Podcast
Questions and Answers
What was identified as a key factor contributing to the racial disparity in low birth weight?
What was identified as a key factor contributing to the racial disparity in low birth weight?
- Chronic stress from racism (correct)
- Genetic predisposition
- Socioeconomic status
- Age of the mother
What does the term 'weathering' refer to in the context of health?
What does the term 'weathering' refer to in the context of health?
- An improvement in health with age
- The impact of climate on mental health
- Breaking down over time due to stress (correct)
- Seasonal changes in health outcomes
How does allostatic load affect an individual's health?
How does allostatic load affect an individual's health?
- It primarily impacts young individuals.
- It signifies temporary stress responses.
- It represents the cumulative effects of chronic stress. (correct)
- It enhances physical and mental performance.
What is a significant reason people with PTSD might struggle to seek help?
What is a significant reason people with PTSD might struggle to seek help?
Which group is currently excluded from participating in women's sports due to existing rules?
Which group is currently excluded from participating in women's sports due to existing rules?
What is the primary benefit of community living for individuals with disabilities?
What is the primary benefit of community living for individuals with disabilities?
Which statement accurately reflects the medical model of disability?
Which statement accurately reflects the medical model of disability?
What challenges do individuals face when accessing Medicaid according to the discussion?
What challenges do individuals face when accessing Medicaid according to the discussion?
In the context of addiction, what is the chronicity model according to the discussion?
In the context of addiction, what is the chronicity model according to the discussion?
What is the primary purpose of Nuevo Dia as described in the content?
What is the primary purpose of Nuevo Dia as described in the content?
How is mourning differentiated from melancholy in the context provided?
How is mourning differentiated from melancholy in the context provided?
What common experience did individuals in detox report?
What common experience did individuals in detox report?
What factor led to some people being melancholic in their interviews?
What factor led to some people being melancholic in their interviews?
What observation did Beatrice the ER nurse make about heroin overdoses?
What observation did Beatrice the ER nurse make about heroin overdoses?
What is one reason why Beatrice believes heroin overdoses are inevitable?
What is one reason why Beatrice believes heroin overdoses are inevitable?
How did Medicaid reform specifically impact addiction services?
How did Medicaid reform specifically impact addiction services?
What practices do families engage in to care for addicts when state support is lacking?
What practices do families engage in to care for addicts when state support is lacking?
Why is heroin addiction a significant issue in certain regions?
Why is heroin addiction a significant issue in certain regions?
What was a major issue highlighted about the healthcare system in the film 'The Waiting Room'?
What was a major issue highlighted about the healthcare system in the film 'The Waiting Room'?
How did the accompaniment system improve healthcare outcomes in communities?
How did the accompaniment system improve healthcare outcomes in communities?
What is the core problem with prescribing medications based on race?
What is the core problem with prescribing medications based on race?
What unique challenge do people from marginalized communities face regarding bone marrow donation?
What unique challenge do people from marginalized communities face regarding bone marrow donation?
What differentiates race from ancestry in the context of genetic studies?
What differentiates race from ancestry in the context of genetic studies?
What is one critical outcome of chronic stress on the body?
What is one critical outcome of chronic stress on the body?
How does chronic stress negatively impact heart health?
How does chronic stress negatively impact heart health?
Why is stress considered maladaptive for humans compared to other animals?
Why is stress considered maladaptive for humans compared to other animals?
Flashcards
Allostatic Load
Allostatic Load
The cumulative effects of chronic stress on mental and physical health, leading to wear and tear on the body.
Weathering
Weathering
The process of breaking down over time due to chronic stress and adversity.
Hegemonic Masculinity
Hegemonic Masculinity
A set of cultural beliefs and practices that define what it means to be a man in a particular society. In the US, it often emphasizes dominance, aggression, and emotional suppression.
Meaning-Centered Approach
Meaning-Centered Approach
A theoretical approach in medical anthropology that focuses on the meanings, beliefs, and practices surrounding health and illness in different cultures.
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Medicalization
Medicalization
The process by which aspects of life previously considered outside the domain of medicine become defined and treated as medical problems.
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Social Model of Disability
Social Model of Disability
The concept that disability is shaped by society's structures and attitudes, not inherent limitations of individuals.
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Medical Model of Disability
Medical Model of Disability
A concept that defines disability as a medical condition requiring treatment or cure.
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Community Living
Community Living
The ability for individuals with disabilities to live independently in their communities, with access to services and supports they need.
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Chronicity Model of Addiction
Chronicity Model of Addiction
A treatment approach acknowledging addiction as a chronic illness requiring ongoing management.
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Melancholy
Melancholy
A prolonged state of grief and sadness, often rooted in social and historical trauma.
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Mourning
Mourning
The process of grieving a loss, with a defined beginning and end.
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Moral Failing Model of Addiction
Moral Failing Model of Addiction
The idea that addiction is a moral failing, a result of personal weakness.
