Medical Application of Cartilage Types

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary component of the extracellular matrix (ECM) of hyaline cartilage that contributes to its structural integrity?

Type II collagen (correct)

Elastin

Fibrin

Type I collagen

What type of growth involves the formation of new chondroblasts from progenitor cells in the perichondrium?

Radial growth

Intermittent growth

Appositional growth (correct)

Mitosis growth

Which property of glycosaminoglycans contributes to the shock-absorbing characteristics of cartilage?

Hydrophobic interaction with lipids

Ability to bind anions (correct)

Ability to bind cations

Electrostatic interaction with collagen type I

What are the primary cells found in the lacunae of cartilage?

Chondrocytes Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant factor contributing to the slow repair of cartilage after injury?

Avascularity and low metabolic rate Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the ECM of cartilage is incorrect?

It is rich in type III collagen fibers. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary source of mesenchymal progenitor cells activated for the repair of damaged hyaline cartilage?

Perichondrium Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes hyaline cartilage from most other connective tissues?

Its extracellular matrix is rich in type II collagen. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of chondrocytes within the cartilage ECM?

To synthesize and maintain all ECM components Signup and view all the answers

What type of collagen is primarily found in hyaline cartilage?

Type II collagen Signup and view all the answers

How do proteoglycans contribute to the physical properties of cartilage?

By binding water and creating a semirigid consistency Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does NOT contribute to cartilage degeneration?

Increased perichondrium presence Signup and view all the answers

What structural characteristic differentiates the three main types of cartilage?

The density and arrangement of the collagen fibers Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of hyaluronan in cartilage?

To help retain water within the matrix Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant consequence of cartilage lacking perichondrium?

Increased susceptibility to mechanical damage Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a type of cartilage?

Cancellous cartilage Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary type of collagen found in hyaline cartilage?

Type II collagen Signup and view all the answers

What role do proteoglycans play in hyaline cartilage?

They bind water to maintain hydration and resilience. Signup and view all the answers

What is a significant consequence of osteoarthritis affecting hyaline cartilage?

Gradual loss of cartilage leading to joint pain Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT associated with the degeneration of cartilage in joints?

Excessive production of hyaluronic acid Signup and view all the answers

What components form the structure of proteoglycans in hyaline cartilage?

Chondroitin sulfate and keratan sulfate side chains Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the weight of fresh hyaline cartilage is constituted by water bound to GAGs?

60%-80% Signup and view all the answers

What effect does aging have on hyaline cartilage in joints?

Gradual loss or altered physical properties Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cartilage is primarily found in places like the ribs, ears, and nose?

Elastic cartilage Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cartilage Types and Function

Cartilage provides structural support in joints, ribs, ears, and nose.
Main types of cartilage: hyaline, elastic, and fibrocartilage, each with specific functions and features.

Structure and Composition

Hyaline cartilage contains predominantly type II collagen and a high concentration of water (60%-80% of its weight).
Proteoglycans, such as aggrecan, play a critical role in cartilage's structural integrity and shock-absorbing properties.
Chondrocytes, embedded in the extracellular matrix (ECM), produce and maintain cartilage components.

Medical Relevance

Osteoarthritis is a progressive disease characterized by the degeneration of hyaline cartilage, especially in weight-bearing joints like hips and knees.
The disease triggers inflammation through matrix metalloproteinases and immune responses, leading to pain.

Growth and Repair

Cartilage grows via interstitial (mitosis of existing chondrocytes) and appositional (formation of new chondroblasts) growth.
Repair of damaged cartilage is limited due to its avascular nature and low metabolic rate.

Mechanical Properties

Cartilage's semi-rigid consistency is maintained by electrostatic interactions between collagen, hyaluronan, and glycosaminoglycans (GAGs).
This structure allows it to withstand mechanical stresses and provides a smooth surface for joint movement.

Differences in Cartilage Types

Hyaline cartilage has a glassy appearance and homogenous ECM, which is rich in type II collagen and proteoglycans.
Elastic cartilage contains elastin fibers, providing flexibility, while fibrocartilage, rich in dense collagen, offers toughness and strength in areas like intervertebral discs.

Chondrocyte Function

Chondrocytes reside in cavities called lacunae and are the primary cells responsible for synthesizing cartilage ECM.
Chondrocytes function is compromised by genetic conditions, leading to deformities or joint issues.

Cartilage and Aging

As individuals age, the properties of hyaline cartilage change, affecting joint mobility and contributing to degenerative diseases.
Factors like wear-and-tear contribute to cartilage wear and the development of conditions like osteoarthritis.

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Description

This quiz explores the main features of various types of cartilage found in the skeleton, focusing on joints and areas needing support, such as ribs, ears, and nose. It includes details about hyaline, elastic, and fibrocartilage, along with their medical applications.