Medical Assisting Chapter 49 Flashcards
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Questions and Answers

What is the process of recording the electrical activity of the heart?

  • Cardiac Cycle
  • Myocardial Infarction
  • Pulmonary Function Test
  • Electrocardiography (correct)

What does PFT stand for?

Pulmonary Function Test

Myocardial infarction is also known as _______ ________.

heart attack

What is Polarity?

<p>The condition of having two separate poles, one positive and one negative.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What initiates a chain reaction causing heart contraction?

<p>Depolarization</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are electrodes?

<p>Electrical impulse sensors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Repolarization refer to?

<p>When the heart is back at rest.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the cardiac cycle?

<p>Sequence of contraction and relaxation of the heart.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an Electrocardiogram?

<p>Record of the electrical activity of the heart in waves and lines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Peaks and valleys on an ECG are called waves or ______.

<p>deflections</p> Signup and view all the answers

The impulses received through various combinations of electrodes constitute different _____ on the ECG.

<p>leads</p> Signup and view all the answers

A ______ ______ electrocardiograph records one lead tracing at a time.

<p>single channel</p> Signup and view all the answers

A ______ ______ electrocardiograph records a full sheet of 12 leads.

<p>multi channel</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the abbreviation for Electronic Health Record?

<p>EHR</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an Electrolyte?

<p>A substance that enhances transmission of electric current.</p> Signup and view all the answers

___ electrodes are placed on specific locations on the chest.

<p>6</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which limb sensor is the reference or ground electrode?

<p>Right Leg</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the Limb Leads?

<p>Leads of arms and legs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

One standard lead monitors 2 other limb electrodes. These are also known as _______ _____.

<p>bipolar leads</p> Signup and view all the answers

Augmented Leads monitor one limb electrode and a point midway between two or more limbs. These leads are also known as _________ ______.

<p>unipolar leads</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'augment' mean?

<p>To amplify.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does aVF stand for?

<p>Augmented Vector-foot</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does aVR stand for?

<p>Augmented Vector-right</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does aVL stand for?

<p>Augmented Vector-left</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are Precordial Leads?

<p>The 6 standard chest leads in EKG.</p> Signup and view all the answers

For adults, at what speed does the paper move through the EKG machine?

<p>25 mm per second</p> Signup and view all the answers

Each 1mm (small) box on the ECG strip represents how much time?

<p>0.04 seconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

How much time does each 5mm (large) square on EKG paper represent?

<p>0.2 seconds</p> Signup and view all the answers

In one minute, how many squares does the EKG paper advance?

<p>300</p> Signup and view all the answers

Each small square on the EKG paper represents how many Millivolts?

<p>0.1 mV</p> Signup and view all the answers

For infants with a rapid heart rate, what is the recommended speed for the EKG paper?

<p>50 mm per second</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are Artifacts?

<p>Erroneous marks or defects on the ECG tracking.</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a patient has an amputated ____, both electrodes must be placed on the thighs or abdomen, parallel to each other.

<p>leg</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a patient has an amputated ___, both electrodes must be placed at shoulder level.

<p>arm</p> Signup and view all the answers

Connect the wires to the electrodes using ____ or snaps on the end of the wires.

<p>clips</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a Wandering Baseline?

<p>A shift in the baseline from the center position for that lead.</p> Signup and view all the answers

A ____ ____ on one lead is typically caused by loose or disconnected wire.

<p>flat line</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Alternating Current Interference?

<p>When the electrocardiograph picks up a small amount of electrical current given off by another piece of electrical equipment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Somatic Interference?

<p>Muscle movement or tensing can affect an ECG reading.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The ____ _____ can easily be determined by counting the number of beats per minute.

<p>heart rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Electrocardiography

Process of recording the heart's electrical activity.

Electrocardiogram (ECG)

A graphical representation of the heart's electrical activity.

Pulmonary Function Test (PFT)

Evaluates lung capacity and volume of patients.

Myocardial Infarction (MI)

A heart attack, caused by a blockage of blood flow to the heart muscle.

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Polarity

Having two distinct poles: positive and negative.

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Depolarization

Electrical impulse triggering heart contraction.

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Repolarization

Phase when the heart returns to a resting state after contraction.

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Electrodes

Sensors that detect electrical impulses of the heart.

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Cardiac Cycle

Sequence of heart contraction and relaxation.

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Deflections

Peaks and valleys on an ECG representing electrical activity.

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Leads

Different views of heart's electrical activity recorded from various electrode combinations.

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Single Channel

Records one lead at a time on ECG.

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Multi Channel

Records all 12 leads simultaneously on a full sheet.

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Electronic Health Record (EHR)

Digital version of a patient's paper chart.

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Electrolytes

Substances that promote the conduction of electrical current.

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Electrode Placement

Six electrodes positioned on the chest for ECG recording.