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Neurological Model of Addiction
Neurological Model of Addiction
A model that views addiction as a result of brain changes and neurochemical imbalances.
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Intentional Heroin Overdoses
Intentional Heroin Overdoses
Some people intentionally overdosed on heroin, and this was often overlooked. Hard to track exactly how many overdoses were intentional.
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Model of Chronicity and Heroin Overdoses
Model of Chronicity and Heroin Overdoses
Heroin addiction is seen as an insurmountable struggle, leading to the belief that overdoses are inevitable. This is due to the "model of chronicity", which views addiction as chronic and difficult to overcome.
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Medicaid Reform and Addiction Services
Medicaid Reform and Addiction Services
Medicaid's shift towards managed care, where health organizations act as intermediaries between the state and patients, has impacted addiction services. This often leads to cost-cutting measures by states, making it difficult to provide adequate care.
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Community Care for Addiction
Community Care for Addiction
Families and communities frequently provide care for people with addiction when state resources are limited. Examples include home detoxifying, using home remedies for symptoms, and providing emotional and practical support. This highlights the lack of adequate state support for addiction recovery.
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Factors Contributing to Heroin Addiction
Factors Contributing to Heroin Addiction
The region's history of melancholy and poverty is thought to contribute to the high prevalence of heroin addiction. This suggests that social and economic factors play a role in addiction vulnerability.
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Challenges in Solving Heroin Addiction
Challenges in Solving Heroin Addiction
Solving the heroin addiction problem is difficult due to lack of resources and inadequate systems. The author criticizes the system for failing to provide sufficient treatment options and facilities.
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Healthcare Problems in "The Waiting Room"
Healthcare Problems in "The Waiting Room"
The film "The Waiting Room" highlights the long wait times in emergency rooms due to doctor shortages and a system that prioritizes profit over patient need. This exposes the shortcomings of the American healthcare system, especially for the less fortunate.
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Food Insecurity Definition
Food Insecurity Definition
Food insecurity encompasses both availability and access to nutritious food. This suggests that having food doesn't guarantee food security if it's inaccessible or unaffordable.
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Brightside Produce and Food Insecurity
Brightside Produce and Food Insecurity
Brightside Produce combats food insecurity by providing affordable, organic, and nutritious food options in unconventional locations, such as liquor stores and gas stations. This increases accessibility for underserved communities.
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Paul Farmer's Goals in Haiti
Paul Farmer's Goals in Haiti
Paul Farmer, a physician, sought to provide equitable, high-quality healthcare to marginalized populations, specifically focusing on HIV/AIDS and TB in Haiti. He believed in the right to healthcare for all individuals, regardless of their socioeconomic status.
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Accompaniment System for Infectious Disease
Accompaniment System for Infectious Disease
The accompaniment system involves training local community members to provide ongoing support and care for patients. This empowers the community and ensures that patients receive a more holistic and consistent level of care, improving treatment adherence.
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Skepticism about Multi-Drug-Resistant TB Treatment
Skepticism about Multi-Drug-Resistant TB Treatment
Public health experts were initially skeptical of Partners in Health's success in treating multi-drug-resistant TB due to the belief that it was a waste of time and resources. This reflects the prevalent attitude that some communities are considered expendable.
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Resistance to Treatment for Marginalized Communities
Resistance to Treatment for Marginalized Communities
Partners in Health faced resistance from public health experts in providing treatment for diseases rather than solely focusing on prevention. This highlights the bias against providing equal care to marginalized communities.
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Bi-Dil and Race-Based Medicine
Bi-Dil and Race-Based Medicine
Bi-Dil is a heart medication that was marketed specifically to Black individuals due to a study showing reduced mortality in Black participants. This approach is problematic because race is a social construct and overlooks individual variations.
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"Correcting for Race" in Healthcare
"Correcting for Race" in Healthcare
The practice of adjusting diagnostic algorithms and treatment protocols based on a person's self-identified race is problematic because it reinforces the myth of biological race. This can lead to misdiagnosis and ignores the diversity within racial groups.
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Medicaid and Community Living
- Community living, for people with disabilities, means having autonomy and control over daily life, like having health aides or avoiding institutionalization.
- Medicaid access varies by state, creating difficulties for those moving.
- Obtaining Medicaid often requires meeting strict poverty requirements due to complex bureaucratic processes.
Disability Discourse
- Medical Model: Views disability as a personal problem to be overcome. The focus is on the individual's body and fixing it.
- Social Model: Views disability as a result of societal barriers. Focus is on creating a more inclusive and accessible society.
The Pastoral Clinic - Intro and Ch. 1
- Setting: New Mexico's Espanola Valley, focusing on heroin addicts.
- Nuevo Dia's services: Detox, often court-ordered. Patients stay for a time determined by the courts or leave earlier.
- Chronicity model: Addiction is a persistent, lifelong condition.
- Drug court: Shapes lives by dictating treatment, including mandatory therapy or recovery programs.
