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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is a cause of hypovolaemic shock?
Which of the following is a cause of hypovolaemic shock?
- Bleeding from the gastrointestinal tract (correct)
- Constrictive pericarditis
- Excessive fluid accumulation in pericardial sac
- Massive pulmonary embolism
What are the symptoms of shock?
What are the symptoms of shock?
- Confusion and coma
- Dark-yellow colored urine and hypothermia
- Tachycardia and oliguria
- Weakness and hypotension (correct)
Which type of shock is characterized by relative hypovolemia due to vasodilation?
Which type of shock is characterized by relative hypovolemia due to vasodilation?
- Cardiogenic shock
- Neurogenic shock
- Distributive shock (correct)
- Anaphylactic shock
What is a cause of cardiogenic shock?
What is a cause of cardiogenic shock?
Which condition can lead to acute spinal cord injury shock?
Which condition can lead to acute spinal cord injury shock?
What is a potential cause of septic shock?
What is a potential cause of septic shock?
Which condition can lead to anaphylactic shock?
Which condition can lead to anaphylactic shock?
What is a cause of distributive shock?
What is a cause of distributive shock?
Which type of shock is characterized by decreased pumping function of the heart?
Which type of shock is characterized by decreased pumping function of the heart?
What can lead to organ dysfunction in septic shock?
What can lead to organ dysfunction in septic shock?
Which condition can lead to neurogenic shock?
Which condition can lead to neurogenic shock?
What is a potential cause of barbiturate poisoning?
What is a potential cause of barbiturate poisoning?
What is the drug of choice for anaphylactic shock and the 2nd choice for septic shock?
What is the drug of choice for anaphylactic shock and the 2nd choice for septic shock?
What is the dose range for infusion of dopamine for the treatment of shock?
What is the dose range for infusion of dopamine for the treatment of shock?
Which medication stimulates beta 1 receptors in the heart, increasing heart rate and cardiac output?
Which medication stimulates beta 1 receptors in the heart, increasing heart rate and cardiac output?
What is the primary pharmacological treatment for hypovolemic shock in emergency situations?
What is the primary pharmacological treatment for hypovolemic shock in emergency situations?
Which medication is associated with virus transmission, hypocalcaemia, and increased blood viscosity?
Which medication is associated with virus transmission, hypocalcaemia, and increased blood viscosity?
What is the drug of choice in septic shock, stimulating alpha1 receptors and resulting in vasoconstriction?
What is the drug of choice in septic shock, stimulating alpha1 receptors and resulting in vasoconstriction?
What is the primary route for giving epinephrine in emergency situations for the most rapid onset of action?
What is the primary route for giving epinephrine in emergency situations for the most rapid onset of action?
Which medication is used for treatment of cardiogenic shock and heart failure, stimulating beta 2 receptors and increasing cardiac output?
Which medication is used for treatment of cardiogenic shock and heart failure, stimulating beta 2 receptors and increasing cardiac output?
What is the duration of action for epinephrine due to rapid degradation?
What is the duration of action for epinephrine due to rapid degradation?
What is the dose range for infusion of norepinephrine when initiated for patients with shock?
What is the dose range for infusion of norepinephrine when initiated for patients with shock?
What is the primary pharmacological treatment for hypovolemic shock when volume resuscitation fails to maintain adequate blood pressure and organ perfusion?
What is the primary pharmacological treatment for hypovolemic shock when volume resuscitation fails to maintain adequate blood pressure and organ perfusion?
Which medication has minor activity on beta 1 receptors, increasing cardiac output to a certain extent, and weak beta 2 effects?
Which medication has minor activity on beta 1 receptors, increasing cardiac output to a certain extent, and weak beta 2 effects?
Study Notes
Causes and Types of Shock
- Hypovolemic shock can be caused by significant blood loss, dehydration, or fluid shifts.
- Relative hypovolemia due to vasodilation characterizes distributive shock.
- Cardiogenic shock results from heart failure or impaired pumping function.
- Septic shock may arise from infections leading to systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS).
- Anaphylactic shock can be triggered by severe allergic reactions.
- Neurogenic shock can follow acute spinal cord injuries.
Symptoms of Shock
- Common symptoms of shock include rapid heartbeat, low blood pressure, confusion, and cool, clammy skin.
Pharmacological Treatments
- Epinephrine is the drug of choice for anaphylactic shock; it has rapid action when administered intramuscularly.
- Norepinephrine is the drug of choice for septic shock, promoting vasoconstriction via alpha-1 receptors.
- Dopamine infusion for shock treatment typically ranges from 2 to 20 mcg/kg/min.
- The primary treatment for hypovolemic shock involves fluid resuscitation and, if ineffective, vasopressors may be used.
- Medications stimulating beta-1 receptors, such as dobutamine, increase heart rate and cardiac output.
- Epinephrine has a short duration of action due to rapid degradation, necessitating frequent dosing.
- Treatment for cardiogenic shock and heart failure includes medications that stimulate beta-2 receptors, enhancing cardiac output.
Potential Side Effects and Risks
- Barbiturate poisoning may cause respiratory depression and hypotension, potentially leading to shock.
- Some medications are associated with complications, such as virus transmission, hypocalcemia, and increased blood viscosity, particularly in blood products or certain treatments.
Monitoring and Additional Considerations
- Close evaluation of organ dysfunction in septic shock is critical, often requiring intensive management and support.
- Norepinephrine infusion dosage typically starts at 0.01 to 3 mcg/kg/min for shock management, increasing as needed.
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Test your knowledge of critical care medicine with this quiz on hypovolemic shock. Explore the causes, symptoms, and management of this life-threatening condition.