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Reference or Ground Electrode

The electrode on the right leg that acts as a reference point.

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Limb Leads

Electrodes placed on arms and legs to measure heart activity.

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Bipolar Leads

Leads that connect two limb electrodes, providing standard ECG views.

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Unipolar Leads

Leads that monitor one limb and a midpoint between other limbs, providing additional ECG views.

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aVL

A type of unipolar limb lead that measures heart activity towards the left leg.

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aVR

A type of unipolar limb lead that measures heart activity towards the right arm.

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aVF

A type of unipolar limb lead that measures heart activity towards the foot.

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Precordial Leads

Six standard chest leads used in EKG monitoring.

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ECG Paper Speed

Standard speed for adults is 25 mm/sec, adjusted to 50 mm/sec for infants.

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Time Representation on ECG

Each small box (1mm) on an ECG represents 0.04 seconds.

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ECG Paper Movement

ECG paper advances 300 squares per minute.

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Voltage Representation

Each small square on the ECG reflects 0.1 millivolt.

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Artifacts

Erroneous marks on ECG caused by interference.

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Amputation Adjustments

Electrodes placed on thighs for leg amputations, and at shoulder level for arm amputations.

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Connection Techniques

Wires connect to electrodes using clips or snaps.

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Wandering Baseline

Baseline shifts on ECG due to factors like lotions or creams.

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Flat Line

Occurs when there is no electrical signal detected on the ECG.

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Alternating Current Interference

Interference on the ECG caused by nearby electrical equipment.

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Somatic Interference

Interference on the ECG caused by muscle movements or tremors.

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Determining Heart Rate

Heart rate can be assessed by counting the number of beats detected in a certain timeframe.

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Study Notes

Electrocardiography

  • Process for recording the heart's electrical activity.
  • Produces an electrocardiogram (ECG), depicted as waves and lines.

Pulmonary Function Test (PFT)

  • Evaluates lung capacity and volume of patients.

Myocardial Infarction (MI)

  • Commonly known as a heart attack.

Polarity

  • Refers to the condition with two distinct poles: positive and negative.

Depolarization & Repolarization

  • Depolarization: Electrical impulse triggering heart contraction.
  • Repolarization: Phase when the heart returns to a resting state.

Electrodes

  • Sensors that detect electrical impulses of the heart.

Cardiac Cycle

  • Sequence of heart contraction and relaxation.

Deflections

  • Peaks and valleys on an ECG are referred to as waves or deflections.

Leads

  • Different views of heart's electrical activity recorded from various electrode combinations.

Single Channel vs. Multi Channel

  • Single Channel: Records one lead at a time.
  • Multi Channel: Records 12 leads simultaneously on a full sheet.

Electronic Health Record (EHR)

  • Digital version of a patient’s paper chart.

Electrolytes

  • Substances that promote the conduction of electrical current.

Electrode Placement

  • Six electrodes positioned on specific chest areas for ECG.

Reference or Ground Electrode

  • The right leg sensor serves this role.

Limb Leads

  • Electrodes placed on arms and legs to monitor heart activity.

Bipolar vs. Unipolar Leads

  • Bipolar leads connect two limb electrodes, known as standard leads.
  • Unipolar leads monitor one limb and a midpoint between others, referred to as augmented leads.

Augmented Vector Designations

  • aVF: Augmented Vector-foot.
  • aVR: Augmented Vector-right.
  • aVL: Augmented Vector-left.

Precordial Leads

  • The 6 standard chest leads used in EKG monitoring.

ECG Paper Speed

  • Standard speed for adults is 25 mm/second, adjusted to 50 mm/second for infants with rapid heart rates.

Time Representation on ECG

  • Each small box (1mm) on an ECG represents 0.04 seconds.
  • Each large box (5mm) represents 0.2 seconds.

ECG Paper Movement

  • Advances 300 squares per minute.

Voltage Representation

  • Each small square on the ECG reflects 0.1 mV.

Artifacts

  • Erroneous marks on ECG due to various interferences.

Amputation Adjustments

  • If a patient has a leg amputation, electrodes are placed on the thighs; for an arm amputation, electrodes are at shoulder level.

Connection Techniques

  • Wires connect to electrodes using clips or snaps.

Wandering Baseline

  • Occurs when the baseline shifts; can be avoided by avoiding lotions and creams.

Common ECG Issues

  • Flat Line: Indicates loose or disconnected wires.
  • Alternating Current Interference: Caused by nearby electrical equipment.
  • Somatic Interference: Results from muscle movements or tremors.

Determining Heart Rate

  • Heart rate can be assessed by counting the number of beats detected in a certain timeframe.

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Test your knowledge with these flashcards covering Chapter 49 of Medical Assisting. Key terms like electrocardiography and myocardial infarction are included to enhance your understanding of crucial medical concepts. Perfect for students preparing for exams or seeking to refresh their medical terminology.

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