Questions and Answers
Hypovolemic shock occurs when:
In older patients, the first indicator of nontraumatic internal bleeding may be:
You should be MOST suspicious that a patient experiencing weakness, dizziness, and melena with a blood pressure of 90/50 mm Hg is experiencing:
Which of the following statements regarding hemophilia is correct?
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Which of the following findings would be the MOST significant when assessing a patient with possible internal bleeding?
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It is important to remember that whether using a commercial device or a stick and triangular bandage as a tourniquet:
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Significant vital sign changes will occur if the typical adult acutely loses more than ______ of their total blood volume.
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What mechanism(s) does the body use to control bleeding?
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Following blunt trauma to the abdomen, you should be MOST suspicious of injury to the:
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Circulation of blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet the cells' oxygen, nutritional, and waste-removal needs is termed _______.
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What is the main artery that receives blood from the left ventricle?
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What are the smallest branches of arteries leading to the vast network of capillaries called?
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What are small blood vessels that connect arterioles and venules called?
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What is the term for the formation of a clot to stop bleeding?
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What is a bruise from an injury that causes bleeding beneath the skin without breaking the skin called?
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What do we call a buildup of blood beneath the skin that produces a characteristic blue or black discoloration as a result of an injury?
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What is a nosebleed called?
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What is a mass of blood that has collected within damaged tissue beneath the skin or in a body cavity called?
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What is blood in the urine called?
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What is a hereditary condition in which the patient lacks one or more blood's normal clotting factors?
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What is the term for the coughing up of blood?
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What term describes bleeding?
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What is a chemical compound that slows or stops bleeding by assisting with clot formation called?
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What is a condition in which the circulatory system fails to provide sufficient circulation to maintain normal cellular functions called?
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What condition is characterized by low blood volume, resulting in inadequate perfusion?
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What is a life-threatening fracture of the pelvis caused by lateral and posterior displacement called?
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What is a device used to splint the bony pelvis to reduce hemorrhage called?
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What term describes the circulation of blood within an organ or tissue in adequate amounts to meet the cells' current needs?
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What condition is defined as the circulatory system failing to maintain normal cellular functions, also known as hypoperfusion?
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What is the bleeding control method used when a wound continues to bleed despite direct pressure called?
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What are very small, thin-walled blood vessels called?
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Study Notes
Shock and Bleeding
- Hypovolemic Shock: Occurs when the body cannot compensate for rapid blood loss, particularly after losing at least 10% of blood volume.
- Indicators in Older Patients: Weakness or dizziness may be the first sign of nontraumatic internal bleeding.
Patient Assessment
- Suspicion of Gastrointestinal Bleeding: In a patient presenting with weakness, dizziness, and low blood pressure combined with thready pulse.
- Significant Findings in Internal Bleeding: History of anticoagulant use (e.g., rivaroxaban) is critical for assessment.
Tourniquet Application
- Tourniquet Management: Should only be removed at the hospital since releasing it may cause bleeding to return.
Vital Signs and Blood Volume Loss
- Vital Changes: Significant changes are seen when more than 20% of total blood volume is lost.
- Mechanisms to Control Bleeding: The body uses clotting, coagulation, and vasoconstriction.
Abdominal Trauma
- Suspicion of Splenic Injury: Diffuse abdominal pain and referred pain to the shoulder indicate possible splenic injury post-blunt trauma.
Blood Circulation Terminology
- Perfusion: Refers to adequate blood circulation within tissues to meet oxygen and nutrient needs.
- Hypoperfusion: A condition where the circulatory system fails to provide sufficient circulation, leading to shock.
Blood Components and Injuries
- Aorta: The main artery transporting blood from the left ventricle to the body.
- Arterioles: Small branches of arteries leading into capillaries.
- Capillaries: Microscopic vessels facilitating substance exchange between blood and tissues.
Blood Disorders and Conditions
- Hemophilia: A hereditary condition resulting in a deficiency of clotting factors, leading to spontaneous bleeding.
- Contusions and Hematomas: Refers to bruising and internal bleeding under the skin.
Other Medical Terms
- Hematuria: Presence of blood in urine.
- Hemoptysis: Coughing up blood.
- Epistaxis: Nosebleed.
- Shock Definition: A life-threatening condition resulting from inadequate blood circulation due to low blood volume.
Emergencies and Treatments
- Pelvic Binder: A device used to stabilize the pelvis in cases of serious fractures to reduce hemorrhage and pain.
- Tourniquet: A critical method for controlling severe bleeding, especially in limb injuries.
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Description
Test your knowledge with these flashcards from Chapter 25, focusing on hypovolemic shock and nontraumatic internal bleeding in older patients. Each card presents essential questions and answers to enhance your understanding of critical medical concepts.
