Medical Assessment and Complications in Cancer Patients Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which symptom is characteristic of superior vena cava syndrome?

  • Facial edema (correct)
  • Swelling of the arms
  • Periorbital edema
  • Shortness of breath
  • What is a common complication associated with chest cancers?

  • Cough
  • Headache
  • Seizures
  • Pleural effusion (correct)
  • How do patients with superior vena cava syndrome typically present?

  • Swelling of the face and arms (correct)
  • Headache
  • Chronic cough
  • Chest pain
  • Which symptom may indicate pleural effusion in a patient with chest cancer?

    <p>Shortness of breath</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic symptom of superior vena cava syndrome?

    <p>Headache</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a patient with chest cancer, which symptom may suggest the presence of pleural effusion?

    <p>Chest pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are potential complications that a cancer patient may experience, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Infection, bleeding, kidney dysfunction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a concerning symptom in cancer patients, as indicated in the text?

    <p>Fever, uncontrolled pain, shortness of breath</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some adverse effects of cyclophosphamide mentioned in the text?

    <p>Myelosuppression, hemorrhagic cystitis, nausea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are dangerous potential complications for patients with HIV mentioned in the text?

    <p>Opportunistic infections, AIDS-related cancers, medication side effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common method of HIV transmission highlighted in the text?

    <p>Sharing needles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it recommended to start antiretroviral therapy (ART) as soon as possible after an HIV diagnosis?

    <p>To reduce the viral load and prevent transmission</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most dangerous complication for a patient with a stem cell transplant according to the text?

    <p>Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can a healthcare provider protect patients with stem cell transplants from Graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) according to the text?

    <p>Use prophylactic medications to prevent GVHD</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What care instructions are recommended for the skin post radiation therapy, based on the text?

    <p>Avoid constricting garments on the treated area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what situations should surgery for cancer be considered based on the text?

    <p>For palliation of symptoms such as pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which complication is associated with patients experiencing swelling of the face and arms?

    <p>Superior vena cava syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom should alert healthcare providers to a potential issue in a patient with cancer, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Dyspnea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main risk for a cancer patient with a low neutrophil count?

    <p>Infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the best way to prevent infection in a cancer patient with neutropenia?

    <p>Maintain good hand hygiene</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which platelet count range is considered normal?

    <p>2,500 to 6,000 per microliter</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What temperature is concerning for a neutropenic patient and requires immediate medical evaluation?

    <p>38.0°C (100.4°F)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What severe complication can occur if doxorubicin infiltrates during administration?

    <p>Severe local tissue damage (necrosis)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by a low platelet count?

    <p>Thrombocytopenia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential dangerous complication for patients with HIV as stated in the text?

    <p>Opportunistic infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it recommended to start antiretroviral therapy (ART) as soon as possible after an HIV diagnosis according to the text?

    <p>To reduce viral load and improve immune function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are potential adverse effects of cyclophosphamide as mentioned in the text?

    <p>Myelosuppression and alopecia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can healthcare providers reduce the risk of HIV transmission based on the text?

    <p>Pregnant women receiving treatment during pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What concerning symptom in cancer patients is highlighted in the text?

    <p>Sudden shortness of breath</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are reasons to start antiretroviral HIV medication, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>To prevent transmission and improve immune function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of histamine in an allergic reaction?

    <p>Increases vascular permeability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is characterized by systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis?

    <p>Type III</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the order of action recommended during an episode of anaphylaxis?

    <p>Immediately administer epinephrine, call for emergency medical help, provide supportive care, administer additional medications as needed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a positive urine ketones test indicate in diabetes?

    <p>The body is using fat for energy due to a lack of insulin or inability to use glucose properly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of diabetic complication affects large blood vessels like cardiovascular disease?

    <p>Macrovascular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of calories from protein is recommended in the diet for diabetics according to the American Diabetes Association?

    <p>~15-20%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When should Humalog insulin be taken in relation to meals?

    <p>Immediately before or after meals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended care for type 1 diabetic patients during illness?

    <p>Stay hydrated and have a plan for when to contact healthcare provider if needed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of type 1 diabetes?

    <p>Genetic predisposition and environmental factors causing destruction of insulin-producing cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first-line treatment for hyperosmolar hyperglycemic syndrome?

    <p>Initial fluid replacement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of using prophylactic medications to prevent GVHD in patients with stem cell transplants?

    <p>To prevent the donor T-cells from attacking the host cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is it important to avoid applying heat or cold directly to the skin post radiation therapy?

    <p>It may cause burns or damage to the treated area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes acquired active immunity from acquired passive immunity?

    <p>Acquired active immunity requires exposure to an antigen, while acquired passive immunity does not</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why would surgery for cancer be classified as 'reconstructive/rehabilitative'?

    <p>To restore appearance or function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key challenge in detecting and targeting cancer cells by the immune system?

    <p>The similarity between normal and cancer cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what situation is the creation of a bladder reservoir considered a rehabilitative surgery for cancer patients?

    <p>To restore urinary function after cancer treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes innate immunity from acquired immunity in responding to pathogens?

    <p>Innate immunity provides immediate defense against pathogens, while acquired immunity takes time to develop</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do cancer cells develop mechanisms to evade immune detection?

    <p>To avoid destruction by the immune system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary cause of gestational diabetes?

    <p>Insulin resistance from hormonal changes during pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does stress impact diabetes?

    <p>Increases blood glucose levels through cortisol release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the signs and symptoms of neuropathy?

    <p>Tingling, numbness, pain in feet and hands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the key teaching points for a new diabetic?

    <p>Blood glucose monitoring, insulin administration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the priority order in treating Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)?

    <p>Fluid replacement, electrolyte management, insulin therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do you differentiate between Somogyi effect and dawn phenomenon?

    <p>Check blood sugar levels at night for Somogyi and in the early morning for dawn phenomenon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the potential outcome if one parent has a recessive genetic disorder while the other parent does not?

    <p>25% chance of the child having the disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the risk of taking beta-blockers for a type one diabetic related to hypoglycemia?

    <p>Masking symptoms of hypoglycemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How should insulin doses and meal planning be adjusted concerning exercise?

    <p>Monitor blood glucose levels and adjust insulin doses/carbohydrate intake based on activity level</p> Signup and view all the answers

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