Medical Biology: Cell Structure and Function

Who first used the term 'cell' to describe the basic units of life?

What does cell theory state about all living organisms?

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of prokaryotic cells?

What is the primary mode of division for prokaryotic cells?

Which type of organism is characterized by the absence of a membrane-bound nucleus?

Which of the following organisms is classified as prokaryotic?

What distinguishes unicellular organisms from multicellular organisms?

Which characteristic is NOT shared by all living organisms?

What distinguishes eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells?

How do human cells primarily divide?

What role do tissues play in the human body?

Which type of cell is NOT typically found in the human body?

What is the estimated number of different cell types present in an adult human?

Which of the following best describes eukaryotic cells?

What is the smallest structural and functional unit of an organism?

Medical Biology/Cytology

Biology is the study of living things and their environments
A cell is the basic unit of all living things
Cell theory: All organisms are made of one or more cells; all life functions occur within cells; all cells come from pre-existing cells
Cells are classified by the presence or absence of a nucleus
Prokaryotic cells: Lack a true nucleus, small size (1-5 µm), have a cell wall, lack a nuclear envelope, no organelles except ribosomes, divide by binary fission. Examples include bacteria and archaea
Eukaryotic cells: Contain a nucleus and organelles, larger than prokaryotic cells (10-100 µm), have a distinct nucleus, histones associated with genetic material, numerous membrane-bound organelles, divide by mitosis and meiosis. Examples include protozoa, fungi, plants, and animals
Humans are eukaryotic, multicellular organisms with cell, tissue, organ, and organ system organization levels
Human cells are diverse, with ~200 different types (e.g., muscle cells, bone cells, blood cells)
Cells are microscopic, visible with electron microscopes; each cell plays a distinctive role in the body
Cells are composed of plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, and cytoskeleton.
Cytoplasm (cytosol, organelles, and inclusions) contains the four fundamental molecules (proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and nucleic acids) vital for life

This quiz covers key concepts of medical biology, focusing on cytology—the study of cells. It explores the characteristics of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, including their structures, functions, and classification. Test your understanding of cell theory and the organization of human cells.