57 Questions
Which symptom is characteristic of superior vena cava syndrome?
Facial edema
What is a common complication associated with chest cancers?
Pleural effusion
How do patients with superior vena cava syndrome typically present?
Swelling of the face and arms
Which symptom may indicate pleural effusion in a patient with chest cancer?
Shortness of breath
What is a characteristic symptom of superior vena cava syndrome?
Headache
In a patient with chest cancer, which symptom may suggest the presence of pleural effusion?
Chest pain
What are potential complications that a cancer patient may experience, as mentioned in the text?
Infection, bleeding, kidney dysfunction
Which of the following is a concerning symptom in cancer patients, as indicated in the text?
Fever, uncontrolled pain, shortness of breath
What are some adverse effects of cyclophosphamide mentioned in the text?
Myelosuppression, hemorrhagic cystitis, nausea
What are dangerous potential complications for patients with HIV mentioned in the text?
Opportunistic infections, AIDS-related cancers, medication side effects
What is the most common method of HIV transmission highlighted in the text?
Sharing needles
Why is it recommended to start antiretroviral therapy (ART) as soon as possible after an HIV diagnosis?
To reduce the viral load and prevent transmission
What is the most dangerous complication for a patient with a stem cell transplant according to the text?
Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)
How can a healthcare provider protect patients with stem cell transplants from Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) according to the text?
Use prophylactic medications to prevent GVHD
What care instructions are recommended for the skin post radiation therapy, based on the text?
Avoid constricting garments on the treated area
In what situations should surgery for cancer be considered based on the text?
For palliation of symptoms such as pain
Which complication is associated with patients experiencing swelling of the face and arms?
Superior vena cava syndrome
What symptom should alert healthcare providers to a potential issue in a patient with cancer, as mentioned in the text?
Dyspnea
What is the main risk for a cancer patient with a low neutrophil count?
Infection
What is the best way to prevent infection in a cancer patient with neutropenia?
Maintain good hand hygiene
Which platelet count range is considered normal?
2,500 to 6,000 per microliter
What temperature is concerning for a neutropenic patient and requires immediate medical evaluation?
38.0°C (100.4°F)
What severe complication can occur if doxorubicin infiltrates during administration?
Severe local tissue damage (necrosis)
Which condition is characterized by a low platelet count?
Thrombocytopenia
What is a potential dangerous complication for patients with HIV as stated in the text?
Opportunistic infections
Why is it recommended to start antiretroviral therapy (ART) as soon as possible after an HIV diagnosis according to the text?
To reduce viral load and improve immune function
What are potential adverse effects of cyclophosphamide as mentioned in the text?
Myelosuppression and alopecia
How can healthcare providers reduce the risk of HIV transmission based on the text?
Pregnant women receiving treatment during pregnancy
What concerning symptom in cancer patients is highlighted in the text?
Sudden shortness of breath
What are reasons to start antiretroviral HIV medication, as mentioned in the text?
To prevent transmission and improve immune function
What is the function of histamine in an allergic reaction?
Increases vascular permeability
Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is characterized by systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis?
Type III
What is the order of action recommended during an episode of anaphylaxis?
Immediately administer epinephrine, call for emergency medical help, provide supportive care, administer additional medications as needed
What does a positive urine ketones test indicate in diabetes?
The body is using fat for energy due to a lack of insulin or inability to use glucose properly
Which type of diabetic complication affects large blood vessels like cardiovascular disease?
Macrovascular
What percentage of calories from protein is recommended in the diet for diabetics according to the American Diabetes Association?
~15-20%
When should Humalog insulin be taken in relation to meals?
Immediately before or after meals
What is the recommended care for type 1 diabetic patients during illness?
Stay hydrated and have a plan for when to contact healthcare provider if needed
What is the cause of type 1 diabetes?
Genetic predisposition and environmental factors causing destruction of insulin-producing cells
What is the first-line treatment for hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome?
Initial fluid replacement
What is the main purpose of using prophylactic medications to prevent GVHD in patients with stem cell transplants?
To prevent the donor T-cells from attacking the host cells
Why is it important to avoid applying heat or cold directly to the skin post radiation therapy?
It may cause burns or damage to the treated area
What distinguishes acquired active immunity from acquired passive immunity?
Acquired active immunity requires exposure to an antigen, while acquired passive immunity does not
Why would surgery for cancer be classified as 'reconstructive/rehabilitative'?
To restore appearance or function
What is a key challenge in detecting and targeting cancer cells by the immune system?
The similarity between normal and cancer cells
In what situation is the creation of a bladder reservoir considered a rehabilitative surgery for cancer patients?
To restore urinary function after cancer treatment
What distinguishes innate immunity from acquired immunity in responding to pathogens?
Innate immunity provides immediate defense against pathogens, while acquired immunity takes time to develop
Why do cancer cells develop mechanisms to evade immune detection?
To avoid destruction by the immune system
What is the primary cause of gestational diabetes?
Insulin resistance from hormonal changes during pregnancy
How does stress impact diabetes?
Increases blood glucose levels through cortisol release
What are the signs and symptoms of neuropathy?
Tingling, numbness, pain in feet and hands
What are the key teaching points for a new diabetic?
Blood glucose monitoring, insulin administration
What is the priority order in treating Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)?
Fluid replacement, electrolyte management, insulin therapy
How do you differentiate between Somogyi effect and dawn phenomenon?
Check blood sugar levels at night for Somogyi and in the early morning for dawn phenomenon
What is the potential outcome if one parent has a recessive genetic disorder while the other parent does not?
25% chance of the child having the disorder
What is the risk of taking beta-blockers for a type one diabetic related to hypoglycemia?
Masking symptoms of hypoglycemia
How should insulin doses and meal planning be adjusted concerning exercise?
Monitor blood glucose levels and adjust insulin doses/carbohydrate intake based on activity level
Test your knowledge on monitoring signs of respiratory distress, potential complications, concerning symptoms, and adverse effects of cyclophosphamide in cancer patients.
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