial Discharge

  • Discharge/excessive flow of mucus from bronchi is known as bronchorrhea
  • Bronchoscopy is an X-ray of the bronchus
  • Bronchography is the technique of making an X-ray of the bronchi
  • A bronchoscope is an instrument used to visually examine the bronchi

Ischemic Episodes

  • Ischemic episodes can be caused by vasoconstriction (narrowing of blood vessels), thrombosis (clots), embolism (fat, air or bacterial clumps) or injury to a vessel
  • Many people experience ischemic episodes without realizing it

Leukocytosis

  • Leukocytosis may occur when the immune system overreacts
  • Leukocytosis can also be caused by bone marrow problems where an excess of white blood cells are produced
  • Some medications can also cause leukocytosis

Heart Failure

  • Heart failure is a failure of the ventricle to efficiently eject blood
  • This results in an overload of blood volume, chamber dilatation, and elevated intracardial pressure

Anemia

  • Anemia is a medical condition where the number of erythrocytes or the amount of hemoglobin in the circulating blood is reduced

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