- Garcia's role: Minimum wage detox attendant, working overnight, dealing with withdrawal symptoms.
- Detox experience: Painful and challenging.
The Pastoral Clinic - Ch. 2
- Mourning vs. Melancholy: Mourning is temporary, while melancholy is prolonged sadness, often associated with historical events.
- Melancholy reasons: Historic land losses.
The Pastoral Clinic - Ch. 3
- Addiction transmission: Chapter discusses the intergenerational impacts of addiction.
The Pastoral Clinic - Ch. 4
- Intentional overdoses: Beatrice (ER nurse) observes some overdoses may be intentional but not always recognized.
- Inevitability of overdoses: Related to the chronicity model, suggesting treatment limitations given addiction's longevity.
The Pastoral Clinic - Ch. 5
- Medicaid reform's impact: Medicaid implemented managed care models, increasing the cost to the states, which then cut costs in response.
- Family caregiving: Families often provide care when the state support systems fail.
General Questions
- Heroin epidemic's roots: Historic melancholy, poverty in the region.
- Complexity of solutions: Multifaceted challenges, requiring a combination of strategies.
- Blamed parties: The inadequate support of the broader system with both insufficient facilities and a lack of well resourced treatment plans.
Film: The Waiting Room
- Long ER wait: Doctor shortages, lack of prioritization, some patients needing dialysis.
- Healthcare system insights: Shows a demanding system, unsustainable for many, especially those without significant financial backing.
Presentation: Iana Castro
- Food insecurity characteristics: Availability, access, and affordability
- Brightside Produce's approach: Making healthy, affordable, organic food accessible in various locations.
Film: Bending the Arc
- Paul Farmer's goal: Equitable high quality healthcare for the poor and vulnerable, specifically addressing HIV/AIDS and TB.
- Accompaniment system: Local support for patient care, improving treatment adherence and patient wellness.
- Public health skepticism: Skepticism about the success of treatment programs, sometimes prioritizing prevention over treatment.
Video: The Problem with Race-Based Medicine
- Bi-Dil: A heart medication initially marketed only to Black people.
- Problematic race-based prescribing: Reinforces stereotypes, overlooks individual variation.
- "Correcting" for race: Adjusting algorithms and protocols, which is inaccurate in its implementation for it reinforces racial bias.
Podcast: Code Switch: Finding a Perfect Match
- Donor match disparities: European ancestry has a higher representation in bone marrow registries.
- Non-biological barriers: Medical mistrust, socioeconomic challenges and a lack of general awareness make access difficult for marginalized groups.
- Different health care experiences: Exposure to different levels of bias and access across identity backgrounds, impacting chances for medical support.
Article: Genetic Ancestry in Precision Medicine
- Race vs. Ancestry: Race is a societal construct, while ancestry is measurable.
- Relevance in precision medicine: Genetic ancestry is more relevant than race when considering treatment outcomes.
- Examples: Genetic marker associations of diseases and their impacts by ancestry.
Lecture: Stress and Health
- Sympathetic response: Fight-or-flight, physical responses.
- Parasympathetic recovery: Counteracts the sympathetic response, normalizing physiological functions.
- Chronic stress and health problems: Contributes to diabetes and heart disease.
- Stress benefits: Adaptive, preparing for immediate threats.
- Human maladaptation: Unique thought processes and social structures affect the stress response. The environment and inequalities contribute to stress.
Article: Something About Being Black is Bad for Your Body
- False explanations for racial disparity: Age, socioeconomic status.
- Author's explanation: Chronic stress from racism negatively impacts Black women's health and pregnancy outcomes.
- Weathering: Cumulative effects of chronic stress.
- Allostatic load: Cumulative health problems caused by chronic stress.
- Microaggressions: Contribute to weathering due to continuous stress and feeling disrespected.
Article: Of Men and Messages
- PTSD symptoms: Variable but often include avoidance, emotional numbness, flashbacks, and hypervigilance.
- Hegemonic masculinity: Societal pressure for men to be assertive, strong, and stoic; leading to emotional suppression in response to stress.
- Family reactions: Families may not recognize or address the symptoms of PTSD due to norms around emotional expression in men.
- Latino men responses: Different responses to trauma than other groups.
- Difficulty seeking help: Stigma, societal expectations, a lack of treatment options.
Podcast: The Retrievals
- Yale fertility clinic incident: A specific issue, potentially involving improper handling.
- Women in healthcare: Illustrates unique challenges for women in healthcare settings.
Podcast: Tested
- Intersex: Variations in physical sex characteristics.
- Mboma: Forced to undergo hormone treatment.
- Excluded groups: Intersex, transgender, those without the financial means to undergo hormone treatment.
First Half of Semester Review
- Theoretical approaches (medical anthropology): Biological, ecological, ethnomedical, meaning-centered.
- Medicalization: Process of labeling problems as medical issues.
- Hegemony: Power of dominance, dominance in belief systems
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